The fashion subculture was considered to be nonconformist and a rebelling against Japanese social and aesthetic standards[6] during a time when women were expected to be housewives and fit Asian beauty standards of pale skin and dark hair. For Japanese women who saw those who participated in this fashion during its rise, they considered it a fashion style too racy and freewheeling; with some feeling it caused a ruckus, juvenile delinquency and frivolousness among teenage girls.[7] Its popularity peaked in the 1990s and early 2000s. They are also known for partying and clubbing, being rather provocative, being flirtatious, and unwinding and having fun.
Although it has not been fully confirmed, some people say that the term gal became popular when Wrangler released women's jeans called "Gals" in 1972.
In 1978, a Japanese fashion information magazine for girls called "GAL'S LIFE'' was first published. This magazine introduced the culture of women in the West Coast of the United States, and included punk rock music, along with other genres like new wave and indie. However, the magazine had nothing to do with Japan's gyaru culture. Later, this magazine gained controversy due to its extreme expression of sexuality. (see Harmful books Progress in the regulation of harmful books).
In 1979, Kenji Sawada 's song "OH! Gal'' became a hit.
1980s
At the height of the bubble economy of Japan in the late 1980s, women began to appear wearing bodycon dresses and women's suits that were extremely tight and emphasized their body lines. Although this style originated from Europe in the early 1980s, it began to gain popularity as Japan was at a time where the economy was at its best. During this time period, this style was mostly worn by female college students and office ladies, and the word "gal" was used to referred to women of the younger generation. The words "pichi pichi gyaru'' (lively attractive gal) and "ike ike gyaru" (cool gal) also appeared in the early 1980s.
In Shibuya, there were constructions for several fashion and department stores, and the city became more youth-friendly.
On the other hand, in Harajuku, there was a huge boom in street dance culture called Takenokozoku in the early 1980s, and even in the late 1980s when Takenokozoku was on the decline, various youth cultures such as street live performances and performers were emerging mainly in Harajuku.
Heisei/Reiwa Gal
1990s
Even into the 1990s, the word gal continued to be used. In particular, the "Oyaji Gal" that appears in the manga "Sweet Spot", drawn by Yutsuko Chusonji gained so much recognition that it won the Buzzword Award. This term is usually used for young women who act like old men. Although this term has little to do with gyaru fashion itself, it can be said that it was one of the first indicators that gyaru were "cutting-edge in appearance, but somehow lacked order and manners in their speech and behavior". Later on, modern gyaru was compared with Oyaji gal.
Around this time, Shibuya's shop tenants such as 109 and PARCO gradually shifted to catering to teenagers, establishing the area as a cutting-edge district for teen fashion.
Meanwhile, since around 1993 in Harajuku, street fashion has flourished, as tenant rents were relatively low. From around 1998, Gothic Lolita fashion began to emerge, which later became connected to Gyaru, forming an even more diverse youth culture.[8]
Kogal and Amuraa
From 1992 to 1993, just after the Japanese bubble burst, high school girls with short skirts and loose socks, and wearing uniforms, appeared, which began to attract attention from the mass media. This is around when the word
During the same time period, Namie Amuro of SUPER MONKEY'S, had influenced many young girls with her style. Those who imitated the way she dressed called the style "Amuraa". Along with amuraa, other styles, such as 1970s style surfer fashion and LA fashion had become popular among teenage girls. One particularly significant change in fashion was the rise of brown dyed hair, which is theorized to because of the rise of Namie Amuro.[9]
By 1993, the Office Lady/female college student boom that had been going on since the 1980s had completely ended due to the collapse of the bubble economy, and the "high school girl boom'' was in full swing. From around 1995. this symbolized that even the entertainment and entertainment of young people was changing to a culture centered around younger high school and junior high school girls .
There are various theories about the origin of the word Kogal, but the most popular theory is that the term was originally used as a slang term to distinguish high school girls who were not allowed to enter night clubs from adult women. There is also a theory that the word "Kogyaru'' was derived as an abbreviation of "High school girl" in Japanese.
Another derivative word that was created through the initiative of the mass media was "Magogyaru", which refers to a junior high school girl.
During this period, Kogal was popular to the degree there was also a "Kogyaru boom" in the media, including shows and weekly magazines, featuring specials about kogals on a regular basis. However, in the shadow of this, various issues such as the lack of a concept of chastity and moral values among young people were also brought up at the same time. In particular, with regard to "Enjo Kosai'' (compensated dating), there were concerns that laws prohibiting child prostitution and child pornography had not yet been established, and this was strongly viewed as a problem. It has also been noted that for many gals, it was only through these sources of funds that they could dress up in extremely expensive fashion.
While Kogal was popular in the 1990s, it was rarely seen in the mass media anymore in the 2000s. However, in foreign countries such as the United States, Kogal is also often used as a general term to describe Japanese high school girls. In some places, Kogal is also used as a form of fetish category.[10]
By the early 2010s, Шаблон:Transliteration fashion was typically characterized by tanned skin as it is considered a must in some substyles, they were also most often seen with highly elongated and decorated artificial nails. As for the appearance of a Шаблон:Transliteration, dramatic makeup is also considered essential in this fashion subculture or depending on which substyle one partakes in. The makeup typically consists of black eye liner, fake eyelashes, and sometimes a white eye shadow or a touch of that color is applied to either the inner eye corners or to the outer corners near the lower lash line of the eyes. This is to make them appear larger or to contour them to elongate the eye of the sclera. In the later years of this style, with the popularity of South Korea during that time, the style would see the use of the South Korean makeup technique of increasing or creating a larger appearance of the under eye by applying makeup, such as highlighting the under eye and contouring the eye crease to make the eye bag appear prominent; this is known as Шаблон:Korean. This should not be confused with periorbital puffiness, even though both appear similar; one is a health condition while the other is done with makeup or by the use of plastic surgery such as botox. Also, contouring different parts of the face to change facial features and highlighting the nose for a slimming effect is often done. Colored contacts are often seen especially circle lenses to change eye color from a distance and also to make their eyes appear larger with the extreme diameter of these lenses.
