Английская Википедия:Halifax (UK Parliament constituency)

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Halifax is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Holly Lynch of the Labour Party.

Boundaries

Шаблон:Maplink 1918–1983: The County Borough of Halifax.

1983–2010: The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale wards of Illingworth, Mixenden, Northowram and Shelf, Ovenden, St John's, Skircoat, Sowerby Bridge, Town, and Warley.

2010–present: The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale wards of Illingworth and Mixenden, Northowram and Shelf, Ovenden, Park, Skircoat, Sowerby Bridge, Town, and Warley.

This constituency covers the large town of Halifax in West Yorkshire and includes the smaller town of Sowerby Bridge which adjoins Halifax but until 1974 was a separate Urban District.

Proposed

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, the composition of the constituency from the next general election, due by January 2025, will be unchanged, apart from the gain of part of the Ryburn ward (polling districts MB, MC and MD) from Calder Valley.

History

The parliamentary borough was granted in the Great Reform Act 1832 and returned from that year until 1918 two members. A county borough recognized the density of the developed area in 1888 which provided most functions for inhabitants, retaining the West Yorkshire ceremonial county. The municipal or county borough was under a mayor, five aldermen and 45 councillors and had an area of Шаблон:Convert.

At the time of the Norman Conquest, Halifax formed part of the extensive manor of Wakefield, which belonged to the king, but in the 13th century was in the hands of John Earl de Warrenne aka. Earl of Surrey (1231–1304). The prosperity of the town began with the first woollen products workshop established here in 1414, when there are said to have been only thirteen houses, which before the end of the 16th century had increased to 520. Camden, about the end of the 17th century, wrote that "the people are very industrious, so that though the soil about it be barren and improfitable, not fit to live on, they have so flourished ... by the clothing trade that they are very rich and have gained a reputation for it above their neighbours." The manufacturing standards and trade were improved by the arrival of certain merchants and clothworkers driven from the Spanish Netherlands by the persecution by the Duke of Alva.

Halifax was a borough by prescription rather than a medieval parliamentary borough, its privileges growing up with the increased prosperity brought by the cloth trade, but it was not incorporated until 1848. From 1832 until 1918 the town's property-qualifying residents paying scot and lot returned two members to parliament.

Constituency profile

As of 2001, the town in the Pennines was relatively affluent, not afflicted by the high levels of unemployment, underemployment and crime seen in a few wards of the Yorkshire and Humber region but most constituents had modest incomes and there was some social housing in certain wards. Since 1987 the MP has represented the Labour Party; before that date for four years it was held by a Conservative MP, but generally since the Second World War it has been a Labour seat.

Prior to the 2017 general election, the Conservative Party launched its election manifesto at Dean Clough Mill in Halifax, and targeted the seat fairly heavily, for two years earlier the Labour majority in the constituency had fallen to just 428 votes, or 1% of the total vote. However, Lynch increased her majority by almost 5,000 votes, giving Labour its biggest majority in Halifax since 2001.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1832–1918

Election	1st Member		1st Party	2nd Member		2nd Party
1832	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Rawdon Briggs	Whig	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Charles Wood	Whig
1835	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	James Stuart-Wortley	Conservative
1837	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Edward Davis Protheroe	Radical
1847	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Edwards	Conservative
1852	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Francis Crossley	Radical
1859	rowspan="6" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir James Stansfeld	Liberal	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Liberal
1865	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Edward Akroyd
1874	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			John Crossley
1877 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			John Dyson Hutchinson
1882 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Thomas Shaw
1893 by-election	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			William Rawson Shaw
1895	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Alfred Arnold	Conservative
1897 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Alfred Billson
1900	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Savile Crossley	Liberal Unionist	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Henry Whitley
1906	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	James Parker	Labour

MPs since 1918

Representation reduced to one member, 1918

Election		Member	Party
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color"|	1918	John Henry Whitley	Liberal
	1921		Speaker
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1928 by-election	Arthur Longbottom	Labour
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1931	Gilbert Gledhill	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1945	Dryden Brook	Labour
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1955	Maurice Macmillan	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1964	Shirley Summerskill	Labour
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1983	Roy Galley	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1987	Alice Mahon	Labour
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2005	Linda Riordan
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2015	Holly Lynch

Elections

Elections in the 1950s

• Blackburn was a vice-president of the Bradford Conservative Association. He was nominated after the Conservative and Liberal associations in the division had failed to reach agreement on the proposal for a joint anti-Labour candidate.

Elections in the 1920s

Файл:1922 Harry Barnes.jpg

Harry Barnes

Elections in the 1910s

Файл:1915 John Henry Whitley.jpg

Whitley

Elections in the 1900s

Файл:1906 Halifax election.jpg

Crossley, Whitley and Parker

Файл:James Parker.JPG

James Parker

Elections in the 1890s

• Caused by Shaw's resignation.

• Caused by Shaw's death

Elections in the 1880s

• Caused by Stansfeld's appointment as President of the Local Government Board.

• Caused by Hutchinson's resignation.

Elections in the 1870s

• Caused by Crossley's resignation.

• Caused by Crossley's appointment as President of the Poor Law Board.

Elections in the 1860s

• Caused by Stansfeld's appointment as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury.

• Caused by Stansfeld's appointment as Civil Lord of the Admiralty.

Elections in the 1850s

• Caused by Wood's appointment as Secretary of State for India.

• Caused by Wood's appointment as First Lord of the Admiralty

• Caused by Wood's appointment as President of the Board of Control.

Elections in the 1840s

• Caused by Wood's appointment as Chancellor of the Exchequer

See also

• List of parliamentary constituencies in West Yorkshire

Sources

• Victoria County History, Yorkshire
• T. Wright, The Antiquities of the Town of Halifax (Leeds, 1738)
• John Watson, The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax (London, 1775)
• John Crabtree, A Concise History of the Parish and Vicarage of Halifax (Halifax and London, 1836).
• Шаблон:Cite book