Английская Википедия:110 metres hurdles

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox athletics event The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-metre hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles. As part of a racing event, ten hurdles of Шаблон:Convert in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a fixed time penalty for the runners, but they have a significant pull-over weight which slows down the run. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks.

For the 110 m hurdles, the first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13.72 metres (45 ft) from the starting line. The next nine hurdles are set at a distance of 9.14 metres (30 ft) from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 14.02 metres (46 ft) long.

The Olympic Games have included the 110 metre hurdles in their program since 1896. The equivalent hurdles race for women was run over a course of 80 metres from 1932 to 1968. Starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics, the women's race was set at 100 metres. In the early 20th century, the race was often contested as 120 yard hurdles, thus the imperial units distances between hurdles.

The fastest 110 metre hurdlers run the distance in around 13 seconds. Aries Merritt of the United States holds the current world record of 12.80 seconds, set at the Memorial Van Damme meet on 7 September 2012 in Belgium.

History

For the first hurdles races in England around 1830, wooden barriers were placed along a stretch of 100 yards (91.44 m).

The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge: The length of the course was set to 120 yards (109.7 m) and over its course, runners were required to clear ten Шаблон:Convert high hurdles; the height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the standardisation was essentially complete, except that in Germany, 1 metre high hurdles were used until 1907.

The massively constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over.

However, until 1935, runners were disqualified if they knocked down more than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had left all hurdles standing.

In 1935, the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into and therefore reduce the risk of injury. However, these hurdles are weighted, so it is disadvantageous to hit them.

The current running style where the first hurdle is taken on the run with the upper body lowered instead of being jumped over and with three steps each between the hurdles was first used by the 1900 Olympic champion, Alvin Kraenzlein. The 110 metre hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896.

Women's history

Women ran the event occasionally in the 1920s, but it never became generally accepted.

From 1926 to 1968, women competed in the 80 metre hurdles, which was increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis, and was officially implemented in competition in 1969.

Currently, women run the 110 metre distance at the World Athletics Relays shuttle hurdle relay, which features two men and two women participating together. The event debuted at the 2019 event.

Other events

In 1900 and 1904, the Olympics also included a 200-metre hurdles event, and the IAAF recognized world records for the 200 metre hurdles until 1960. Don Styron held the world record in the event for over 50 years, until Andy Turner broke the record in a specially arranged race at the Manchester City Games in 2010: Styron still holds the world record in the 220 yard low hurdles as of 2021.

Technique

The sprint hurdles are a very rhythmic race because both men and women take 3 steps (meaning 4 foot strikes) between each hurdle, no matter whether running 110/100 metres outdoors, or the shorter distances indoors (55 or 60 metres). In addition, the distance from the starting line to the first hurdle – while shorter for women – is constant for both sexes whether indoors or outdoors, so sprint hurdlers do not need to change their stride pattern between indoor and outdoor seasons. One difference between indoor and outdoors is the shorter finishing distance from the last (5th) hurdle indoors, compared to longer distance from the last (10th) hurdle outdoors to the finish line.

Top male hurdlers traditionally took 8 strides from the starting blocks to the first hurdle (indoors and outdoors). The 8-step start persisted from (at least) the 1950s to the end of the 20th century and included such World- and Olympic champions as Harrison Dillard, Rod Milburn, Greg Foster, Renaldo Nehemiah, Roger Kingdom, Allen Johnson, Mark Crear, Mark McCoy, and Colin Jackson. However, beginning in the 2000s, some hurdle coaches embraced a transition to a faster 7-step start, teaching the men to lengthen their first few strides out of the starting blocks. Cuban hurdler Dayron Robles set his 2008 world record of 12.87 using a 7-step start. Chinese star Liu Xiang won the 2004 Olympics and broke the world record in 2006 utilizing an 8-step approach, but he switched to 7-steps by the 2011 outdoor season. After the 2010 outdoor season, American Jason Richardson trained to switch to a 7-step start and went on to win the 2011 World Championship. American Aries Merritt trained in Fall 2011 to switch from 8 to 7, and then had his greatest outdoor season in 2012 – running 8 races in under 13 seconds – capped by winning the London 2012 Olympics and then setting a world record of 12.80.[1]