Hairstyling, such as hair texture, color or styling, often differs within the substyles. Heavily bleached or dyed hair is most often seen; shades ranged from dark brown to lighter shades of brown to multiple shades of red or multiple shades of blonde. Hair is mostly styled either by curling it with a curling iron or having straight hair done by the use of a hair straightener. Hair may be curled to create extra volume and heavily crimped up. The hair is crimped differently than in the West. In Japanese, this hair styling was called Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration); in English, it means assorted streaks. This styling is named so, not only because of its enormous volume of hair, the usage of hair extension to achieve this look or even its use of an assortment of wigs to create this hairstyle. However, this name comes from these streaks of hair that are made apparent by being held by gel. Since after the curling and crimping; the gel would be used to keep hair streaks visible and present throughout the day.
Apparel for Шаблон:Transliteration fashion also varies by substyle and retail store; this choice of brands can denote which substyle one participates in. Japanese street fashionbrands or western fast fashion brands with general Шаблон:Transliteration aesthetics indicated one's substyle depending on their appearance in an outfit. Although some bought western luxury brands or even haute couture brands, most gravitated toward Japanese brands, depending on their style. Most of the apparel originated from Shibuya 109. A full outfit of only designer brands is not considered completely Шаблон:Transliteration unless one tries for a specific substyle. Yet, even those who participate in the substyle of wearing designer items have different brands, regardless of whether the brands are Western or Japanese. They would generally mix different brands to create a Шаблон:Transliteration look.
Шаблон:LangШаблон:IPA-ja (Шаблон:Transliteration): a style that was highly active, Шаблон:Transliteration was mostly inspired by, and its aesthetic referenced in, the magazine Шаблон:Transliteration. It is a foxy, ladylike, and mature style. It is generally worn by, but not exclusively by, a hostess. The intention is to be flawlessly glamorous and desirable. The Шаблон:Transliteration style emphasises the eyes, often enlarging and enhancing them with circle lenses and several sets of false eyelashes in an alluring way. The hair is always styled in an updo, resembling Шаблон:Transliteration, with curls or hair that is crimped in the Шаблон:Transliteration hair style, and sometimes includes extensions and wigs. It is common for those participating in the Шаблон:Transliteration style to simultaneously wear multiple wigs. The Шаблон:Transliteration style is similar to Шаблон:Transliteration, except for being more skimpy and with the intention to be classy. Japanese fashion brands most recognized in this substyle are DaTuRa, Jesus Diamante, La Parfait, MA*RS and Princess Melody.
Шаблон:LangШаблон:IPA-ja (Шаблон:Transliteration): A style inspired by American culture; its name can be directly translated to "American casual". It is usually bright, fun, flamboyant and multi-colored. Inspired by fictionalized images of America, the clothes are generally looser than most of the other styles. They usually have many overlapping layers. It mostly involves sweaters, bomber jackets from the early 2000s and coats such as Letterman jackets. In summer they would wear t-shirts, shorts, jeans, overalls and cargo pants. Also, they would sometimes wear their boyfriends' clothing as there was a male counterpart to the brand COCO*LULU or the similar male oriented brand Buzz Spunky, which are one of their staple brands for this style. Shoes were mostly tennis shoes, sneakers, uggs or engineer boots. Japanese fashion brands most recognized in this substyle are ANAP, COCO*LULU, BLUE MOON BLUE and Wakatsuki Chinatsu.
B-Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[11][12] A type of Gyaru that draws inspiration from the baggy street style popularized by hip-hop artists.[13] The letter B in the name is derived from the terms B-Girl and B-Boy, which are commonly used for members of the hip-hop community.[14]Шаблон:Transliteration never gained widespread popularity and was mainly associated with the store Baby Shoop. Outside of Japan, discussions and mixed feelings have emerged over time regarding potential concerns of cultural appropriation towards black culture, which is also a recurring topic towards Gyaru overseas in general.
Файл:Glam crop.jpgExamples of a Yamanba and Gyaru during the early 2000s
Шаблон:LangШаблон:IPA-ja (Шаблон:Transliteration):[21] Teenage Шаблон:Transliteration or women who continued with this style even after having children. BBC News states: 'Gal mama are young mothers who refuse to shed their gal-ness'.[22][23] They also would clothe their children in the same style, meaning a boy would look like a Шаблон:Transliteration while girls would look like a Шаблон:Transliteration, but the style would depend on the mother's personal choice of style or which subculture she belonged to. For example, Aki, a Шаблон:Transliteration leader of her own Шаблон:Transliteration named 'Brillant Lab' reveals how these mothers dressed and how they chose their children's outfits, hair and hair color to correspond to their mother's outfit. In other words, the child became a Шаблон:Transliteration's accessory. It is also telling when the leader of this Шаблон:Transliteration is a single mother which is generally how most of these Шаблон:Transliteration mothers end up or are after pregnancy.[24][25] These mothers might parent differently than most in Japan; their parenting style can be quite contemporary for the Japanese societal norms, perceptions and it has been said that it is less stressful for their children.[26]
Шаблон:LangШаблон:IPA-ja (Шаблон:Transliteration):[30] also known as Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), is one of the more over the top and one of the most expensive styles of dress of any category since it is considered essential to buy brand names such as: MA*RS, Jesus Diamante, La Parfait or Princess Melody. The substyle Шаблон:Transliteration is largely based on the Rococo era, as the Japanese word Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) which in English is the word for Шаблон:Literal translation. Шаблон:Transliteration who wear this style often wear dresses or skirts in pink or other pastel colors with many laces and bows. Rose patterns, rosettes, pearls, and crown motifs are also common. Headpieces range from large bow clips with pearls to headbands with a rose accent, while the hair is either bleached in a specific color, crimped in a bouffant at the top and curled or wigs/extension are worn to create that Шаблон:Lang or (Шаблон:Transliteration)-styled hair. This make-up style has even more exaggerated eyes than the typical Шаблон:Transliteration. Шаблон:Transliteration includes not only clothes, but many girls see it as a way of life and make or buy custom-made decor for their homes. The style blossomed in the early 2000s but has since declined or turned more casual; this version is referred to as Шаблон:Transliteration, but this style mostly uses the Japanese fashion brand Liz Lisa whose appearance and clothes are more casual than Шаблон:Transliteration. Шаблон:Transliteration participants rather use the obsolete brands such as Princess Melody, La Parfait or Jesus Diamante. Though this substyle currently persists in some fashion groups or in their circles. Not to be confused with Japanese street fashion of Lolita fashion.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): The toned down version of the Шаблон:Transliteration style. As stated above, it is referred as Шаблон:Transliteration due to being not only a toned down version of this pre-existing style but the Japanese term Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) is a shortened version of the word "casual" in Japanese Katakana. There is an obvious focus on comfort, cuteness and being effortless. This is why this style and Шаблон:Transliteration are most often lumped and mistaken together. Even today they are confused with the fashion of Cottagecore. The hair styles often resemble Шаблон:Transliteration in the sense of them having curled hair which can be long or short. The hair would be often worn down and the color would mostly be from completely bleached blonde to lighter shades of brown. Clothingwise, this style would be on the more comfortable end of the Шаблон:Transliteration spectrum but still remaining as flattering as Шаблон:Transliteration could be. Common motifs are roses and hearts and patterns that are most often seen are ginghams, florals and plaid. Colors most often used would be pink and most outfits which were or are using this style would always feature something in a pink shade. As for the relation with Шаблон:Transliteration there are fewer accessories present than that style and nails are still somewhat long but not as ostentatiously decorated as Шаблон:Transliteration. But if they were, they would not be as excessive as Шаблон:Transliteration. The style now is most ubiquitous with the use of the fashion brand Liz Lisa; rather than any other brand which had the similar feel such as Ank Rouge, TraLaLa or Titty&Co.
