Английская Википедия:Hobart Freeman

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Шаблон:Use mdy dates Hobart Freeman (October 17, 1920 – December 8, 1984) was a charismatic preacher and author, who ministered in northern Indiana and actively promoted faith healing.

Шаблон:Infobox person

Early life

Hobart Edward Freeman was born in Ewing, Kentucky, and grew up at St. Petersburg, Florida, where he became a successful businessman after studying at Bryant and Stratton Business Institute, despite being a high school dropout.[1] He also contracted polio,[2] and in later years "... walked stiffly ... with an obvious limp."[3]

Freeman was converted to Christ in 1952 at the age of 31, and baptized into a congregation within the Southern Baptist Convention.

Shortly before Freeman received "the baptism in the Holy Spirit", he survived a heart attack. He "claimed" his healing, disposed of his medications, and almost immediately suffered a series of angina attacks, which eventually subsided.[4]

Freeman felt called to the ministry, and was subsequently educated at the Georgetown College with a Bible and History major, and then at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (A.B., Th.M.) with an Old Testament major. In 1961, he earned a Doctorate of Theology from Grace Theological Seminary in Winona Lake, Indiana with a thesis entitled "The Doctrine of Substitution in the Old Testament",[5] and was appointed a professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Studies, and Philosophy and Ethics.[1]

Teaching and preaching

According to John Davis, Freeman came to be deeply influenced by Kenneth E. Hagin, John Osteen, Kenneth Copeland, T.L. Osborn and E.W. Kenyon, who were leaders of the Word of Faith Movement.[6] However Freeman explicitly rejected their Doctrine of Identification, which asserted that Jesus died spiritually,[7] and he also repeatedly warned his congregation about the leaders and their teachings.[8]

Freeman's opposition to that doctrine was confirmed by Daniel McConnell.[9] However McConnell also described Freeman as a "renegade preacher of the Faith movement"[10] who "eventually broke with the other Faith teachers".[11]

While the exact details continue to be debated, it is not unreasonable to include Freeman within the orbit of the Word of Faith Movement, as he also taught that healing was "promised in the atonement",[12] and in Faith for Healing, where he also taught that "Confession brings possession, for what you confess is your faith speaking."[13] These latter ideas aroused much opposition within the seminary, and Freeman was asked to leave in 1963.[14]

Freeman established his own congregation, subsequently known as Faith Assembly, with Melvin Greider[15] in 1963 in his own home at Winona Lake in nearby Kosciusko County. And for many years, worked 15–16 hours a day, seven days a week with seemingly indeflatable energy,[16] and at one point visited Israel.[17]

Within a few years, Freeman established a house church at Claypool in a "pink house next to the water tower", where the meetings followed a simple format:

After much singing and what sounded like people quoting the Bible, a tall lanky man, who looked remarkably like Billy Graham, walked stiffly to the front with an obvious limp. He was the pastor, Dr. Hobart Freeman, and he commanded everyone's attention. He had a Ph.D. in theology, and he was teaching the last in a series of messages on the book of Revelation. He spoke for an hour or more about the end of the world and the new heavens and the new earth. He spoke with the conviction that all these things were going to happen just like the Bible said. ... That night ... [the] singing was even livelier than early that morning, and the message was about faith. This church believed that God would really answer their prayers if they just believed. The pastor told stories of people being healed of sickness and being protected in storms by commanding the winds to stop. He believed that his leg would be healed from the polio he had had years before. ... At the end of the service, we went to the front for prayers ....[18]

From there the church moved to a three-car garage, then on to an old sheep barn near North Webster where they had been holding a coffeehouse ministry on Friday nights. The barn was owned by a burly, whiskery biker, Melvin Greider[6] nicknamed Mack, a former alcoholic who had become a Christian, and was named the "Glory Barn" by Freeman. This ministry attracted hundreds of people, including some misfits but most were normal, serious-minded young adults. The local people referred to the Glory Barn in derision and spread exaggerated rumours about what was done there.[19]

This was not the opinion of those who sat under this ministry:

As we sat under Dr. Freeman's ministry, we saw his genius as a teacher. His theology was as solid as a Baptist minister, but he had the fire of a Pentecostal maverick like Smith Wigglesworth or William Branham. And he had the guts of the early martyrs. His manner was bookish, but he was such a skilled teacher that he kept our attention long enough to teach us biblical theology in terms we could understand. We eventually heard him teach on every passage in the Bible, and he backed up his positions, putting them in the context of church history and current events. All the reasoning was so logical it appealed to our minds as well as our hearts.[19]

Eventually both the upper and lower levels of the Glory Barn were filled to overflowing. The floorboards bent and shook dangerously as the congregation danced "charismatic jigs" to the praise songs. They would travel long distances and stand in long lines early each Sunday morning to ensure a good seat. The many young assistant pastors had reserved seats up front.[20] These young pastors travelled and spoke at meetings over a wide area. There was a worldwide following through his tapes and books.[21] There were some 15,000 in daughter congregations elsewhere in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Florida, as well as in England, Australia, Canada, Switzerland and Germany.

