Английская Википедия:Hamont-Achel dialect
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish
Hamont-Achel dialect (Шаблон:Lang-nl, Шаблон:Lang-li) or Hamont-Achel Limburgish is the city dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Belgian city of Hamont-Achel alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible).Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
Native speakers of the dialect tend to call it either Haëmets or Achels, depending on where they are from (the former city of Hamont or the former village of Achel).
Phonology
The following section describes the dialect as it is spoken in Hamont.Шаблон:Sfnp
Consonants
- Шаблон:IPA are bilabial, whereas Шаблон:IPA are labiodental. Шаблон:IPA is a bilabial approximant Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp In this article, it is transcribed with Шаблон:Angbr IPA, following the recommendations of Carlos Gussenhoven regarding transcribing the corresponding Standard Dutch phone.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The word-initial Шаблон:IPA cluster can be realized as Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA do not occur as frequently as in many other dialects, and can be said to be marginal phonemes.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is a uvular trill. Word-finally it is devoiced to either a fricative Шаблон:IPAblink or a fricative trill Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Other allophones include Шаблон:IPA. They appear in contexts similar to Belgian Standard Dutch.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Voiceless consonants are regressively assimilated. An example of this is the past tense of regular verbs, where voiceless stops and fricatives are voiced before the past tense morpheme Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Word-final voiceless consonants are voiced in intervocalic position.Шаблон:Sfnp
Vowels
The Hamont-Achel dialect contains 22 monophthong and 13 diphthong phonemes. The amount of monophthongs is higher than that of consonants.Шаблон:Sfnp
Monophthongs
On average, long vowels are 95 ms longer than short vowels. This is very similar to Belgian Standard Dutch, in which the difference is 105 ms.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
The quality of the monophthongs is as follows:
- Шаблон:IPA are similar to the corresponding cardinal vowels Шаблон:IPA, but none of them are quite as peripheral.Шаблон:Sfnp
- Among the front rounded vowels, Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are phonetically central like Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA: (Шаблон:IPA), whereas Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are front Шаблон:IPA, similar to the corresponding cardinal vowels. Шаблон:IPA is near-close and slightly advanced from the central position. The phonetic distance between it and the close-mid Шаблон:IPA is not very great; the same has been reported in the Ripuarian dialect of Kerkrade spoken on the Germany–Netherlands border. At the same time, Шаблон:IPA is phonetically similar to the unstressable Шаблон:IPA and the two differ mainly in rounding.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
- Шаблон:IPA is somewhat lower and more central Шаблон:IPAblink than Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The short Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are somewhat higher and more front (Шаблон:IPA) than their long counterparts.Шаблон:Sfnp
Monophthong-glide combinations
Unlike in the neighboring dialect of Weert, all monophthong-glide combinations which are not phonemic diphthongs are restricted to the syllable coda. Those are mostly Шаблон:IPA preceded by a vowel, and they are Шаблон:IPA and the marginal Шаблон:IPA. There also are two combinations of a vowel followed by Шаблон:IPA, which are Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
Diphthongs
Dialect of Hamont-Achel contrasts long and short closing diphthongs. The long ones are on average 70 ms longer than their short equivalents. Centering diphthongs are all long.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting points of Шаблон:IPA are close to the corresponding cardinal vowels Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting point of Шаблон:IPA is near-open central Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The ending points of Шаблон:IPA are rather close, more like Шаблон:IPA than Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The ending point of Шаблон:IPA is slightly more open (Шаблон:IPAblink) than those of the other closing diphthongs.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting points of Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA are more central than the corresponding cardinal vowels: Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The target of the centering diphthongs is a rather close schwa Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting points of Шаблон:IPA are somewhat lower (Шаблон:IPA) than the corresponding cardinal vowels.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting point of Шаблон:IPA is somewhat lower and somewhat more central (Шаблон:IPAblink) than the corresponding cardinal vowel.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The starting point of Шаблон:IPA is somewhat higher and somewhat more central (Шаблон:IPAblink) than the corresponding cardinal vowel.Шаблон:Sfnp
Prosody
Шаблон:Main Like most other Limburgish dialects, but unlike some other dialects in this area,Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp the prosody of the Hamont-Achel dialect has a lexical tone distinction, which is traditionally referred to as stoottoon ('push tone') or Accent 1, which generally has a shortening effect on the syllable and sleeptoon ('dragging tone') or Accent 2. As in other articles, the latter is transcribed as a high tone, whereas the former is not marked. The difference between Accent 1 and Accent 2 can signal either lexical differences or grammatical distinctions, such as those between the singular and the plural forms of some nouns. It is phonemic only in stressed syllables, an example of a minimal pair is Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA '(record) sleeve' vs. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA 'house'.Шаблон:Sfnp
References
Bibliography
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