Файл:Japanese summer KIMONO2.jpgA woman from Susukino wearing a yukata in 2010. She is characterized as Gyaru by her hair and make-up.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[31][32][33] The term generally defines presentday Шаблон:Transliteration who dress in this manner; they wear Japanese high-school student uniforms to represent the past Шаблон:Transliteration who wore them. These uniforms would resemble them but with slight alterations such as color or presentation of the garment. Or they would be an exact replica of an actual high school uniform which could be purchased at a burusera. But the term itself did not first start as a pass time to pretend or dress as a high school student but from actual female Japanese high school students in the late 1980s and early 1990s, around the Heisei era; they wore this style during or after school sessions.[34][35] They would shorten their skirts from their high school uniform protocol length to give them a miniskirt appearance and length and wear loose socks. These socks are from an American brand, E.G. Smith, the originators of these socks.[36][37][38] That made them longer and appear larger by loosening them to the point of almost arriving at the level of their shoes. They also had dyed hair, accessorized their high school bags with danglers or mixed educational material with cosmetic products and a portable mirror. Although some of these were prohibited in Japanese high schools, some would wear it only after school but others would do it even in school and be warned for doing so. Namie Amuro is said to be not only the one who popularized the tanned appearance, but also as having started the Шаблон:Transliteration trend during the Heisei era.[39][40] The term Шаблон:Transliteration is derived from the mixing of the Japanese word Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) which means child in English and the word Шаблон:Transliteration[41][42] It is noteworthy that due to the Japanese educational system's regulations on uniforms, the uniforms varied by school, indicating higher standards in terms of grades or wealth. This mattered in Шаблон:Transliteration fashion.[43] The term of Шаблон:Transliteration is closely related to Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) or in English would be directly translated to "female high school student". It uses the word Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) which is girl and Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) highschooler in English. The importance of these two words is that often on social network servicesKanji would be abbreviated to "JK" because the first letters used in these Kanji are the letters J and K. In this case, these letters combined are not used to convey or be internet speech to refer to joking but is a direct abbreviation for the word Шаблон:Transliteration. This subculture of Шаблон:Transliteration fashion is closely related to JK business and compensated dating or Шаблон:Transliteration.[44][45]
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[46][47] The style of Шаблон:Transliteration is one that is most often compared to or confused with Шаблон:Transliteration due to the fact that both styles were brought to the Japanese public's eye attention through the bōsōzoku, yankī and Japanese biker gang culture with Шаблон:Transliteration makeup and style. The Шаблон:Transliteration magazine of choice is Soul Sister. This style can be understood by its style choice of apparel, such as track suits, greater use of denim and a generally more masculine look. The style is also known as Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) and Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration). These girls were often seen driving as a couple, were or are mechanics, and sometimes ride bikes. They tend to have tattoos and piercings. This is not only done to look rebellious but the style caters to girls who live on the edge.Файл:Shibuya Gal (2).jpgA type of Hime Gyaru in 2010. The voluminous curly hair in combination with the pink frilly outfit is typical for the style.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): Шаблон:Transliteration come from two words: romantic and Шаблон:Transliteration. The aesthetic is commonly mistaken for Cottagecore due to its use of colors, patterns and motifs. It has many similarities today in the style Шаблон:Transliteration but instead is considered a style of its own. The colors are more subtle and muted, patterns range from floral to gingham and sometimes polka dots. The style is considered one of the more relaxed and accessible styles of Шаблон:Transliteration. It is also one of the more 'casual' Шаблон:Transliteration substyles of this fashion. The style consisted of having hair color ranging from darker browns to strawberry blonde tones. The hair was often curled, wispy or had fly away hairs but retained the constrained Шаблон:Transliteration hairstyles or was simply worn down but slightly curled at the ends. The makeup is considered too simple for the most experienced Шаблон:Transliteration; it is less likely to use overtly longer nails or false lashes. As mentioned earlier, the nails are a plain color that matches the clothing worn or are French manicured. Motifs included fruit, mostly strawberries, cherries or when going towards a different primary color such as blue, blueberries. Textile prints are mostly ginghams, polka dots, florals and sometimes plaids. Other fabrics include lace on some apparel pieces but less prevalent than in the Шаблон:Transliteration style. In terms of accessories boots with heels which are mostly knee-high length, are most often seen and worn in this style.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration),[49] also often shortened to マンバ (Manba):[50] An exaggerated style characterized by an extremely dark artificial tan, messy bleached-white hair, and white makeup. Шаблон:Transliteration is said to be inspired by the Japanese yōkaiYama-uba (Шаблон:Lang) Шаблон:Literal translation, an unkempt old woman with dark skin, white hair, and a dirty, unkempt appearance, who would disguise herself as a beautiful young woman to lure male victims. Like Шаблон:Transliteration, the style was often considered to be a joke and deliberately unattractive, with some Шаблон:Transliteration saying they liked the trend "because it looked stupid."[51]Шаблон:Transliteration fashion attracted a reputation as being "unclean" or delinquent.[52]
Micro styles
Micro styles of Шаблон:Transliteration are styles which are less common or just were trends, have declined in popularity or have become obsolete.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): This look usually includes much gold and jewelry. It is similar to B-gyaru. As stated above, egg magazine did not consider this a serious style or even a style at all, but more of a joke. This might be the case since the name of this substyle might refer to the Italian word 'bimbo', which is derogatorily applied to women in English.
