Английская Википедия:Hooded plover
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
The hooded plover or hooded dotterel (Charadrius cucullatus) is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is endemic to southern Australia, where it inhabits ocean beaches and subcoastal lagoons.
Taxonomy
The hooded plover was formally described in 1818 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot under the current binomial name Charadrius cucullatus.[1] The binomial name Charadrius cucullatus was at one time treated as a junior synonym of Charadrius rubricollis Gmelin, 1789,[2][3] but in 1998 the American ornithologist Storrs L. Olson designated a lectotype for C. rubricollis and made it a junior synonym of Tringa lobata Linnaeus, 1758, now the red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus.[4][5] In the early 2000s the hooded plover was moved from the original genus Charadrius to the genus Thinornis, along with the shore plover.[5] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2015 found Thinornis was embedded within the genus Charadrius.[6] This was confirmed by another study published in 2022,[7] and as a result the hooded plover was moved back to Charadrius. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[8]
Description
The hooded plover is medium in size for a plover, stocky, and pale in colour. Its length is Шаблон:Convert and its wing-span Шаблон:Convert. It has a black hood and throat with a white collar. Its red bill has a black tip. It has a red eye ring and orange legs.Шаблон:R Underparts are white. Males and females are similar. Adults and juveniles are similar except the juveniles do not have the black head and hindneck, which are instead a sandy brown.Шаблон:R
Distribution and habitat
Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, coastal saline lagoons, and sandy beaches. Heavy populations are found on beaches with seaweed and dunes. It is threatened by habitat loss because of its small population and limited native range. It is a non-migratory inhabitant of coastal and subcoastal Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, and is a vagrant in Queensland.
Behaviour
Breeding
A clutch of 1–3 eggs is laid from August to March, which includes also the peak of the Austral summer tourist season in its range and it is thereby heavily impacted by human activities.[9]Шаблон:R The eggs are a matte beige or cream colour heavily sprinkled with dark brown and lavender markings, especially at the larger end of the egg. Pyriform in shape, they measure Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:R Eggs hatch in about 30 days.Шаблон:R
Food and feeding
The eastern population eats a variety of invertebrates but little is known of the diet of the western population.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Specifically it eats insects, bivalves, and sandhoppers. It is usually seen in pairs or small groups near the water. For breeding it will dig a shallow scrape in sand or gravel above high-water mark and line it with pebbles, seaweed, and other debris.Шаблон:R Males and females spend equal amounts of time incubating the eggs, although males tend to incubate more at night.[10]
Threats
The population of hooded dotterels has declined in eastern Australia as a result of disturbance by people, dogs, cats and horses, as well as predation by silver gulls (Larus novaehollandiae), ravens (Corvus spp) and introduced foxes.Шаблон:RШаблон:R Fox predation is a major threat to the western subspecies. In 2000 the number of mature individuals was estimated at 7,000.Шаблон:R
Conservation
| AUS | NSW | VIC | TAS | SA | WA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charadrius cucullatus | Vulnerable[11] | Critically endangered[12] | Vulnerable[13] | Conservation Concern[14] | Vulnerable |
Important Bird Areas
BirdLife International has identified the following sites as being important for hooded dotterel conservation:[15] Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Marion Bay
- Melaleuca to Birchs Inlet
- North-west Tasmanian Coast
- Robbins Passage and Boullanger Bay
- St Helens
- Victoria
- Western Australia
See also
References
External links
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Charadrius
- Birds of Western Australia
- Birds of South Australia
- Birds of Victoria (state)
- Birds of Tasmania
- Endemic birds of Australia
- Birds described in 1818
- Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
- Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
