Английская Википедия:Ethnic groups in Nepal

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Файл:Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg

Nepal ethnic groups

Файл:Ethnographic Map Of Nepal Native area of Ethnic caste group Dr Harka Gurung 1998.jpg

Ethnographic map of Nepal (Gurung 1998)

Файл:Ethnolinguistic Groups of Nepal.svg

Nepal ethnic groups

Файл:Indigenous magar girls of Nepal.JPG

Magar girls in ethnic dress. Magars are the most populous Janajati group in Nepal.

Ethnic groups in Nepal are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal.

Linguistic groups

Khaijadi

Gurung people from central Nepal playing one of their traditional drums, Khaijadi

Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from 2 major language groups: Indo-European languages, Tibeto-Burman languages. Nepal's languages are mostly either Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan, while only a very few of them are Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian.

Out of 123 languages of Nepal, the 48 Indo-European languages constitute the largest group in terms of the numeric strength of their speakers, nearly 82.1% of population. Nepali, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Awadhi, Tharu languages, Urdu, etc. fall in this group.

The Sino-Tibetan family of Nepal's languages forms a part of its Tibeto-Burman group. Though spoken by relatively fewer people than the Indo-European family (17.3% of population), it includes a greater number of languages, about 63 languages. Languages belonging to this group are Tamang, Nepal Bhasa (Newar), Magar, Limbu, etc.

Tribhuvan University began surveying and recording threatened languages in 2010 and the government intends to use this information to include more languages on the next Nepalese census.

Social status

Файл:SunuwarMaleFemale.jpg

Sunuwar, a division of Kirati people; one of the largest ethnic groups in Eastern Nepal

Hill status i.e. (Brahmin/Bahun and Chhetri castes) and the upper-caste segments of Newars dominated the civil service, the judiciary and upper ranks of the army throughout the Shah regime (1768–2008). Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. Caste system, prevalent among Hindus, was made illegal in 1961 by Naya Muluki ain.

List of ethnic / caste-groups in Nepal by population

The population wise ranking of 125 Nepalese castes groups as per 2011 Nepal census.Шаблон:Refn