Шаблон:Lang (Bohemian Шаблон:Transliteration): A Шаблон:Transliteration substyle which is rarely worn and is considered less of an actual style and more of a seasonal outfit for those who participate in broader Шаблон:Transliteration fashion. It is less of a substyle restrained by rules, being mostly worn in the spring and summer seasons or for those that live in warmer climates. Since the clothing pieces are of a lighter textile, only a jacket is used for layering, and woven leather accessories such as a belt and shoes are more often seen than in other styles. Sandals are often used in this style. Unlike most of the other substyles which use more apparel that easily hold warmth, such as apparel with thicker textile or woollen materials and multiple layers of clothes for one outfit, this style is also denoted by its use of airy, denim, flower-patterned, tie-dyed and nomadic textile motifs in most of its outfits. Most apparel pieces are either maxi-dresses or knee-length dresses. The style seems inspired by late 1960s hippie fashion and takes its name from the Bohemian style of fashion.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): Just as the styles of B-Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, bibinba and even Шаблон:Transliteration are or can be somewhat frowned upon by most people who have the actual respective origin of these styles or those who suffered through what these styles can represent to the actual person of that ethnicity; such as Шаблон:Transliteration being so heavily influenced by the appearance of Rastafari; the question remains, is it appropriation or appreciation of another countries culture? For Шаблон:Transliteration the same can be said for its substyle, as this comes from the Chicano culture that even in its own history has connotations of its own; the book Comentarios Reales de los Incas has a quote that describes, evokes, shows how the actual word came to be and how it was utilized then in 1609: 'The child of a Black male and an Indian female, or of an Indian male and Black female, they call mullato and mullata. The children of these they call cholos. Cholo is a word from the Windward Islands. It means dog, not of the purebred variety, but of very disreputable origin; and the Spaniards use it for insult and vituperation.'[53][54] The style itself takes enormous influence from Chicano as many Шаблон:Transliteration wear apparel clothes that are more often than not the same as Chicano apparel or street wear. A combination of tartans, flannels, oversized t-shirts and tank tops. Accessorized with bandanas, a baseball cap, dark sunglasses, gold chains and even tattoos; which still in present-day Japan is still considered a taboo due to its past connotations. Baggy jeans are a must. There is also a Japanese music artist who exemplifies both Шаблон:Transliteration and Chicana culture, MoNa.[55][56] She has been interviewed and documented in the series from Refinery29: Style out there and also by The New York Times YouTube channel.[57][58]
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): a style of Шаблон:Transliteration consisting of reviving Шаблон:Transliteration through technology. It takes aspects of the Шаблон:Transliteration fashion substyle and then makes use of technology as a way to revamp the style. The creators of this style have created all of their items themselves, which can be LED lights or synthesizers which are used on accessories such as necklaces, loose socks which are those mostly seen on kogyarus. They would create new and different apparel pieces from the regular Шаблон:Transliteration clothing pieces since they are mixed with technological enhancements. The creators of this fashion substyle are both Kyoko from Japan and Mao from Thailand, who immigrated to Japan, and has a degree in engineering.[59][60]
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): This substyle in Шаблон:Transliteration is most often confused with the substyle Шаблон:Transliteration, as they share a similar look and use the same apparel style or motifs at first glance. However, Шаблон:Transliteration draws from Gothic fashion as its main inspiration. This substyle does not require the participant to tan themselves, unlike most of the other Шаблон:Transliteration substyles. The makeup retains the same over exaggerated and dramatic false eyelash appearance but the makeup colors are more in line with Gothic fashion, as the colors are darker or even black, and white is more predominant than in the other substyles. The fashion motifs and pieces are generally studded, leather, ripped denim, mesh or fishnet apparel pieces with the most prominent apparel colors being black, white, red, purple and any color used in actual Gothic fashion.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[61] To understand the substyle Шаблон:Transliteration, one must first understand its name's origin. The Japanese word Шаблон:Lang or written in romaji as (Шаблон:Transliteration) which in English can translate to either "flashy" or "vulgar". This substyle is the epitome of this: by its name alone this can be understood. The difference of spelling is simply for youth factor, by accentuating the vowels and adding the letter 'Y' to also not be too obvious about it. Examples of this Шаблон:Transliteration fashion substyle resemble the work of artist Lisa Frank due to their use of motifs and color, with bright neon colors from across the entire spectrum. Leopard, cheetah, zebra or anything in printed patterns to early 1990s to 2000s hip hop-inspired fashion such has 'McBling'. Clothing shape varies from very loose fitting to tight but the colors are never toned down. In terms of makeup, this Шаблон:Transliteration substyle and the substyles that range from ganguro to further are the only ones with the use of more pop in terms of color while most Шаблон:Transliteration substyles use either muted to seemingly girly colors. Most of these would be pastel colors, such as pastel pink. Creation of this Шаблон:Transliteration substyle has been credited to the egg model Kaoru Watanabe as she not only created it but also has her own brand of this fashion, JSG, the acronym for Japanese Super Girl.