Английская Википедия:10 euro note

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The ten euro note (€10) is the second-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 25 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 23 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million. In July 2023, there were approximately 3,033,000,000 ten euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the fourth most widely circulated denomination, accounting for 10.2% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a ten euro banknote is about 1.5 years before it is replaced due to wear.

It is the second-smallest note measuring 127 × 67 mm with a pink colour scheme. The ten euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in Romanesque architecture (between the 11th and 12th centuries). The ten euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity.

History

Шаблон:Main The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Italian lira and the German mark.

Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia on 1 January 2014, Lithuania on 1 January 2015 and Croatia on 1 January 2023.

The changeover period

The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from ten years to forever.

Changes

Шаблон:Multiple image Notes printed before November 2003 bear the signature of the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, who was replaced on 1 November 2003 by Jean-Claude Trichet, whose signature appears on issues from November 2003. Notes issued after March 2012 bear the signature of the third president of the European Central Bank, incumbent Mario Draghi.

A new series, similar to the current one, was released on 23 September 2014. The European Central Bank will, in due time, announce when banknotes from the first series lose legal tender status.

The first series issues do not reflect the expansion of the European Union: Cyprus is not depicted on those notes as the map does not extend far enough east; Malta is also missing as it does not meet the first series' minimum size for depiction.

Since the European Central Bank plans to redesign the notes every seven or eight years after each issue, a second series (Europa series) of banknotes was already in preparation in 2012. New production and anti-counterfeiting techniques are employed on the new notes, but the design is of the same theme and similar colours of the current series; bridges and arches. However, they are recognisable as a new series.

Design

Printer code on the 10 euro note.

Close up of the printer code on the 10 euro note, showing micro printing, raised lettering and EURion design.

The ten euro note is the second smallest at Шаблон:Convert × Шаблон:Convert with a red colour scheme. All bank notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in a different historical European style; the ten euro note shows the Romanesque era (between the 11th and 12th centuries). Although Robert Kalina's original designs were intended to show real monuments, for political reasons the bridge and art are merely hypothetical examples of the architectural era.

Like all euro notes, it contains the denomination, the EU flag, the signature of the president of the ECB and the initials of said bank in different EU languages, a depiction of EU territories overseas, the stars from the EU flag and twelve security features as listed below.

10 euro note picture by a camera with no IR filter and normal photo for comparison on the right.

Comparison of a note under infrared light (left), and a note under normal light (right).

Security features (first series)

As a lower value note, the security features of the ten euro note are not as high as the other denominations, however, it is protected by:

• A hologram, tilt the note and one should see the hologram image change between the value and a window or doorway, but in the background, one should see rainbow-coloured concentric circles of micro-letters moving from the centre to the edges of the patch.
• A EURion constellation,
• Special printing processes give the euro notes their unique feel.
• A glossy stripe, tilt the note and a glossy stripe showing the value numeral and the euro symbol will appear.
• Watermarks, it appears when the banknote is against the light.
• Raised printing, special methods of printing makes the ink feel raised or thicker in the main image, the lettering and the value numerals on the front of the banknotes. To feel the raised print, run your finger over it or scratch it gently with your fingernail.
• Ultraviolet ink, Under ultraviolet light, the paper itself should not glow, fibres embedded in the paper should appear, and should be coloured red, blue and green, the European Union flag looks green and has orange stars, the ECB President signature turns green, the large stars and small circles on the front glow and the European map, a bridge and the value numeral on the back appear in yellow.
• Microprinting, On numerous areas of the banknotes you can see microprinting, for example, inside the "ΕΥΡΩ" (EURO in Greek characters) on the front. You will need a magnifying glass to see it. The tiny text is sharp, and not blurred.
• A security thread, The security thread is embedded in the banknote paper. Hold the banknote against the light - the thread will appear as a dark stripe. The word "EURO" and the value can be seen in tiny letters on the stripe.
• Perforations, Hold the banknote against the light. You should see perforations in the hologram which will form the € symbol. You should also see small numbers showing the value.
• A matted surface, the note paper is made out of pure cotton, which feels crisp and firm, but not limp or waxy.
• Barcodes,
• A serial number.