Freeman also began teaching college-level classes on Saturday mornings covering Old and New Testament theology, Christian ethics, church history and even Hebrew.[22]

In 1978 after conflict with the owner, Freeman took the congregation to a large circus tent just north of Warsaw and then on to another near Goshen throughout that summer and autumn. There was little protection from the wind and rain or the heat and cold. The nursery was a row of vans for the mothers and babies. Portable toilets were the only facilities. By winter a meeting hall had been built near North Webster in a cornfield belonging to one of the congregation.[23] There were large bathrooms, a nursery for the mothers and babies, and a meeting room large enough to hold 2,000 people which was often overflowing. It wasn't fancy for the floors were cement, and the walls were bare.[24] At the end of the summer of 1980 there was an epidemic of whooping cough that seemed to go through all the families of the congregation.[25]

Like many charismatic congregations, the work of the Holy Spirit was emphasized – with claims of prophesy, miraculous healings, testimonies, speaking in tongues and believers being slain in the Spirit.[26] Freeman's teaching emphasized the deeper life in the Spirit, overcoming all things, separation from the world and its ways, trusting only in God for all things, the crucified life, and the true meaning of discipleship, as seen in the topics covered by his teaching tapes and literature.

The authority of Freeman's teaching was regularly reinforced by his "prophecies", published with meeting notices.[27]

Freeman's teaching also generated a social dimension. A sense of community care, cohesion, exclusiveness, superiority and persecution grew with the breadth, authority and enthusiasm of his teaching. Those with divergent doctrines, beliefs or practices either conformed or were excluded. Outside interactions grew less and were sometimes severed over these issues. Evangelical outreach shrivelled. So while legalism was denounced from the pulpit, it was practiced amongst the congregation to the extent that it has been described as "cultist tendencies".[28] These teachings were comprehensive and logical, including the roles of women, music, jobs, medical science, government, the military, education, birth control, sports and holidays. Christmas was condemned as a pagan festival. A woman's role in the home as a wife and mother was seen to be the most noble and worthiest of callings. Children were regarded as a blessing from God and birth control was actively discouraged.[29]

This led to a certain degree of uniformity within the congregation:

People outside Faith Assembly joked that we all looked alike. A typical Faith Assembly family on their way to church consisted of a man, who was probably a construction worker, carrying a notebook and Bible under one arm and a diaper bag over his shoulder. He would be walking with his wife, who would be wearing a denim skirt and carrying a baby, with several other kids in tow. They would drive a van.[21]

Christianity Today reported that "According to Freeman's faith-formula theology, God is obligated to heal every sickness if a believer's faith is genuine. Faith must be accompanied by positive confession, meaning that believers must claim the healing by acknowledging that it has taken place."[30] This understanding was more or less accepted by the pastorate, with the wife of one recalling that "Dr. Freeman taught that it was always God's will to heal in response to our faith, and that God would do it without the aid of doctors or medicine."[31] In consequence, doctors and medicine came to be disparaged and reviled.[32]

Hobart Freeman did write that "... we must practice thought control. We must deliberately empty our minds of everything negative concerning the person, problem, or situation confronting us ..."[33] And he continued writing that "Sickness often can only be overcome by maintaining a positive confession of God's promises in the face of all apparent evidence to the contrary."[34] Effectively Hobart Freeman had come to advocate faith in "faith", not faith in God.

Controversy

From the beginning, Freeman's congregation was the subject of controversy.