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[62][63] Is a Шаблон:Transliteration style that takes Шаблон:Transliteration to an even higher level than Шаблон:Transliteration or Шаблон:Transliteration. Instead of someone making their skin twice as dark as their actual skin color, it involves the use of face paint to seem as if the participant had physically dipped themselves in a colorful paint, to resemble an extraterrestrial, but with the same essential style of Шаблон:Transliteration makeup. This micro-style can be seemingly placed as a form of body art. The translation of this substyle is unique skin Шаблон:Transliteration in English. The creator of this style, Шаблон:Lang Akane states in an Arte interview:[64] 'I decided to create this style since the fact that westerns have different hair and skin colors compared to the stereotypical Japanese features of pale clear skin and black hair, so when we want to do this we have to do something drastic. So, by changing our skin color or painting it we get to liberate ourselves; it is like a therapy from makeup, we are allowed to choose our hair color and skin color'. She also states that 'There are many mixed marriage children that are subject to a number of prejudices because of their skin color or their hair color; that is why I want to help by saying loud and strong that everyone is allowed to be whom they want to be.' She also stated in an online interview[65] that: 'I decided to create this style based upon by many things apart from Шаблон:Transliteration, but also Harajuku fashion and of course the idea of extraterrestrials; of course it is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration).' In a Kotaku interview[66] she stated that she has 'longed for the interesting skin tones seen in video-games, anime, and movies'. This Шаблон:Transliteration substyle has been promoted in egg magazine.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration): Шаблон:Transliteration is separate from B-Шаблон:Transliteration and bibinba but it is considered similar due to the heavy influence of African culture. Especially Шаблон:Transliteration would most often take influence of Rastafari culture; even though it would mostly mimic the appearance of a Rastafari, which effectively results in imitation rather than culture appreciation. Шаблон:Transliteration is most often characterized by its use of the Jamaican flag as an accessory, leisure wear to sport clothing sporting a Cannabis plant symbol or Rastafari colors, handbags made of straw or anything that would resemble with the idea of what Rastafari would wear. Colors would be predominantly green, yellow and red as in the Jamaican Rastafari flag. The hair resembles B-Шаблон:Transliterations; meaning going from extensions to cornrows, micro-braids except dreadlocks, an afro and dreads would rarely appear in the B-Шаблон:Transliterations hair choices. Both styles futilely attempt to replicate these hairstyles. Also B-Шаблон:Transliterations rarely wear a Cannabis symbol in their accessories. The recurring colors of the Jamaican Rastafari flag would also be often seen in the hair of Шаблон:Transliteration as well. Bob Marley provokes interest in this crowd.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[67] The name of Шаблон:Transliteration derives from the same as Шаблон:Transliteration; both are based around romantic overtones and aesthetics, but Шаблон:Transliteration keeps the Шаблон:Transliteration makeup, the deep tan, style and aesthetic to a great effect, adding a romantic aspect to their apparel. Their choice of apparel pieces vary and Шаблон:Transliteration, as they would replace the colors worn with dolly pastels, pink lace and sundresses that are frilled. Шаблон:TransliterationШаблон:Transliterations instead of accessorizing with Lilo & Stitch, they instead accessorise mostly with characters from Disney's The Aristocats with the character Marie often used as a motif. The primary Шаблон:Transliteration fashion brands are Pinky Girls and Liz Lisa. Tanning is achieved mainly through make-up and deep-colored tanning lotions or bronzer; sunbeds are not used in as they try to keep their complexion deep but not darker than intended. They appreciate more toned down things in life than just clubbing.
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[77][78][79][80][81][82] This name was coined for Шаблон:Transliteration who wanted to revitalize the style during the 2010s during its decline. By the time the style reached popularity and people had noticed its existence, the community of Шаблон:Transliteration reacted to it differently than expected; what came was an antiquated, radical and older or more fanatical Шаблон:Transliteration accustomed to seeing Шаблон:Transliteration in a different ideal and some have even shunned the style. This reaction can also be connected with the creator of the style and magazine for this substyle Шаблон:Transliteration being the known as #N. This substyle and magazine have received backlash due to use of black, Latino and Hindu culture and culturally exclusive accessories such as the Bindi.[83] Yet Шаблон:Transliteration herself has stated in an interview on her own blog that herself, her own brand FIG&VIPER and the style she is representing within that brand have nothing to do with the Шаблон:Transliteration subculture or fashion as a whole and the style was a probable misconception from magazines and Japanese television programs implying that it was.[84][85] Even though she participated in the Шаблон:Transliteration subculture when she was young, as a model, she has stated in her own blog, 'The fashion has nothing to do with her brand.'[86] But those who were wearing said fashion were not using the same fashion style as before or in its traditional form as a substyle; from its apparel to their makeup. Previous, older and newcomers to the Шаблон:Transliteration fashion substyle perceived it as not following the traditional Шаблон:Transliteration look or values of the Шаблон:Transliteration subculture. To them it seemed more western or even resembling grunge wear[87] even though the style may resemble SeaPunk more than the actual grunge fashion it is said to resemble. The makeup was also considerably darker in terms of lipstick and the eyeshadow using more metallic or holographic textures and colors compared to earlier styles of Шаблон:Transliteration and their use of makeup which did not use these textures.