Rank	Caste & Tribal groups	Broad Ethnic Category	Population (2011)	Percentage (%)
1	Chetri	Khas-Arya	4,398,053	16.60
2	Bahun	Khas-Arya	3,226,903	12.18
3	Magar	Hill Mulbasi	1,887,733	7.12
4	Tharu	Tarai Mulbasi	1,737,470	6.56
5	Tamang	Hill Mulbasi	1,539,830	5.81
6	Newar	Mulbasi (Newar)	1,321,933	4.99
7	Kami	Khas-Arya (Sipalu)	1,258,554	4.75
8	Nepali Musalman	Madhesi	1,164,255	4.39
9	Yadav	Madhesi	1,054,458	3.98
10	Rai	Hill	620,004	2.34
11	Gurung	Hill	522,641	1.97
12	Damai/Dholi	Khas-Arya (Sipalu)	472,862	1.78
13	Thakuri	Khas-Arya	425,623	1.61
14	Limbu	Hill	387,300	1.46
15	Sarki	Khas-Arya (Sipalu)	374,816	1.41
16	Teli	Madhesi	369,688	1.40
17	Chamar/Harijan/Ram	Madhesi (Sipalu)	335,893	1.27
18	Kushwaha	Madhesi	306,393	1.16
19	Musahar	Madhesi	234,490	0.89
20	Kurmi	Madhesi	231,129	0.87
21	Sanyasi/Dasnami	Khas-Arya	227,822	0.86
22	Dhanuk	Tarai	219,808	0.83
23	Kanu/Haluwai	Madhesi	209,053	0.79
24	Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi	Madhesi	208,910	0.79
25	Mallaha	Madhesi	173,261	0.65
26	Kewat	Madhesi	153,772	0.58
27	Kathbaniya	Madhesi	138,637	0.52
28	Brahmin-Terai	Madhesi	134,106	0.51
29	Kalwar	Madhesi	128,232	0.48
30	Kumal	Hill (Sipalu)	121,196	0.45
31	Bhujel	Hill	118,650	0.44
32	Hajam/Thakur	Madhesi (Sipalu)	117,758	0.43
33	Rajbanshi	Tarai	115,242	0.43
34	Sherpa	Hill	112,946	0.41
35	Dhobi	Madhesi	109,079	0.40
36	Tatma/Tatwa	Madhesi	104,865	0.38
37	Lohar	Madhesi (Sipalu)	101,421	0.38
38	Khatwe	Madhesi	100,921	0.35
39	Sudhi	Madhesi	93,115	0.32
40	Danuwar	Hill	84,115	0.32
41	Majhi	Hill (Sipalu)	83,727	0.30
42	Barai	Madhesi	80,597	0.28
43	Bin	Madhesi	75,195	0.27
44	Nuniya	Madhesi	70,540	0.26
45	Chepang	Hill	68,399	0.24
46	Sonar	Madhesi (Sipalu)	64,335	0.24
47	Kumhar	Madhesi	62,399	0.21
48	Sunuwar	Hill	55,712	0.21
49	Bantar/Sardar	Madhesi	55,104	0.21
50	Kahar	Madhesi	53,159	0.20
51	Santhal	Tarai	51,735	0.20
52	Marwadi	Others	51,443	0.19
53	Kayastha	Madhesi	44,304	0.17
54	Rajput/Terai Kshetriya	Madhesi	41,972	0.16
55	Badi		38,603	0.15
56	Jhangar/Uraon	Tarai	37,424	0.14
57	Gangai (Ganesh & Mandal)	Tarai	36,988	0.12
58	Lodh	Madhesi	32,837	0.11
59	Badhaee	Madhesi	28,932	0.11
60	Thami	Hill	28,671	0.11
61	Kulung	Hill	28,613	0.1
62	Bengali	Others	26,582	0.1
63	Gaderi/Bhediyar/Gangajali	Madhesi	26,375	0.1
64	Dhimal	Tarai	26,298	0.09
65	Yakkha	Hill	24,336	0.09
66	Ghale	Hill	22,881	0.07
67	Tajpuriya	Tarai	19,213	0.07
68	Khawas	Hill	18,513	0.06
69	Darai	Hill	16,789	0.06
70	Mali	Madhesi	14,995	0.06
71	Dhuniya	Madhesi	14,846	0.05
72	Pahari	Hill	13,615	0.05
73	Rajdhob	Madhesi	13,422	0.05
74	Bhote	Hill	13,397	0.05
75	Dom	Madhesi	13,268	0.05
76	Thakali	Hill	13,215	0.05
77	Kori	Madhesi	12,276	0.04
78	Chhantyal	Hill	11,810	0.04
79	Hyolmo	Hill	10,752	0.04
80	Bote	Hill	10,397	0.04
81	Rajbhar	Madhesi	9,542	0.03
82	Brahmu/Baramo	Hill	8,140	0.03
83	Punjabi	Others	7,176	0.03
84	Nachhring	Hill	7,154	0.03
85	Yamphu	Hill	6,933	0.03
86	Gaine	Khas (Dalit)	6,791	0.03
87	Chamling	Hill	6,668	0.02
88	Athpahariya	Hill	5,977	0.02
89	Jirel	Hill	5,774	0.02
90	Dura	Hill	5,394	0.02
91	Sarabaria	Madhesi	4,906	0.02
92	Meche	Tarai	4,867	0.02
93	Bantawa	Hill	4,604	0.02
94	Raji	Hill	4,235	0.02
95	Dolpo	Hill	4,107	0.02
96	Halkhor	Madhesi	4,003	0.01
97	Byansi/Sauka	Hill	3,895	0.01
98	Amat	Madhesi	3,830	0.01
99	Thulung	Hill	3,535	0.01
100	Lepcha	Hill	3,445	0.01
101	Pathakatta/Kushwadia	Tarai	3,182	0.01
102	Mewahang	Hill	3,100	0.01
103	Bahing	Hill	3,096	0.01
104	Natuwa	Madhesi	3,062	0.01
105	Hayu	Hill	2,925	0.01
106	Dhankar/Dharikar	Madhesi	2,681	0.01
107	Lhopa	Hill	2,624	0.01
108	Munda	Tarai	2,350	0.0087
109	Dev	Madhesi	2,147	0.0081
110	Dhandi	Madhesi	1,982	0.0075
111	Kamar	Madhesi	1,787	0.0067
112	Kisan	Tarai	1,739	0.0066
113	Sampang	Hill	1,681	0.0063
114	Koche	Tarai	1,635	0.0062
115	Lhomi	Hill	1,614	0.0061
116	Khaling	Hill	1,571	0.0059
117	Topkegola	Hill	1,523	0.0057
118	Chidimar	Tarai	1,254	0.0047
119	Walung	Hill	1,249	0.0047
120	Lohorung	Hill	1,153	0.0044
121	Kalar	Madhesi	1,077	0.004
122	Raute	Hill	618	0.002
123	Nurang	Madhesi	278	0.001
124	Kusunda	Hill	273	0.001
	Foreigners	−	6,651	0.03
−	Others/Undefined	−	275,670	1.04%
Total			26,494,504	100.00%

Broad Ethnic Categories of Nepal (2011 Census)

Rank	Broad Ethnic Category	Sub-Category	Sub-Category Percentage	Linguistic family	Population Percentage
1	Khas-Arya (Hill Group)	Chhetri	16.60%	Indo-Aryan	39.37%
		Brahmin	12.18%
		Dalit	8.12%
		Thakuri	1.61%
		Sanyasis/Dashnami	0.86%
2	Janajatis	Hill: Sherpas, Tamangs, Magars, Ghale, Kirat (Rai, Limbu, Sunuwar), Gurungs etc.	22.28%	Sino-Tibetan	30.81%
		Terai: Tharu, Rajbanshi, Dhimal, etc.	8.53%	Indo-Aryan, Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan languages
3	Newars	Newar (Middle)	3.1%	Sino-Tibetan	5.5%
		Newar (Low)	0.4%
		Newar (Buddhists)	0.8%
		Newar (Upper)	1.1%
4	Madhesi (Terai Caste Group)	Madhesi (Middle)	9.97%	Indo-Aryan	23.43%
		Madhesi (Dalit)	4.50%
		Madhesi (Nepali Muslims)	4.39%
		Madhesi (Low)	3.86%
		Madhesi (High) Maithili Brahmins, Rajput/Terai Kshetriya, Thakur, etc.	2.5%
5	Other (Marwadi, Bengali and Punjabi)		−	Indo-Aryan	0.32%
6	Undefined and Foreigners	−	−	−	1.07%
Total					100%