At a meeting of the County Board of Health on October 23, 1974, Barbara Clouse, the Health Nurse for Kosciusko County was concerned that the Glory Barn was a major health problem and it would only get worse. She detailed her concerns, saying that:

Diabetics were not taking their insulin and pregnant women were receiving no pre-natal or post-natal care. ... They are laying dead babies and live babies next to each other on the altars and praying over them to get the live babies to bring life back to the dead ones. There was one woman in our county praying over a baby for four days before the funeral home got hold of it.[35]

Clouse's concerns were later supported by local hospital statistics for 1975/6, which suggested that women from the congregation who gave birth at home were over 60 times more likely to die than those who gave birth at hospital under medical supervision. Later assessment by the US Department of Health and Human Services supported this conclusion.[36] Deaths of several women, infants and babies were reported, and the local media blamed Freeman's teachings as medical treatment had been declined or refused.[37]

Deaths continued to be reported to the frustration of county law enforcement officials.[38]

Shortly after they were publicized, the old Glory Barn burnt down in the early hours of July 4, 1980. Six people escaped from the burning two-story barn. Two youngsters, Joel and Lee, suffered burns before they were rescued from their bedrooms by their father Brendan Wahl. The boys' mother, Peggy Wahl (née Nusbaum), also claims to have been involved in their rescue, along with their daughter Penny who was not injuredШаблон:Citation needed. Fire brigades from North Webster, Syracuse and Cromwell fought the blaze for some two hours until dawn, and the fire was subsequently investigated by the Noble County Police and Indiana State Fire Marshal. North Webster fire officials described the fire as of "suspicious origin".[39] To date no culprit has been charged.

In May 1983, the Chicago Tribune ran a story on David Gilmore whose 15-month-old son, Dustin Graham, had died five years previously from an easily treatable form of meningitis. Following church teaching, Gilmore and his wife had relied solely on prayer for their son's healing. Gilmore said he knew of twelve other children who had died under similar circumstances. The Tribune further identified fifty-two deaths from Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Kentucky which, they asserted, were attributable to church teaching. A few months later, ABC television's Nightline reported that pregnant women following church teaching died at a rate eight times the national average and their children at three times. Nightline further identified nineteen states and five countries where deaths had occurred which, they asserted, were attributable to church teaching.[40]

Eventually, Hobart Freeman was charged with aiding and abetting one of these deaths by what was described as "negligent homicide".[41] At least ninety members of the congregation died during Freeman's ministry,[42] which Daniel McConnell described as tragic and preventable.[43]

Death

Two weeks before this matter was to come to court, Freeman died at his Shoe Lake home of bronchial pneumonia and congestive heart failure complicated by an ulcerated gangrenous leg, which in the weeks preceding had forced him to preach sitting down. He had refused all medical help,[44] even to the removal of the bandages so his leg could be cleaned.[45]

Previously in Faith for Healing, Freeman had said that "To claim healing for the body and then to continue to take medicine is not following our faith with corresponding action ... When genuine faith is present, it alone will be sufficient for it will take the place of medicines and other aids."[46]

Freeman's death was not reported for at least 13 hours due to an all-night prayer vigil for his resurrection. He was buried in a pine box with no public viewing and no graveside or memorial service.[47] For some time afterwards, his wife, June Freeman (d. January 29, 2000), left his suit over the end of the bed, expecting him to one day walk in and have need of it.[45] She soon came to accept his death as the will of God, and encouraged the congregation to persist in their faith.[48]

Legacy

In June 1985, Jack Farrell, one of the two assistant pastors hand-picked by Hobart Freeman, quit the congregation, telling "The Body" during the Sunday sermon, that they were still "in bondage" to their late pastor.[49] Some of the congregation also grew disillusioned and left.[50]

Others remained under the ministry of one or more of Freeman's successors.[50] These successors include Joe and Jim Brenneman,[51] Steve Hill,[52] Jerry Ervin, Bruce Kinsey (d. June 14, 2008), Jim Mansfield, Gary Wilson, Terry Knafel, Jim Trout, Ron Moerchen, Don Mishler, Joe Duncan, Stan Hill, Tom Hamilton, Jim Oswalt, Dave Hardy, Harry Albright, Bill Garner, Jerry Reeder, Mark Yotter, Rick McCleay, Jeff Barnett[53] and Tim Neely.[54] Not all are today generally acknowledged to be faithful to Freeman's ministry. Continuing congregations include groups at Larwill, Goshen and Indianapolis Indiana, Grand Centre/Cold Lake Alberta and Shelbyville, Indiana.Шаблон:Cn

In March 2015, Joshua Wilson, son of former Faith Assembly members, and Jack Pennington, a freelance filmmaker from Winston-Salem NC, announced their plans to film a documentary they called Children of Faith Assembly,[55] which was promoted on the blog Friendly Atheist.[56] However it was never produced.