Outside of Japan, there are websites critical of western Шаблон:Transliteration participants. These websites ridicule people's looks or appearance by giving them advice on how to better wear the style. A documentary has been made on YouTube, about three different Japanese street fashion styles and three participants and the negative reactions they received.[90] Even so, in 2011, these western or Шаблон:Transliteration held their first event, the Шаблон:Transliteration Awards which was created by an English Шаблон:Transliteration with the online username Lhouraii Li. It was done to spread awareness of this style and to bring positivity back into the westernШаблон:Transliteration community.[91][92] These events were done with Lhouraii Li and they were mostly done online. They were ended in 2014 by the creator of the event, Lhouraii Li, due to online backlash against her online award show. There would not be another contest until 2016 where they were made into an event in the Netherlands and were broadcast via livestream.[93] Three years would pass until this community award ceremony would be brought back in 2019 in the United Kingdom,[94] just as in 2016 this was an in-person event and was only made into a live broadcast online for those not able to join the event. These contests were made so that one could vote for contestants within categories or subcategories of this fashion and gain Internet attention from peers by winning within a category.
During the early 2000s, most animeconventions saw a glorification of Шаблон:Transliteration and Шаблон:Transliteration presence as they held gatherings, meetings or events usually organized by their Шаблон:Transliteration and peers in these conventions in their country or where the actual gathering would be held. International and national meetings among members of the Шаблон:Transliteration community were held on an almost annual basis.[95][96]
As stated before, the Шаблон:Transliteration magazine Papillon was published in 2019, but there were two predecessors: Gyaru-go who only published on April 12, 2016, and Gal-VIP on September 1, 2012. They are both online magazines while Papillon has online and purchasable issues.
Activities
Dancing
A regular pastime for Шаблон:Transliteration is Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), a dance performed mostly with hands and legs going back and forth from left to right. When performed in a group, everyone should be evidently synchronized. It is mostly danced with Eurobeat music or covers of other songs but with the aforementioned Eurobeat remix. Such a remix is for example songs from Japanese singer ICHIDAI being a famously remixed into eurobeat and danced to.
One of the most famous parapara songs and its tagline, 'GET WILD & BE SEXY,' is synonymous with Шаблон:Transliteration culture and was a famous eurobeat song of the same name, by the group Eurocker-Girlz also abbreviated to E-Girlz.[100] Many songs that can be danced to parapara.
In 2012, the Шаблон:Transliteration model Jun Komori committed fraud and helped with said fraud on an online auction website in Japan. She worked with Ryusuge Suzuki, who was the penny orders section owner of the 'World Auction' website in Japan. She had to close her official web blog due to the backlash.[206][207]
In 2016, a Шаблон:Transliteration[208] from Canada of Chinese background who is known by her online aliases "Sheina" and "Ningyosama"[209] was arrested and sent home due to her actions to procure a residency permit for extending her stay in Japan. Knowing her travel visa for Japan had expired, she had thought that marrying someone she knew would enable her to stay longer. She worked as masseuse, a kyabakura and a fuzoku or a prostitute. But this is considered a breach of promise in marriage as she and her then partner were both in agreement to marry for money (700,000 yen as initial payment to him) and residency.[210] At the same time this news was released, varying news outlets that interviewed her were lied to, telling her side of the arrest story and skewing her reasons; this is called a providing a false statement according to the law instead of following the legal information retrieval law. Her deception also disappointed enthusiasts of Japanese styles such as lolita fashion and cosplayers. She was later deported from Japan for these actions.[211][212][213][214]
In 2014, a Шаблон:Transliteration was arrested due to multiple cases of rape to gang rape happening within its Шаблон:Transliteration[215] and this would not be the last of these malicious Шаблон:Transliteration; in 2019, another was found with the same criminal delicts acted towards the members of their group.[216]
In 2021, egg magazine created a video on their official YouTube channel by making a prank video and using domestic violence as the joke.[217] They used makeup to create fake wounds or damage that can be created from the domestic violence and by the end of the video were laughing at their prank video. All of the participants, models and the egg magazine model herself participated in the creation of the video, the decision to make it or complied in the creation of the video. The video shows the participants and models not taking domestic violence seriously. The date of the video's release was on International Women's Day as well as Women's History Month, which attracted even more criticism.[218]
Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration):[219][220][221] is not a style,[222] rather, it is a title that Шаблон:Transliteration have garnered themselves over the years because of their manner of showing and acting out towards others on the street. Especially when this title has been given by the Japanese population when asked in a survey of the most used words of the decades or buzzwords rather which are used on a daily basis. Because of their rudeness towards others, masculine character: such as drinking beer, smoking in public places, swearing, and overtly sexual manner of dress.[223]Шаблон:TransliterationШаблон:Literal translation and is used as slang to describe the most revolting Шаблон:Transliteration.
