Английская Википедия:Henry Williams (alias Cromwell)

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Шаблон:ForШаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Sir Henry Williams (1537Шаблон:Sfn – 6 January 1604),Шаблон:Sfn also known as Sir Henry Cromwell, was a knight of the shire (MP) for Huntingdonshire during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was the grandfather of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell.

Early life

Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, was of Welsh descent, the eldest son and heir of Sir Richard Williams (Шаблон:Circa–1544) and Frances (Шаблон:Circa–Шаблон:Circa), daughter of Thomas Murfyn.Шаблон:Sfn His grandfather, Morgan ap William, was the son of a man named William, and also used the name Williams, but his father abandoned the Welsh patronymic system completely and adopted the name of Cromwell, in honour of an uncle Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex. The family then consistently used and wrote its name as "Williams, alias Cromwell", well into the 17th century.[upper-alpha 1] He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge.Шаблон:Sfn[1]

Career

He was highly esteemed by Queen Elizabeth I, who knighted him in 1564.Шаблон:Sfn He was an important enough man, with a large enough house, for the Queen to do him the honour of sleeping at his seat, Hinchingbrooke House, on 18 August 1564, on her return from visiting the University of Cambridge.[2]

Williams, alias Cromwell, was in the House of Commons in 1563, as one of the knights of the shire for Huntingdonshire,[3] and was four times appointed Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, by Elizabeth, viz. in the 7, 13, 22, and 34 years of her reign;[4] and in the 20th, she nominated him a commissioner with others, to inquire concerning the draining of The Fens through Cloughs Cross and so to the sea.[5]

Файл:North front of Hinchinbrook.jpg
North front of Hinchinbrook (1787)
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Hinchingbrooke House (2007)

He made Huntingdonshire the entire place of his country residence, living at Ramsey Abbey in the summer, and Hinchingbrooke in the winter; he repaired, if not built, the manor-house at Ramsey, and made it one of his seats. Mark Noble comments that he had heard that the house of Ramsey was only the lodge of that magnificent pile, and converted by Sir Henry into a dwelling-house.Шаблон:Sfn Sir Henry also built Hinchingbrooke House adjoining to the nunnery at Hinchingbrooke,[6] and upon the bow windows there he put the arms of his family, with those of several others to whom he was allied.[7]

Mark Noble stated that Sir William was called, from his liberality, the "golden knight"; and reported that in Ramsey it was said, that whenever Sir Henry came from Hinchingbrooke to that place, he threw considerable sums of money to the poor townsmen.[8] This excellent character is given of him, "he was a worthy gentleman, both in court and country, and universally esteemed";[9] and which his merit justly deserved. By the record of inquisitio post mortem, taken at Ramsey, 2 June, following his death, it appears that he died possessed of these manors in Huntingdonshire, Saltry, Saltry-Moynes, Saltry-Judith, Sawtry-Monastery, all valued at £60 per annum; Warboys and Whistow, with their rectories, and the New-red-deer Park, valued together at £40 per annum; Hinchingbrooke, valued at £10 per annum; Broughton or Broweton, with the rectory, valued at £20 per annum; Berry and Hepmangrove, and the rectory of Berry, valued at £20 per annum; the forests of Waybridge, and Sapley, valued at £6 13s 4d; the farm or grange of Higney, and the messuage called the George, with the land belonging to it, valued at £10 per annum; and the manor of Ramsey, with the farm of Biggin, valued at £100 per annum. all of which were held of king by military service. except the forests of Waybridge and Sapley, together with the farm, or grange of Higney, the tenures of which were unknown.[10]

Marriage and issue

Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, married twice. He married firstly, Joan (d. 1584), daughter of Sir Ralph Warren, twice Lord Mayor of London, by whom he had six sons and five daughters:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Lady Joan died at Hinchinbrooke and was buried there in All Saints' church in 1584.Шаблон:Sfn

He married secondly, Susan Weeks (d. 1592), by whom he had no issue,Шаблон:Sfn who bore for her arms azure a lion rampant checky argent and gules.[12] She was buried at All Saints', Huntingdon, 11 July 1592 but no monument remains of either Sir Henry or of his wives, or indeed any of the name of Cromwell in that place as Huntingdon was devastated during the Civil War and all the monuments and brass plates to the dead were either destroyed or looted.[13] Lady Susan died of a lingering illness, which in that superstitious age was blamed on witchcraft. On 4 April 1593, in the court presided over by justice Fenner, John Samwell, his wife and daughter were found guilty of causing the death of Joan through witchcraft and executed a few days later (see the Witches of Warboys case).Шаблон:Sfn

Death

Sir Henry lived to 66-67 years of age, dying 6 January 1604.Шаблон:Sfn He was buried in All Saints' Church, Huntingdon, on 7 January.[14] An indication of the funeral pomp used at his interment can be found by the charges of the heralds, which were the same as those incurred at the burial of some of the greatest knights of his day.[15] Sir Oliver, the eldest son, gained the bulk of his fortune, to each of the other sons were given estates of about an annual value of £300.[16]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Reflist

Attribution

References

Further reading

External links

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Acad
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites Peck's desiderata curiosa.
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Journals of the house of commons.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Fuller's worthies, and nom. vicecom. Harl, coll.no. 259.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Dugdale's history of the Fens.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, States: "The nuns apartments, or cells, at Hinchinbrook, are now entire, and are used as lodging-rooms for the menial servants; their common room was what is now the kitchen; the church is destroyed, except some trifling ling remains, now part of one of the walls of the house, and seem to have been the corner of the tower; near this place in lowering the flooring, a few years ago, one or more coffins of stone were found."
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Vide the engravings of the arms at Hinchinbrook.
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, States: Communicated by the rev. Tho. Whifton, of Ramfey.
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Banks's and other lives of the Lord Protector Oliver.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb Cites: T. Cole coll. ex. Recor. Cur. Wardor. Harl. M.S.S. Vol I.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb cites: Шаблон:Harvnb
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Visitation of Huntingdonshire in 1613. Harl. M.S.S. vol. 1179.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, notes that Huntingdon was once very large, but was depopulated by the plague. So late as the reign of King Charles I there were four churches in it, but in the devastations owing to the war in the latter part of that monarch's life, this town was severely handled. St. John's church was entirely destroyed, and another church has only the tower remaining; all the monuments and brass plates, before that time, in the other two were destroyed; so that no information respecting the Cromwell family is to be collected from monumental inscriptions in Huntingdon. The outrages Huntingdon felt during the civil war, her townsmen lay to the account of Cromwell; bur they suffered much more from the royal arms, than they did from those of the Parliament, as both Whitlock, in his memorial, and the author of the memoirs of a cavalier, relate.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, States: "The inquisitio post mortem gives his death 6 Jan., but as he was buried in a magnificent manner, he could not, we may suppose, be buried the next day. Visit. of Huntingdonfhire, in 1613, says Sir Henry was buried, 24 Jan."
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Cites: Vide letter F in the proofs and illust.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb States that in the Life of O. Cromwell, oct. Lond. 1755, 6th ed. says, Mr. Rob. Cromwell, Sir Henry's 2nd son, had an estate of about £300 per ann. so we may presume the other younger sons had estates of about that value.
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