Английская Википедия:HS-376
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox spacecraft class
The Boeing 376 (sometimes referred to as the BSS-376, and previously as the HS-376) is a communications satellite bus introduced in 1978 by Hughes Space and Communications Company. It was a spin-stabilized bus that the manufacturer falsely claims was the first standardized platform.[1][2] The Lockheed "Standard Agena" had been in use for more than two decades when the first HS-376 was launched.
Design
The satellite bus was designed and manufactured by Hughes. This spin-stabilized platform had two main sections. The spinning section was kept rotating at 50 rpm to maintain attitude, and a despun section was used by the payload to maintain radio coverage.[3][4]
The spinning section included the apogee kick motor, most of the attitude control, the power subsystem and the command and telemetry subsystems. The despun section contained the communications payload, including the antennas and transponders.[3][4]
The stock version had a launch mass of Шаблон:Convert, a mass of Шаблон:Convert after reaching geostationary orbit and an 8 to 10-year design life. When stowed for launch, its dimensions were Шаблон:Convert in height and Шаблон:Convert in diameter. With its solar panels fully extended its height was Шаблон:Convert.[5][6][4]
Its power system generated approximately 1,100 to 1,200 watts of power at beginning of life, thanks to two cylindrical solar panels. The bottom panel was retracted around the body and top panel for launch, and extended downwards for operation. It also had two NiCd batteries for solar eclipses.[5][6][4]
Versions
There were four variations of this platform:
- HS-376: The original version of the platform was launched in 1977. It had a mass between Шаблон:Convert.[2]
- HS-376L: The Longer life version of the platform was launched in 1991. It had reduced power of 700 Watts and reduced electronics weight, which allowed for increased station keeping propellant supply. This lengthened the design life to 13.5 years.[2][7][5]
- HS-376HP: A Higher Power version of the platform was launched in 1995. It had a mass between Шаблон:Convert.[2]
- HS-376W: The Wide version of the platform was launched in 1990. It was wider, more powerful and modernized electronics. It was a joint development with INPE. It had a diameter of Шаблон:Convert and more power.[2][8][9]
Satellites
The HS-376 was a very successful satellite platform with 58 satellites ordered, built and launched. It was also the first satellite to launch from the Space Shuttle.[2]
Satellite | Other names | Operator | Model | Ordered | Launch | Launch vehicle | Launch result | Mass (kg) at... | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Launch | BOL | |||||||||
SBS 1 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1980-11-15 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
SBS 2 | HS-376 | 1977 | 1981-09-24 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Westar 4 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1982-02-26 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
Westar 5 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1982-06-09 | Delta-3910/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1100 | 582 | |||
Anik D1 | HS-376 | 1982-08-26 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 634 | ||||
Anik C3 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 563 | |||
SBS 3 | HS-376 | 1981 | 1982-11-11 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Anik C2 | Nahuel I2 | HS-376 | 1978 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
Palapa B1 | Palapa Pacific 1 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-06-18 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
Galaxy 1 | HS-376 | 1983-06-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Telstar 301 | Arabsat-1E | HS-376 | 1980 | 1983-07-28 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 653 | ||
Galaxy 2 | HS-376 | 1983-09-22 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Palapa B2 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Failure | 1200 | 692 | Launched along Westar 6. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
Westar 6 | HS-376 | 1984-02-03 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Failure | 1244 | 582 | Launched along Palapa B2. PAM-D failed to ignite, Shuttle recovered the satellite. Was relaunched as AsiaSat 1. | |||
SBS 4 | HGS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | |
Telstar 302 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1984-08-30 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
Galaxy 3 | HS-376 | 1984-09-21 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 709 | ||||
Anik D2 | Satcom 4R Arabsat 1D |
HS-376 | 1984-11-08 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 634 | |||
Brasilsat-A1 | SBTS 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-02-08 | Ariane 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1195 | Шаблон:NA | ||
Anik C1 | Nahuel I1 Brasil 1T |