Many other manga have characters in or related to Шаблон:Transliteration. For example, Peach Girl, a manga that started publication in 1997. The 2003 manga Bijinzaka Private Girls High School or Шаблон:Transliteration, had a titular Шаблон:Transliteration character named Nonomiya En. In 2005 Шаблон:Transliteration or in English Galism: Love Supreme Sisters manga was released. In 2009, the manga KECHONPA was published, instead of being a shōjo manga, it had a drama-driven plot. Also in 2009, the anime Hime Gal Paradise ran on Japanese television and revolves around a main character who is initially ordinary but enters a high school where every student is a Шаблон:Transliteration. In 2014, the manga and anime series Please Tell Me! Galko-chan[233][234] was published. It mostly discusses topics ranging from gender differences, sexual behavior or body complexes and differences in both the female and male bodies.[235] Galko-chan, the protagonist of this manga, and her older sister are both Шаблон:Transliteration. The manga and anime After the Rain has a Шаблон:Transliteration on chapter six of the manga and on episode 3 of the anime named "Raining Tears" or Шаблон:Transliteration as an AV Idol on a VHS.[236]
A stop motion anime series named Milpom[237] was created to promote the Шаблон:Transliteration lifestyle. The mall of Shibuya 109 is shown as the first shot as the scene in the pilot and is present during its entirety. It lasted from 2015 until 2017. The voice actresses of this series consist of magazine models, including Anna Yano who appeared in mer and KERA magazines, Saki Shibata from the magazine mer as well, and the popteen models Hikari Shiina and Ai Matsumoto. Hikari Shiina voice-acting Milpom and Ai Matsumoto voicing the secondary lead, Pon-pon; after the pilot her name had been changed to Silky.[238]
When episode 6 of the mini anime series of the smartphone rhythm gameHatsune Miku: Colorful Stage! named Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) or Leo/need Style first premiered on YouTube in 2022, it was accused by American and English-speaking viewers in general of "doing/promoting blackface" and "cultural appropriation" due to a scene inspired by Шаблон:Transliteration fashion substyle of Шаблон:Transliteration perceived as being blackface. The next day, the episode was withdrawn indefinitely and a public apology in both English and Japanese was uploaded on the official Twitter account.[241][242][243] The removal of the episode is controversial and many fans of the game and show, either Japanese and American, were disappointed with the company's decision, with some blaming Sega for its "bending the knee" and "listening to outraged TwitterXTwitter users who insist that everyone should respect foreign cultures while applying and imposing their own Western prejudices, views, puritanism and imperialism against foreign media and subcultures".[244][242][245] The episode was reuploaded to YouTube on March 15, 2022, with some modifications that removed the typical tan, make-up and the previous items.[246]
Japanese television have a had an enormous amount of Шаблон:Transliteration-based content during the Heisei era. These television programs could center on Шаблон:Transliteration and even commercials employed Шаблон:Transliterations. Some of these shows were made by Шаблон:Transliteration for Шаблон:Transliteration to boost their popularity and morale as a Japanese fashion style and to do the same for the featured models. They also popularized the magazines or the stores in Shibuya 109 that appeared in these programs since they were either the producers or had a contract with the producers.
Shows that were relevant to the actual lifestyle or subculture of Шаблон:Transliteration during the Heisei era included television specials about the Шаблон:Transliteration or Шаблон:Transliterations in general. For example, the Шаблон:TransliterationAngeleek had its own episode on Japanese television, fully dedicated to their events, general outings with each-other and how they helped a younger generation participate in or join their group to continue its legacy.[254] Western Шаблон:Transliteration have also appeared on Japanese television: the Spanish Шаблон:TransliterationHysterical appeared twice, both in Spain and while visiting Japan.[255][256] The American Шаблон:TransliterationDiamond Gal appeared in a segment on a Nippon TV program.[257] This segment was created with an exaggerated situation and staged moments to provide more drama. Western Шаблон:Transliteration have appeared on Japanese television since 2013, with a whole segment of a Japanese variety broadcast dedicated to various western Шаблон:Transliteration who were either in Japan at the time or abroad.[258] Others that reflected and tried to capture the daily lifestyle of Шаблон:Transliteration on Japanese television were the Japanese FashionTV segments known as "Tokyo Girls".[259][260][261] The first episode of this series filmed a day in a shop-staff one spo daily custom. The only proof of this episode existing since FashionTV's deletion of these episodes is a tumblr with gifs of this episode.[262] On the same tumblr there is also proof in gif of the episode of the shop staff Miauler Mew being followed for that episode.[263]
Some movies either center around or have a Шаблон:Transliteration influence to give it either a cult following or for a nostalgic factor for those who participated in Шаблон:Transliteration.
In 2009, Japanese model Шаблон:Transliteration from the magazine Шаблон:Transliteration appeared in her own film, 'GIRL'S LIFE'.[265] The protagonist in Шаблон:Transliteration is also a Шаблон:Transliteration. A renowned scene in the movie is Haruka having to choose a name for herself since she started working as a hostess in a kyabakura and after a minor disagreement with the hostess bar's manager regarding the nickname she originally proposed, she reluctantly decides to be nicknamed Шаблон:Transliteration, a reference to the magazine for which she models.
Men's egg created in 2011 a movie that is reminiscent of "kamikaze girls" premise; two people from completely different sides of life have to befriend or even help each-other. The movie "men's egg drummers"[266][267][268][269] is about the young teen named Keita who was suddenly become the overseer of a shrine after he's father inexplicably falls ill. Keita has to now find new members for a taiko drumming performance before an annual festival.
Many characters from various Japanese media have a Шаблон:Transliteration connection. For example, in the Yakuza series, especially in its third iteration, Yakuza 3. It debuted a side-mission which would then be included with its gameplay and features in later sequels. Where in fictional Шаблон:Transliteration or as the game refers to it as Шаблон:Transliteration, the player would need to recruit women to join a hostess club. These women were actual Шаблон:Transliteration from the magazine Koakuma Ageha. These models are used as actual character models in the game; their whole appearance was replicated to the smallest detail to have them created and placed as 3D characters. These models from Koakuma Ageha are Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration, Шаблон:Transliteration and Шаблон:Transliteration. They have even been compared to their replicated three-dimensional counterparts.[280] These characters would become hostess of these fictional hostess clubs; if the player chooses to do this side-mission and complete it. But the hostess club section of the game first appeared in Yakuza 2 in the sense of visiting the clubs themselves and not in the similar way as in the third game where the player recruited actual members for the clubs. They even have their own magazine in the games called Kamutai Magazine which is also replica of the actual magazine Koakuma Ageha.[281] This content was omitted in the Western releases of Yakuza 3.
The Wagamama Fashion: Girls Mode series,[284] known as Style Savvy and Style Boutique in North America and the PAL region respectively, is based on multiple Japanese street fashion subcultures and has a main focus on brands and selling apparel. The video game has a variety of brands and styles but also some of these that can be interpreted as mimicking or representing some Шаблон:Transliteration fashion brands. For example, the in-game apparel brand AZ*USA (AZ-USA in the West) has a striking resemblance to the Шаблон:Transliteration brand D.I.A.; another would be the brand CherryBerry (April bonbon in the West) also having its own representation of the Шаблон:Transliteration style. Most probable inspiration would be the Шаблон:Transliteration brand COCO*LULU.