Publications

Freeman was the author of two books published by Moody Press of Chicago:

  • An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets [1969]
  • Nahum Zephaniah Habakkuk: Minor Prophets in the Seventh Century [1973]

He later published another fourteen books through his own publishing house, Faith Publications of Warsaw, Indiana, later to become Faith Ministries and Publications:

  • Angels of Light? Deliverance from Occult Oppression.
  • Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year – This is a modified edition of the earlier Positive Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year.
  • Charismatic Body Ministry: A Guide to the Restoration of Charismatic Ministry and Worship.
  • Deeper Life in the Spirit [1970].
  • Did Jesus Die Spiritually? Exposing the JDS Heresy.
  • Divine Sovereignty / Human Freedom and Responsibility in Prophetic Thought – Master's degree thesis.
  • Every Wind of Doctrine.
  • Exploring Biblical Theology: A Systematic Study of the Word of God in Understandable Language [1985] – Published posthumously.
  • Faith for Healing.
  • How to Know God's Will – For Your Life and for Important Decisions.
  • Why Speak in Tongues? The Christian's Three-Fold Ministry through Prayer in the Spirit.
  • The Doctrine of Substitution in the Old Testament: Fulfilled in Christ [1985] – Based on his doctoral thesis and published posthumously.
  • Why Do the Righteous Suffer? – Collated from his teaching tapes and published posthumously.
  • The Sabbath in Relation to Law and Grace – Collated from his teaching tapes and published posthumously.

Two tracts:

  • Occult Oppression and Bondage: How to be Free.
  • The Purpose of Pentecost.

And over eleven hundred teaching tapes.

Forums

Two forums are discussing Hobart Freeman, Faith Assembly and associated doctrine, namely:

