Английская Википедия:HMS Trent (1796)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsHMS Trent was a fifth-rate sailing frigate of 36 guns, built for the Royal Navy and launched in February 1796. She was 925 Шаблон:Small tons burthen (bm) and carried a main battery of twenty-six Шаблон:Convert long guns. She and her sister ship Шаблон:HMS were constructed from pitch pine rather than oak.
First commissioned in March 1796 for service in the North Sea, Trent was briefly involved in the fleet mutinies of 1797, when her crew refused to set sail from Great Yarmouth on 22 May. They returned to duty when Admiral Adam Duncan's flagship came alongside and threatened to open fire. When Duncan sailed to meet the Dutch fleet, Trent was one of only four loyal ships that went with him, and kept the enemy in port by making signals to a fleet that did not exist. In November, Trent sailed for the Leeward Islands where, on 30 March 1799, she and Шаблон:HMS captured a Spanish ship and schooner in a cutting out expedition off Puerto Rico. Two other schooners were scuttled by their Spanish crews during the battle. In October 1800, while serving in the English Channel, TrentШаблон:'s crew took part in another boat action when they boarded a cutter and a lugger off the Ile de Brehat.
Trent spent her last years as a fifth rate, in the West Indies. She returned home in June 1803, to be fitted as a hospital ship. Stationed at Cork, she served as flagship to the Commanders-in-chief on the Coast of Ireland Station. In November 1815, she was converted to a receiving ship. She remained at Cork until February 1823, when she was taken to Haulbowline and broken up.
Construction and armament
HMS Trent was one of four 36-gun, 18-pounder, Amazon-class frigates built for the Royal Navy, to a design by William Rule.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfnp Frigates of the period were three-masted, full-rigged ships that carried their main battery on a single, continuous gun deck. They were smaller and faster than ships of the line and primarily intended for raiding, reconnaissance and messaging.[1][2] Since late 1778, those of 36 or 38 guns with a main armament of 18-pounder long guns, had become the standard in the Royal Navy and by 1793, when the French Revolutionary War began, it was not unusual for them to be close to 1000 tons burthen (bm).[3]
Trent and her sister ship Шаблон:HMS were ordered on 24 January 1795 to be built from pitch pine rather than oak.Шаблон:Sfnp The shortage of timber, and in particular oak, was a constant problem for the Royal Navy in the 18th and 19th centuries.[4] Softwoods were easier to work and did not require as much seasoning so fir-built frigates could be produced quicker.[5] They were not as strong however, and did not last as long as their oak-built counterparts.[6]
Work began in March at Woolwich Dockyard when TrentШаблон:'s keel of Шаблон:Convert was laid down. As built, her dimensions were Шаблон:Convert along the gun deck with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a depth in hold of Шаблон:Convert, making her 925 Шаблон:Small tons burthen (bm).Шаблон:Sfnp
Trent was a fifth rate, built to carry a main battery of twenty-six Шаблон:Convert long guns on her gun deck, eight Шаблон:Convert on the quarter deck and two on the forecastle. She additionally carried eight Шаблон:Convert carronades, six on the quarter deck and two on the forecastle. Шаблон:Efn Carronades were lighter so could be manoeuvred with fewer men, and had a faster rate of fire but had a much shorter range than the long gun.[7] When fully manned, Amazon-class frigates had a complement of 264Шаблон:Sfnp but due to a perpetual shortage of seamen during periods of war, Trent averaged a crew of less than 248 throughout her career.[8]
Service
Trent was first commissioned in March 1796 for service in the North Sea, under Captain Edward Bowater, who later became Admiral, and father to Edward Bowater.Шаблон:Sfnp[9] Following her completion on 25 May, Trent was sent to the Great Yarmouth where she joined Admiral Adam Duncan's North Sea Fleet and in September, Trent came under the temporary command of acting captain John Gore.Шаблон:Sfnp[8]
On 22 May 1797, during the Nore Mutiny, TrentШаблон:'s crew disobeyed an order to set sail but returned to duty after Duncan, in Шаблон:HMS, threatened to open fire on them.[8] When word was received that the Dutch fleet was making ready to leave its base at Texel, the North Sea Fleet was confounded by contrary winds and could not sail. When it finally left its anchorage on 29 May, most of the ships deserted, either returning to Yarmouth or sailing to join the mutineers at the Nore. Only Duncan’s flagship, along with the ship-of-the-line Шаблон:HMS, and the frigates Шаблон:HMS and Trent remained loyal. When the four ships reached Texel, Duncan sent Circe and Trent to cruise off the island in full sight of the enemy while making bogus signals to a non-existent fleet. The ploy worked and the Dutch fleet remained in port.[8]
