Английская Википедия:HMS Jason (1800)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Jason was a 36-gun fifth-rate Penelope-class frigate, launched in 1800. She served the entirety of her career in the English Channel, mostly in the frigate squadron of Commodore Charles Cunningham. Serving off the coast of France, especially around Le Havre and Cherbourg, she captured several French privateers and recaptured a British merchant ship in a cutting out expedition. Having only been in commission for around fifteen months, Jason was wrecked off the coast of St Malo on 21 July 1801. Her crew were saved and later exchanged, and in August her wreck was burned to prevent the French from rescuing it.

Design and construction

Jason was a 36-gun, 18-pounder, fifth-rate Penelope-class frigate, designed by Sir John Henslow on 4 May 1797.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp She was one of three ships of the class to be built.Шаблон:Sfnp They were the largest 36-gun frigates designed by the British during the French Revolutionary War.Шаблон:Sfnp This large size came about, despite them not being the most heavily armed frigates of the period, because there was a need in the blockading fleets in the English Channel for large, tough frigates that would be able to survive the rough weather that placed considerable stress on the timbers of ships. Fast frigates that had necessarily been built lighter were found to not operate well in these conditions, and so speed was sacrificed for strength specifically for these services.Шаблон:Sfnp

Ordered to George Parsons' shipyard at Bursledon on 15 September 1798, Jason was laid down in October, named on 15 November, and launched on 27 January 1800 with the following dimensions:Шаблон:Refn Шаблон:Convert along the upper deck, Шаблон:Convert at the keel, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a depth in the hold of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfnp Her draught was Шаблон:Convert forwards and Шаблон:Convert aft, with the ship measuring 1,052Шаблон:Small tons burthen (the average 36-gun frigate was only 950 tons).Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Jason was fitted out at Portsmouth Dockyard between 30 January and 28 May.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfnp

The frigate was crewed by 274 men; while her class was laid out as holding thirty-six long guns, Jason was instead armed with thirty long guns and fourteen carronades. Twenty-six 18-pounders were held on the upper deck, with two 9-pounders and ten 32-pounder carronades on the quarterdeck. On the forecastle there were two more 9-pounders and a further four 32-pounder carronades.Шаблон:Sfnp The carronades took up all the broadside locations on the quarterdeck and forecastle, leaving the four 9-pounders as chase guns.Шаблон:Sfnp

The original planned armament which favoured more 9-pounders was adjusted to its more carronade-centric focus for Jason on 17 June 1799.Шаблон:Sfnp This meant she differed considerably from the name-ship of the class, HMS Penelope, which was provided with the standard armament and as such had fewer 32-pounder carronades (eight) and more 9-pounder long guns (eight).Шаблон:Sfnp The class had actually been designed by Henslow to hold 6-pounders instead of 9-pounders, but this was an oversight on his part, as an Admiralty Order of 25 April 1780 had decreed that all future 36- and 38-gun frigates were to have 9-pounders, and he later corrected his design error, with JasonШаблон:'s build being adjusted on 30 October 1798.Шаблон:Sfnp

Service

Jason was commissioned mid-way through her fitting out process, in March 1800, by Captain Joseph Sydney Yorke.Шаблон:Sfnp She sailed from Portsmouth Dockyard on 28 May, the same day the process was completed.Шаблон:Sfnp Jason later on sailed as escort to a convoy of ships headed for Botany Bay and the East Indies, but with the wind against them they spent almost the entirety of November sheltering at Cowes; the convoy finally sailed on 19 November. Having returned from this duty, Jason began to serve in the English Channel as part of a squadron of eight frigates commanded by Commodore Charles Cunningham, frequently sailing on cruises out of Portsmouth.Шаблон:Sfnp She captured the French 14-gun privateer La Venus off Cherbourg on 18 January 1801.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp In early March she detained the Danish brig Bontine while sailing with the 46-gun frigate HMS Loire, taking the vessel in to Portsmouth. Jason and Loire returned to sea on 14 March; at some point under Yorke Jason also captured the French privateer Le Poisson Volant.Шаблон:Sfnp

By the beginning of April Yorke had left Jason, and he was temporarily replaced by Lieutenant Woodley Losack who served as her acting captain.Шаблон:Sfnp Serving off Le Havre, on 1 April Jason and the 28-gun frigate HMS Lapwing chased two French frigates that had escaped the port, but the French ships reached Cherbourg before they could be caught. Staying in consort with Lapwing, the two frigates recaptured the British merchant vessel Trafficker on 2 April; she had been taken into Cherbourg by her French capturer, and from there Jason and Lapwing cut her out.Шаблон:Sfnp On 15 April Jason detained the Danish merchant vessel Hoffnung, sending her in to Plymouth. She then captured the French 14-gun privateer Le Dovad on 1 May. Soon afterwards Losack's acting command came to an end, and he handed Jason over to Captain Volant Vashon Ballard later in the month.Шаблон:Sfnp Ballard was ordered to take Jason cruising, but no prizes are recorded as being taken during this time, with the ship also involved in convoy protection duties.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

Captain the Honourable John Murray replaced Ballard in around July of the same year, and Jason continued to serve in the English Channel. On 21 July the frigate was wrecked on a rock off St Malo.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp The weather at the time of the incident was good, described by historian Terence Grocott as a "beautiful day", and the entire crew was saved with help from the local French population. Jason however was irrecoverable, and Murray and the rest of her crew were taken as prisoners of war.Шаблон:Sfnp

Jason was still a part of Cunningham's squadron, and the commodore organised for her crew to be exchanged at Portsmouth soon afterwards.Шаблон:Sfnp Jason was still grounded on 5 August, but with the French making efforts to recover the frigate and her armament, Lieutenant Ross of the 16-gun brig-sloop HMS Weazle made an attempt to burn her wreck. He was forced to abort this because of the rising tide that made setting a fire impossible.Шаблон:Sfnp On the following day Cunningham sent in more boats to assist in the destruction, this time commanded by Lieutenant William Mounsey with assistance from two gun-brigs, the 12-gun HMS Insolent and 14-gun HMS Liberty. The boats succeeded in burning Jason where she lay, while under fire from two French batteries.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Having been exchanged, Murray was court martialled for the loss of Jason on 20 August, but he and his officers were acquitted.

Prizes

Vessels captured or destroyed for which JasonШаблон:'s crew received full or partial credit
Date	Ship	Nationality	Type	Fate	Ref.
18 January 1801	La Venus	Файл:Flag of France.svg French	14-gun privateer	Captured	Шаблон:Sfnp
March 1801	Bontine	Файл:Flag of Denmark.svg Danish	Merchant brig	Detained
2 April 1801	Trafficker	Файл:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British	Merchant vessel	Recaptured	Шаблон:Sfnp
15 April 1801	Hoffnung	Файл:Flag of Denmark.svg Danish	Merchant vessel	Detained
Before May 1801	Le Poisson Volant	Файл:Flag of France.svg French	Privateer	Captured	Шаблон:Sfnp
1 May 1801	Le Dovad	Файл:Flag of France.svg French	14-gun privateer	Captured	Шаблон:Sfnp

References

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite RNB1823
• Шаблон:Cite RNB1823
• Шаблон:Cite thesis
• Шаблон:Cite book