Английская Википедия:Griman Creek Formation

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Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox rockunit

The Griman Creek Formation is a geological formation in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia whose strata date back to the Albian-Cenomanian stages of the mid-Cretaceous.[1] It is most notable being a major source of opal, found near the town of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales. Alongside the opal opalised fossils are also found, including those of dinosaurs and primitive monotremes.[2]

Description

As a whole, the formation primarily consists of thinly bedded medium to fine sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, with sporadic coal seams. In the vicinity of Lightning Ridge, it is divided up into two informal members the underlying Wallangulla Sandstone Member which primarily consists of red fine grained sandstone, light siltstone and grey claystone and is up to Шаблон:Convert thick while the overlying Coocoran Claystone consists of about 10 metres of claystone. The contact between the two units is sudden and unconformable. Discontinuous clay lens beds within the Wallangulla Sandstone Member near Lightning Ridge, referred to as the Finch Clay Facies, are one of Australia's primary sources of commercial precious opal, with many mines dug in the area. These deposits are also the primary source of fossils within the formation, a large proportion of which are preserved as semi-precious opalized pseudomorphs. The fauna found in lightning ridge indicates that the depositional environment of the Finch Clay Facies was in near-coastal freshwater lagoons.[1]

Background

Шаблон:See also

Файл:Geology of Asia 100Ma.jpg
Australia was located near the South Pole in the Early and Middle Cretaceous
GPlates reconstruction for 100 Ma (Albian-Cenomanian and Early and Late Cretaceous boundary)
Файл:90 Ma - Late Cretaceous paleogeography with known distribution of Arcellites disciformis indicated.jpg
Paleogeography of the Turonian (90 Ma)
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Fossil content

Indeterminate avialan, euornithopod, and sauropod remains that were once misidentified as brachiosaurid are present in New South Wales, Australia.[2] Euornithopod tracks are also present in New South Wales.Шаблон:Citation needed

Dipnoi

Dipnoi of the Griman Creek Formation
Taxa Species Presence Material Notes Images
Metaceratodus wollastoni[3] M. wollastoni Isolated tooth plates
Ceratodus diutinus[3] C. diutinus Isolated tooth plates
Neoceratodus potkooroki[4] N. potkooroki Isolated tooth plates

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygians of the Griman Creek Formation
Taxa Species Presence Material Notes Images
Calamopleurus?[4] sp. Isolated jaw bones

Mammals

Mammals
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Kollikodon K. ritchiei Шаблон:Citation needed
Steropodon S. galmani Шаблон:Citation needed
Файл:Steropodon BW.jpg
Stirtodon S. elizabethae

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Isisfordia I. molnari Lightning Ridge Braincase and referred maxillary fragment[5]
Файл:Isisfordia.jpg

Dinosaurs

Indeterminate ornithopods and iguanodontians are known from the formation.[6] Indeterminate avetheropods and megaraptorans are known from the formation.[1] Two species of titanosauriforms and one species of titanosaur are known from teeth.[7]

Dinosaurs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Fostoria F. dhimbangunmal New South Wales A member of Rhabdodontomorpha.
Fulgurotherium F. australe New South Wales [2]
Rapator R. ornitholestoides New South Wales A megaraptoran; "Manual element"[2][8]
Файл:Rapator.png
Walgettosuchus W. woodwardi New South Wales "Vertebra"[2][9]
Later determined to be an indeterminate theropod[2]
Файл:Walgettosuchus.png
Weewarrasaurus W. pobeni New South Wales An ornithopod known from an isolated dentary[6]
Ankylosauria Indeterminate Osteoderm[10]
Enantiornithes Indeterminate Partial femoraШаблон:Citation needed
Megaraptora ("Lightning Claw") Indeterminate New South Wales Partial skeleton including parts of the lower arm, claws, lower leg, part of the hip, and pieces of ribs.[11]
Noasauridae Indeterminate Cervical vertebra[12]
Sauropoda Indeterminate A tooth

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Anhangueria Indeterminate "two isolated tooth crowns", possible limb elementsШаблон:Citation needed

Testudines

Turtles
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Spoochelys S. ormondea Perichelydian stem-turtle[13][14]
Chelidae Indeterminate[15]

See also

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Australia
South America
North America
Europe
Asia

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References

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Bibliography

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Bell et al., 2019
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.573-574
  3. 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite Q
  4. 4,0 4,1 Rodney W. Berrell, Lionel Cavin, Kate Trinajstic, Catherine Boisvert, Elizabeth T. Smith, The first record of amiid fishes (Halecomorphi, Amiiformes, Amiidae, Calamopleurini?) from Eastern Gondwana, Cretaceous Research, 2023, 105538, ISSN 0195-6671, Шаблон:Doi.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667123000666
  5. Hart et al., 2019
  6. 6,0 6,1 Bell et al., 2018
  7. Frauenfelder et al. 2020
  8. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.74
  9. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.78
  10. Bell et al., 2017
  11. Bell et al. 2016
  12. Brougham et al., 2020
  13. T-Bone Extension, Coocoran Opal Fields at Fossilworks.org
  14. Smith et al., 2013
  15. Шаблон:Cite journal