HS-376 | 1978 | 1985-04-12 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 563 | ||
Morelos 1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
Telstar 303 | HS-376 | 1980 | 1985-06-17 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 653 | |||
Aussat A1 | Optus A1 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-08-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
Aussat A2 | Optus A2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1250 | 654 | ||
Morelos 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1985-11-27 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1140 | 647 | |||
Brasilsat-A2 | SBTS 2 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1986-03-28 | Ariane 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1195 | Шаблон:NA | ||
Palapa B2P | Palapa B3 Agila 1 |
HS-376 | 1984 | 1987-03-20 | Delta-3920/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 692 | [4][11] | |
Aussat A3 | Optus A3 | HS-376 | 1982 | 1987-09-16 | Ariane 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1250 | 696 | ||
SBS 5 | HS-376 | 1983 | 1988-09-08 | Ariane 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1117 | 540 | [6][10] | ||
Marcopolo 1 | Sirius 1 Sirius W |
HS-376 | 1987 | 1989-08-27 | Delta-4925 | Шаблон:Success | 1250 | 660 | ||
AsiaSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-07 | Long March 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1244 | 582 | Was Westar 6, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as AsiaSat 1. | |||
Palapa B2R | NewSat 1 | HS-376 | 1990-04-13 | Delta-6925-8 | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 692 | Was Palapa B2, but the launch on Space Shuttle failed. It was recovered and launched again as Palapa B2R.[4][11] | ||
Marcopolo 2 | Thor 1 | HS-376 | 1987 | 1990-08-18 | Delta-6925-8 | Шаблон:Success | 1250 | 662 | ||
Prowler | HS-376 | 1990-11-15 | Shuttle/PAM-D | Шаблон:Success | Шаблон:NA | Шаблон:NA | ||||
Galaxy 5 | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-03-14 | Atlas I | Шаблон:Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
Palapa B4 | HS-376 | 1992-05-14 | Delta-7925-8 | Шаблон:Success | 1200 | 692 | [4] | |||
Galaxy 1R | HS-376 | 1989 | 1992-08-22 | Atlas I | Шаблон:Failure | 1390 | 788 | Launch failure | ||
Galaxy 6 | Westar 6S | HS-376 | 1983 | 1992-10-12 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1390 | 709 | ||
Thaicom 1 | Thaicom 1A | HS-376L | 1991 | 1993-12-18 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | |
Galaxy 1R2 | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-02-19 | Delta-7925-8 | Шаблон:Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
APSTAR-1 | ZX-5E | HS-376 | 1992 | 1994-07-21 | Long March 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
Brasilsat B1 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1994-08-10 | Ariane-44LP | Шаблон:Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
Thaicom 2 | HS-376L | 1991 | 1994-10-07 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1080 | 629 | [5] | ||
Brasilsat B2 | HS-376W | 1990 | 1995-03-28 | Ariane-44LP | Шаблон:Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
MEASAT-1 | AFRICASAT-1 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-01-12 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
Galaxy 9 | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-05-24 | Delta-7925 | Шаблон:Success | 1390 | 788 | |||
APSTAR-1A | ZX-5D | HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-07-03 | Long March 3 | Шаблон:Success | 1400 | 726 | ||
ZX 7 | Chinasat-7 HGS 2 |
HS-376 | 1995 | 1996-08-18 | Long March 3 | Шаблон:Failure | 1384 | 734 | Launch failure | |
MEASAT-2 | AFRICASAT-2 | HS-376 | 1994 | 1996-11-13 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1450 | 886 | ||
BSAT-1a | HS-376 | 1993 | 1997-04-16 | Ariane-44LP | Шаблон:Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
Thor 2 | HS-376HP | 1995 | 1997-05-20 | Delta-7925 | Шаблон:Success | 1467 | 853 | |||
Brasilsat B3 | HS-376W | 1995 | 1998-02-04 | Ariane-44LP | Шаблон:Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
BSAT-1b | HS-376 | 1993 | 1998-04-28 | Ariane-44P | Шаблон:Success | 1236 | 723 | [3] | ||
Thor 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-06-10 | Delta-7925 | Шаблон:Success | 1451 | 853 | |||
Sirius 3 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-10-05 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1465 | 815 | |||
Bonum 1 | HS-376HP | 1997 | 1998-11-22 | Delta-7925 | Шаблон:Success | 1425 | 793 | |||
Brasilsat B4 | HS-376W | 1998 | 2000-08-17 | Ariane-44LP | Шаблон:Success | 1757 | 1052 | [8][9] | ||
Astra 2D | HS-376HP | 1999 | 2000-12-20 | Ariane 5G | Шаблон:Success | 1445 | 824 | |||
Astra 3A | HS-376HP | 2000 | 2002-03-29 | Ariane-44L | Шаблон:Success | 1514 | 908 | |||
eBird 1 | Eurobird 3 Eutelsat 33A Eutelsat 31A |
HS-376HP | 2000 | 2003-09-27 | Ariane 5G | Шаблон:Success | 1530 | 895 |
See also
References
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