The video-game franchise Animal Crossing by Nintendo also had a Шаблон:Transliteration, but she only appeared in a spin-off game of this series. Specifically the Animal Crossing: Happy Home Designer on the Nintendo 3DS, the character named Lottie appears in that video game for the first time, she is a character represented as an otter. After multiple encounters with her, there will be an in-game event on the third day of gameplay, where her uncle Lyle will state himself that she wears too much makeup in a game dialogue and in a later in-game event she can even be found without her makeup. She will state to the player character, that it was due to the fact she woke up too late for work but would often wear her makeup to impress a male colleague; the colleague's name in game is Digby.[285][286] She also appears in Animal Crossing: amiibo festival on the Wii U. Here are her looks on in-game.[287] This character has recently been added to the Nintendo Switch version of Animal Crossing, Animal Crossing: New Horizons, through the paid downloadable content of Animal Crossing: Happy Home Paradise.
The Super Gals! anime series had its own video game, it is a series of threequels published in 2001 and 2002; produced by Konami for the Game Boy color and the PlayStation.[296] The anime series Hime Gal Paradise also had its own video game[297] on the Nintendo 3DS published by Nippon Columbia-games.[298]
On the Internet, there are many makeup tutorials and event videos of Шаблон:Transliteration meeting each other on YouTube. Many videos discuss this fashion subculture, such as article videos, history videos, makeovers and questionnaire videos.[299][300] Also the only way to take a look into the Heisei era Шаблон:Transliteration period and how Shibuya's famous mall, Shibuya 109 looked like then from the inside and out is through the YouTube channel: TokyoFashionMoEStyle,[301] a YouTube channel established in August 2012. From September to December 2012, it posted a series of videos examining Shibuya's Шаблон:Transliteration fashion style and publicising the stores that were then in Shibuya 109. It was presented by Japanese JELLY magazine model Шаблон:Transliteration. Another YouTube channel dedicated to Шаблон:Transliteration culture, especially towards the Шаблон:Transliterationmama subculture, would be the Japanese YouTube channel 'kaorimama1'.[302] This channel was established in June 2010, and published videos from 2010 until 2012. It had many and a series of episodes dedicated to the Шаблон:Transliterationmama lifestyle called BeMamaTV.[303] This series had a show that would be published online in three parts and it debuted in 2010 and lasted until 2012. It is unclear if this YouTube channel had any commercial ties with the Шаблон:Transliteration magazine I LOVE MAMA or if it was its own channel. Another channel with a multitude of content on Шаблон:Transliteration is Travel i TV,[304] featuring of reuploads of a Japanese television program about traveling abroad with Шаблон:Transliterations. There is also a video that has been uploaded by the YouTube channel of the older women's magazine Шаблон:Transliteration as the Jinsin channel; that has the twins Шаблон:Transliteration and Шаблон:Transliteration giving a make-over to an elderly women to resemble them.[305]
There are many advertisements for wigs from Japanese companies with endorsements by Шаблон:Transliteration models.
There are three notable wig brands Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration), Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) and Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) (in English they are written as Aquadoll, LOVES WIG and Prisila). Aquadoll made a commercial featuring many Шаблон:Transliteration models and actresses to promote their various wigs.[314] LOVES WIG made multiple commercials for wigs created with popteen model Kumiko Funayama's endorsement.[315] And Prisila made a commercial with the endorsement of popteen model Nana Suzuki for a smaller array of wigs such as clip-on bangs and clip-on extensions.[316] Prisila is also known for its taglines that have appeared in Japanese television and Шаблон:Transliteration magazines as well, such as 'No wig, no life!'.[317]
During the movement's heyday, electronic hair tools and accessories were created for Шаблон:Transliteration. Шаблон:Transliteration endorsed the TsuyaGla Perfect portable hair straightener collection which was produced by the brand Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Transliteration) Шаблон:Literal translation. It is a hair straightener including accessories such as plastic covers to create curls with them to almost the same effect as a hair curl with a hair curler. They were produced in candy pink, midnight navy and virgin white.[324] CJ Prime shopping also made a professional version of the TsuyaGla Perfect hair straightener with the endorsement of Шаблон:Transliteration as Шаблон:Transliteration model.[325] This version being simply called: TsuyaGla Pro. The same Japanese company have also made a wave hair curling iron and regular curling iron with Шаблон:Transliteration as the endorser, this time the product is called TsuyaGla Wave and TsuyaGla Curl.[326]
In 2021 a selection of gashapon were released to the market. They were made to resemble various folded origami paper cranes which are made by Шаблон:Transliteration. Their poor appearance was noticed by the Japanese public. But these origami were made to have this appearance due to the artificial nails of the Шаблон:Transliteration who made them.[327] To add to these gashapons variety and rarity of these gashapon is the fact that though the set is only five colored variations, they are all even the duplicates entirely different from each other because they are handmade. Each also comes with a philosophical question or phrase when collecting one of these Шаблон:Transliteration hand-made origami cranes.[328] In 2022 Шаблон:Transliteration magazine egg produced a series of capsule toys for both Шаблон:Transliteration and collectors. The selection of these capsule toys range from six different magazine covers made into keychains, plastic pins with Шаблон:Transliteration slang and new models from the magazine in metal pins with the added bonus of all of these variants having an added magazine logo as a sticker.[329] On September 14, 2022, Sanrio made a collection of 17 items based on Шаблон:Transliteration subculture. What is available are four mascots in keychains, accessory cases and hair clips.[330][331][332][333] A collaborative commercial between Russia and Japan was made with a photoshoot with model Шаблон:Transliteration the Russian mascot Cheburashka.[334]
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