Английская Википедия:French cruiser Linois (1894)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Linois was the lead ship of her class of protected cruisers built for the French Navy in the 1890s. The class was ordered as part of a construction program directed at strengthening the fleet's cruiser force. At the time, France was concerned with the growing naval threat of the Italian and German fleets, and the new cruisers were intended to serve with the main fleet, and overseas in the French colonial empire. Linois was armed with a main battery of four [[Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun|Шаблон:Cvt]] guns, was protected by an armored deck Шаблон:Cvt thick, and had a top speed of Шаблон:Convert.

Linois was completed in 1895 and joined the Mediterranean Squadron the next year, serving as part of the cruiser force of the main French battle fleet. She took part in training exercises during this period, which sometimes included joint maneuvers with the Northern Squadron. The ship was involved in a show of force meant to intimidate the Ottoman Empire in 1902 during a period of tension with France. Linois remained in service with the squadron until 1905, and was struck from the naval register in 1910 and broken up for scrap.

Design

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Файл:French cruiser Linois plan and profile.jpg
Plan and profile drawing of the Linois class

In response to a war scare with Italy in the late 1880s, the French Navy embarked on a major construction program in 1890 to counter the threat of the fleets of Italy and its ally Germany. The plan called for a total of seventy cruisers for use in home waters and overseas in the French colonial empire. The Linois class was ordered as part of the program,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and the design was based on the earlier Шаблон:Sclass.Шаблон:Sfn

Linois was Шаблон:Cvt long overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Cvt and a draft of Шаблон:Cvt. She displaced Шаблон:Cvt. Her crew varied over the course of her career, amounting to 250–269 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a pair of triple-expansion steam engines driving two screw propellers. Steam was provided by six coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into two funnels. Her machinery was rated to produce Шаблон:Convert for a top speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn She had a cruising radius of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Cvt at 20.5 knots.Шаблон:Sfn

The ship was armed with a main battery of four [[Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun|Шаблон:Cvt]] 45-caliber guns in individual pivot mounts, all in sponsons located amidships with two guns per broadside. These were supported by a secondary battery that consisted of a pair of [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|Шаблон:Cvt guns]], one at the bow and the other at the stern. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried eight [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|Шаблон:Cvt 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns]], [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|two Шаблон:Cvt guns]], and four 37 mm Hotchkiss revolver cannon. She was also armed with four Шаблон:Cvt torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline, and she could carry up to 120 naval mines. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck Шаблон:Cvt thick, and Шаблон:Cvt plating on the conning tower.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

Файл:French cruiser Linois at anchor.jpg
Linois early in her career, before 1898

Linois was built at the Шаблон:Lang shipyard in La Seyne-sur-Mer. She was laid down in August 1892, the first member of her class to begin construction. She was launched on 30 January 1894, and completed in 1895.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The ship conducted her sea trials later that year,Шаблон:Sfn including tests in July and August.Шаблон:Sfn Linois was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron in 1896, serving in the cruiser force for the main French fleet, along with three armored cruisers, three protected cruisers, and four torpedo cruisers.Шаблон:Sfn The maneuvers for that year took place from 6 to 30 July.Шаблон:Sfn She remained with the unit through 1897.Шаблон:Sfn By 1899, the unit had been strengthened with new ships, allowing older, less effective vessels to be sent elsewhere. By that time, the unit consisted of six pre-dreadnought battleships, three armored cruisers, seven other protected cruisers, and several smaller vessels in addition to Linois.Шаблон:Sfn The unit remained largely unchanged in 1900, apart from the reduction in the number of protected cruisers to five, including Linois.Шаблон:Sfn

She operated with the Mediterranean Squadron in 1901.Шаблон:Sfn That year, the annual fleet maneuvers were conducted from 3 to 28 July. During the exercises, the Northern Squadron steamed south for joint maneuvers with the Mediterranean Squadron. The Northern Squadron ships formed part of the hostile force, and as it was entering the Mediterranean from the Atlantic, represented a German squadron attempting to meet its Italian allies.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 October, Linois joined elements of the Mediterranean Squadron to conduct what were purported to be tests with wireless telegraphy, but was in fact a show of force in the Aegean Sea to intimidate the Ottoman Empire. Relations between the two were poor at the time. On 6 November, two of the battleships and several cruisers, including Linois, were detached to sail east for the operation. The cruisers proceeded independently from the battleships and met them at Mytilene on the island of Lesbos. The ships then re-formed and arrived back in Toulon on 9 December.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Linois-class cruiser.jpg
One of the Шаблон:Sclasss before 1905

The ship continued to serve in the squadron through 1902.Шаблон:Sfn During the 1902 fleet maneuvers, which began on 7 July, the Northern Squadron attempted to force a passage through the Strait of Gibraltar. The cruisers of the Mediterranean Squadron, including Linois, conducted patrols from their base at Mers El Kébir to observe their entrance and signal the rest of the fleet. After successfully detecting the simulated enemy squadron, they shadowed the vessels until the rest of the Mediterranean Squadron assembled, but the Northern Squadron commander was able to shake his pursuers long enough to prevent them from intercepting his force before the end of the exercises on 15 July. Further maneuvers with the combined fleet took place, concluding on 5 August.Шаблон:Sfn The ship remained in service with the squadron through 1905.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In March 1905, in late March, she and the cruiser Шаблон:Ship were present in Tangier during a visit by the German armored cruiser Шаблон:SMS and the passenger steamer Шаблон:SS, carrying German Kaiser Wilhelm II. The visit precipitated the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany.Шаблон:Sfn She was struck from the naval register in 1910 and sold to ship breakers for disposal.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

Шаблон:Linois-class cruiser

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