On 26 June 1797, while still under Gore, Trent captured the privateer, Poisson Volant Шаблон:Convert east of Yarmouth. She was a 14-gun lugger 18 days out of Le Havre and had already taken two prizes. The crew had thrown the guns overboard in an attempt to lighten the load and escape.Шаблон:Sfnp[10] Captain Richard Bagot assumed command in October 1797, and in November, sailed Trent to the Leeward Islands. Bagot died in the June following and was replaced with Captain Robert Ottoway, on the Jamaica Station.Шаблон:Sfnp Trent captured a small prize in July 1798 then in February 1799, while still in the West Indies, Trent and Шаблон:HMS, captured a 14-gun privateer, Penada.Шаблон:Sfnp
Trent, in company with Шаблон:HMS, was cruising off Puerto Rico on 30 March 1799, when several Spanish vessels were spotted in a bay near Cabo Rojo.[11][12] The Spanish flotilla, comprising a merchant ship and three schooners, was riding at anchor in the shoal water, under the protection of a five-gun shore battery. Boats from Trent and Sparrow were sent in a cutting out expedition. Sparrow, being of shallower draught, was able to get close enough to provide covering fire, while marines and seamen were landed to deal with the shore guns. In the meantime, the remainder of the crews boarded and captured the Spanish ship and one of the schooners. Two other schooners were scuttled by their Spanish crews.[11][12] A little further up the coast, in June, the French schooner, Triumphant, was captured in a bay near Agauda. Two cutters from Trent were sent in and emerged a little later with the prize in tow.[13][14] More success followed in March 1800 when a Spanish privateer was captured by Trent.Шаблон:Sfnp
In October 1800, Captain Edward Hamilton was appointed to Trent in the English Channel and given command of a small squadron blockading the French ports of St Malo, Cherbourg and Le Havre.Шаблон:Sfnp[15] On 3 April 1801, Trent was anchored off the Ile de Brehat. At dawn, a French ship, a cutter and a lugger were seen sailing towards Paimpol. Hamilton immediately sent TrentШаблон:'s boats in pursuit. The French ship was initially taken in tow by the cutter and boats dispatched from the shore but was cast off when a battle seemed inevitable. The action ended when the French were driven onto the rocks and TrentШаблон:'s crew boarded the drifting ship. She turned out to be an ex-British merchantman that had been taken as a prize.[16]
Trent, the 36-gun Шаблон:HMS and the 10-gun cutter Шаблон:HMS, were off Jersey on 20 April, when a lugger was spotted. After a ten-hour chase the French privateer was captured near St Aubin's Bay. She turned out to be the 10-gun Renard, from St Malo.Шаблон:Sfnp[17] On 22 January 1802, Hamilton was court-martialled for cruelty, having had an elderly gunner tied in TrentШаблон:'s rigging. After an hour-and-a-half, the man was cut down, having fainted from the extreme cold. Hamilton was dismissed by the Admiralty but was later reinstated.[18]
| Flag officers aboard Trent while stationed at Cork | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Officer | Years | ||||
| Admiral Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner | 1803–1804 | ||||
| Rear-Admiral William O'Bryen Drury | 1805 | ||||
| Admiral Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner | 1806 | ||||
| Admiral Sir James Hawkins-Whitshed | 1807–1810 | ||||
| Vice-Admiral Edward Thornbrough | 1810–1813 | ||||
| Vice-Admiral Sir Herbert Sawyer | 1813–1815 | ||||
On 13 February 1803, Trent sailed for Jamaica once again, under a new captain, Charles Brisbane. Isaac Wooley and after, James Katon served as captains before Trent returned to home waters in June to be recommissioned under Commander Walter Grosset and fitted as a hospital ship at Plymouth. The work took until August. Trent was then dispatched to Cork where she served as flagship to successive commanders-in-chief on the Coast of Ireland Station.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfnp She was commissioned twice more, under Commander Thomas Young in 1811 and Commander G. Lampriere in 1813 but remained a hospital ship and flagship at Cork until 1815.Шаблон:Sfnp
Later service and fate
In November 1815, the Admiralty issued an order that Trent was to be laid up. She continued to serve at Cork as a receiving ship until February 1823, when she was taken to Haulbowline and broken up.Шаблон:Sfnp
Notes
Citations
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Gardiner (2004) p. 56
- ↑ Gardiner (2012) p. 76
- ↑ Lavery (1992) p. 62
- ↑ Gardiner 2004
- ↑ Gardiner (2012) p. 102
- ↑ Henry pp. 13–17
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Coates, McDougal p. 227
- ↑ Dod p.127
- ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 James (Vol. II) p. 487
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:London Gazette
- ↑ Coates, McDougal p. 36
- ↑ Slope p. 26
- ↑ O'Byrne p. 451
- ↑ James (Vol. III) p. 142
- ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
- ↑ Clowes (Vol. IV) p. 159
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