Security features (Europa series)

• Watermark: When the note is held under a normal light source, a portrait of Europa and an electrotype denomination appear on either side.
• Portrait Hologram: When the note is tilted, the silver-coloured holographic stripe reveals the portrait of Europa-the same one as in the watermark. The stripe also reveals a window and the value of the banknote.
• Emerald Number: When the note is tilted, the number on the note displays an effect of light that moves up and down. The number also changes colour from emerald green to deep blue.
• Raised Printing: On the front of the note, there is a series of short raised lines on the left and right edges. The main edge, the lettering and the large value numeral also feel thicker.
• Security Thread: When the note is held against the light, the security thread appears as a dark line. The Euro symbol (€) and the value of the banknote can be seen in tiny white lettering in the thread.
• Microprint: Tiny letters which can be read with a magnifying glass. The letters should be sharp, not blurred.
• Ultraviolet ink: Some parts of the banknote shine when under UV or UV-C light. These are the stars in the flag, the small circles, the large stars and several other areas on the front. On the back, a quarter of a circle in the centre as well as several other areas glow green. The horizontal serial number and a stripe appear in red.
• Infrared light: Under infrared light, the emerald number, the right side of the main image and the silvery stripe are visible on the obverse of the banknote, while on the reverse, only the denomination and the horizontal serial number are visible.

Circulation

The European Central Bank is closely monitoring the circulation and stock of the euro coins and banknotes. It is a task of the Eurosystem to ensure an efficient and smooth supply of euro notes and to maintain their integrity throughout the euro area.

In December 2022, there were 3 009 540 842 €10 banknotes in circulation around the Eurozone. for €30 095 408 420.

This is a net number, i.e. the number of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem central banks, without further distinction as to who is holding the currency issued, thus also including the stocks held by credit institutions.

Besides the date of the introduction of the first set to January 2002, the publication of figures is more significant through the maximum number of banknotes raised each year. The number is higher the end of the year, except for this note in 2002.

The figures are as follows (Nov. 3, 2017) :

Date	Banknotes	€ Value	Date	Banknotes	€ Value
January 2002	1 999 737 481	19 997 374 810	December 2008	2 029 872 213	20 298 722 130
December 2003	1 684 604 749	16 846 047 490	December 2009	2 042 277 282	20 422 772 820
December 2004	1 700 450 847	17 004 508 470	December 2010	2 039 265 727	20 392 657 270
December 2005	1 761 362 710	17 613 627 100	December 2011	2 072 931 644	20 729 316 440
December 2006	1 900 510 721	19 005 107 210	December 2012	2 170 679 774	21 706 797 740
December 2007	1 965 455 883	19 654 558 830	December 2013	2 155 551 029	21 555 510 290

In September 2014, a new 'Europe' series was issued.

The first series of notes were issued in conjunction with those for a few weeks in the series 'Europe' until existing stocks are exhausted, then gradually withdrawn from circulation. Both series thus run parallel but the proportion tends inevitably to a sharp decrease in the first series.

Date	Banknotes	€ Value	Series '1' remainder	€ Value	Proportion
December 2014	2 244 302 134	22 443 021 340	1 361 256 964	13 612 569 640	60.7%
December 2015	2 325 766 992	23 257 669 920	605 953 384	6 059 533 840	26.1%
December 2016	2 387 340 411	23 873 404 110	435 990 864	4 359 908 640	18.3%
December 2017	2 504 086 915	25 040 869 150	360 166 544	3 601 665 440	14.4%
December 2018	2 629 767 998	26 297 679 980	318 176 885	3 181 768 850	12.1%
December 2019	2 752 030 608	27 520 306 080	305 435 695	3 054 356 950	11.1%
December 2020	2 831 279 179	28 312 791 790	286 827 750	2 868 277 500	10.1%
December 2021	2 899 677 558	28 996 775 580	277 991 976	2 779 919 760	9.6%
December 2022	3 009 540 842	30 095 408 420	261 175 059	2 611 750 590	8.7%

The latest figures provided by the ECB are the following :

Date	Banknotes	€ Value	Series '1' remainder	€ Value	Proportion
July 2023	3 033 492 529	30 334 925 290	252 331 889	2 523 318 890	8.3%

Legal information

Legally, both the European Central Bank and the central banks of the eurozone countries have the right to issue the 7 different euro banknotes. In practice, only the national central banks of the zone physically issue and withdraw euro banknotes. The European Central Bank does not have a cash office and is not involved in any cash operations.

Tracking

There are several communities of people at European level, most of which is EuroBillTracker, that, as a hobby, it keeps track of the euro banknotes that pass through their hands, to keep track and know where they travel or have travelled. The aim is to record as many notes as possible to know details about its spread, like from where and to where they travel in general, follow it up, like where a ticket has been seen in particular, and generate statistics and rankings, for example, in which countries there are more tickets. EuroBillTracker has registered over 155 million notes as of May 2016, worth more than €2.897 billion.

External links

• Шаблон:Commons category-inline