Sources

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" By Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN 197?, back cover.
  2. ↑ John F. MacArthur in Charismatic Chaos says that (p237) "Hobart Freeman's theology did not let him acknowledge that polio had left one of his legs disfigured and lame. 'I have my healing' is all he would say when anyone pointed out the rather conspicuous inconsistency between his own physical disabilities and his teaching."
  3. ↑ "Never Far From Home" by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, page 72
  4. ↑ "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" By Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN nd, pages 49 & 50. Note: The word "claimed" in this context does NOT mean he claimed that he was healed, but rather that he claimed the promise of healing that he believed was in the atonement. As such, the word is used in a theological sense rather than in an everyday sense.
  5. ↑ Co-authors of this thesis included Richard Michalak, Charles Ware, George Brost, George A Brost and Kevin Magde.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 "Freeman: Mystic, Monk, or Minister?" by John Davis, Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union September 27, 1983, page 1a
  7. ↑ "Did Jesus Die Spiritually? Exposing the JDS Heresy" by Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw n.d.
  8. ↑ "Died Jesus Die Spiritually?" by Hobart Freeman, tape number 332, n.d.
  9. ↑ "A Different Gospel: A Historical and Biblical Analysis of the Modern Faith Movement" by Daniel R. McConnell, Hendrickson Publishers Peabody MA 1988 page 131
  10. ↑ "A Different Gospel: A Historical and Biblical Analysis of the Modern Faith Movement" by Daniel R. McConnell, Hendrickson Publishers Peabody MA 1988 page xix
  11. ↑ "A Different Gospel: A Historical and Biblical Analysis of the Modern Faith Movement" by Daniel R. McConnell, Hendrickson Publishers Peabody MA 1988 page 82.
  12. ↑ Healing in the Atonement by Hobart Freeman, tape number 115, nd
  13. ↑ "Faith for Healing" by Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Ministries and Publications, Warsaw IN nd page 10
  14. ↑ However Freeman said, while giving his testimony, that he was asked to leave the seminary due to his conservative view of scripture. See "Testimony of Hobart Freeman" by Hobart Freeman, tape number 111, n.d.
  15. ↑ Melvin Lee Greider (b.April 23, 1936, d.April 16, 1980) served in the US Navy and became a biker and alcoholic before he converted to Christ. He died of a heart attack, and was buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, which is located at the intersection of Epworth Forest and County Road 975 East in Tippicanoe Township. See Tippecanoe Township Cemeteries Online
  16. ↑ "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" By Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN 197?, page 21.
  17. ↑ "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" By Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN 197?, pages 51 and 52.
  18. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p72
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p81
  20. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p84
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p86
  22. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p83
  23. ↑ Don Nei has been suggested as the donor of the land for the new building, but no source was cited.
  24. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p85, 105
  25. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p109
  26. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p85, 105
  27. ↑ Hobart Freeman – Prophecy to the Congregation – January 15, 1984. Шаблон:Dead link
  28. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p78, 81, 85, 86, 87
  29. ↑ Never Far From Home by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005, p74, 83, 86, 101, 110, 111
  30. ↑ Christianity Today, November 23, 1984
  31. ↑ "Never Far From Home" by Cindy Barnett, Selah Publishing Group, Surprise, Arizona, 2005 page 86.
  32. ↑ John F. MacArthur in Charismatic Chaos says that (p237) "Freeman and the Faith Assembly congregation utterly disdained medical treatment, believing that modern medicine was an extension of ancient witchcraft and black magic. To submit to a doctor's remedies, Freeman believed, was to expose oneself to demonic influence." In a more mild but troubled manner, Cindy Barnett in Never Far from Home says that (p153) "I had struggled for years with what Dr. Freeman had taught about divine healing. It wasn't that I doubted God would heal, but I questioned the way medical science was put down and discouraged. I was always trying to build up my faith, looking at it from every angle, reading books, and asking God about it. I would stare out the window wondering where all this would lead."
  33. ↑ "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" by Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN nd page 20. The first part of this quotation was deleted in the subsequent edition.
  34. ↑ "Biblical Thinking and Confession: The Key to Victorious Living 365 Days a Year" by Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Publications, Warsaw IN nd page 49.
  35. ↑ Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union, 24 October 1974
  36. ↑ Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Perinatal and Maternal Mortality in a Religious Group – Indiana by Anon, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (June 1, 1984), 33(21):297–298. See also The Faith Assembly: A Study of Perinatal and Maternal Mortality by C. Spence, T.S. Danielson and A.M. Kaunitz, Indiana Medicine 1984 (March): 180–183.
  37. ↑ Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union, 10 July 1976
  38. ↑ Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union, 10 March 1980
  39. ↑ Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union, 7 July 1980
  40. ↑ A Surgeon's View of Divine Healing by Paul Brand and Philip Yancey, Christianity Today, November 25, 1983.
  41. ↑ Faith Assembly leader is sought for aiding, inducing homicide", Madison Courier, October 18, 1984, p.3d-f."
  42. ↑ Jim Quinn and Bill Zlatos "Assembly's Message Ominious" Fort Wayne (Indiana) News-Sentinel, 2 June 1984, page 1
  43. ↑ Daniel R. McConnell in A Different Gospel – A Historical and Biblical Analysis of the Modern Faith Movement says that (p81) "For sheer volume of death and tragedy, none can match the record of Hobart Freeman, pastor of Faith Assembly, Wilmot, Indiana. Estimates of the number of preventable deaths associated with Faith Assembly itself are as high as 90. The number of deaths nationwide caused by Freeman's teaching on healing is not known." McConnell continues to say that (p96) "Besides Faith Assembly, Freeman ministered throughout the South in a network of sister churches based on his teaching. Although not to the same extent, these churches also experienced deaths due to non-treatment of sickness. The author is personally familiar with a tragic death as far south as Alabama in a church which practiced Freeman's teaching."
  44. ↑ "Faith Preacher Hobart Freeman Dies" by Steven Lawson, Charisma February 1985, page 110.
  45. ↑ 45,0 45,1 Interview with Mrs June Freeman, Winnona Lake (Indiana) 1994
  46. ↑ "Faith for Healing" by Hobart E. Freeman, Faith Ministries and Publications, Warsaw IN nd page 11
  47. ↑ "Faith Assembly Mourns Death of Leader" by Kathy Muckle, Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union December 10, 1984, page 1
  48. ↑ June Freeman – Letter to the Congregation – January 1, 1985 Шаблон:Dead link
  49. ↑ Warsaw (Indiana) Times Union, 10 September 1985
  50. ↑ 50,0 50,1 Discussion Group
  51. ↑ Joseph Brenneman ministers at Faith Assembly in Warsaw, Indiana and through Faith Ministries and Publications.
  52. ↑ Stephen J. Hill married Pamela Freeman, the eldest daughter of Hobart Freeman on June 6, 1971, in Kosciusko County, Indiana, and now ministers under the name of S.J. Hill from Charlotte, North Carolina.
  53. ↑ Jeff and his wife Cindy Barnett minister at the Genesis Church in Seymour, Indiana.
  54. ↑ Timothy Neely ministers at the Bread of Life Assembly in Goshen, Indiana.
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Friendly Atheist – A Survivor of the Faith Assembly Cult Talks About Growing Up Under the Gaze of Crazed Preacher Hobart Freeman
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