Of the 10 men with the fastest 110m hurdle times in 2012, seven used 7-steps, including the top 4: Aries Merritt, Liu Xiang, Jason Richardson, and David Oliver. Hurdle technique experts believe the off-season training required to produce the power and speed necessary to reach the first hurdle in 7 steps, yields greater endurance over the last half of the race. That added endurance allows hurdlers to maintain their top speed to the finish, resulting in a faster time.

Junior level competition

Файл:110M highschool hurdles.jpg
A 110m hurdles race at the 2021 Creekside Friday knight invite

In American high school track and field and at many international Under-20 athletics competitions, the 110 metres hurdles are mostly the same as their professional counterparts. The main difference between the high school hurdles and college-level/ professional hurdles is the height. High school hurdles are Шаблон:Convert inches high while college height hurdles are Шаблон:Convert tall. This change in height drastically changes the requirements placed on the hurdler to clear the barrier with the same amount of speed. High school hurdling technique is the same as professional except on the higher hurdles everything is exaggerated. As a high schooler makes the transition from the 39's to the 42's there are many things they must adjust to, the most prevailing issue is getting down after clearing the hurdle. 39-inch hurdlers are used to the normal sprinting motion right after they get off the hurdle but for a newly transitioned 42-inch hurdler that extra half a second can feel very foreign. The second major difference in technique between 39's and 42's is the take-off distance. When a high school hurdler approaches his first hurdle they are putting as much power into each step as possible and attempting to gain all the speed they can so by their eighth step they'll be about six inches away from the hurdle. When attempting to clear a 42-inch hurdle the athlete can no longer run headfirst into the hurdle with disregard for the height of the hurdle. The newly made college hurdler needs to learn how to shorten their strides so they can take off the ground from farther away to clear a 42-inch barrier.

Both before and after this change of technique world class hurdler, Aries Merritt was an elite level hurdler, at the peak of his high school career Aries Merritt achieved a still standing Wheeler High school record of 13.91 seconds. Almost all top level American hurdlers started their careers in high school including Roger Kingdom at Vienna high school and many more.[2]

The world record in the 110m hurdles at the 39-inch height is 12.72 by Sasha Zhoya, achieved at the 2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles in Nairobi, Kenya on 21 August 2021.

Milestones

All-time top 25

Шаблон:Further information

  • Correct as of July 2023.[3]
Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Time (s) Wind (m/s) Reaction (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Шаблон:Refh
1 1 12.80 +0.3 0.145 Aries Merritt Шаблон:USA 07 September 2012 Brussels [4][5]
2 2 12.81 +1.8 0.169 Grant Holloway Шаблон:USA 26 June 2021 Eugene [6][7]
3 3 12.84 +1.6 0.128 Devon Allen Шаблон:USA 12 June 2022 New York City [8][9]
4 4 12.87 +0.9 Dayron Robles Шаблон:CUB 12 June 2008 Ostrava
5 5 12.88 +1.1 Liu Xiang Шаблон:CHN 11 July 2006 Lausanne
5 12.88 +0.5 Robles #2 18 July 2008 Saint-Denis
6 7 12.89 +0.5 0.161 David Oliver Шаблон:USA 16 July 2010 Saint-Denis [10]
7 8 12.90 +1.1 Dominique Arnold Шаблон:USA 11 July 2006 Lausanne
8 12.90 +1.6 0.150 Oliver #2 03 July 2010 Eugene [11]
8 8 12.90 +0.7 Omar McLeod Шаблон:JAM 24 June 2017 Kingston [12]
9 11 12.91 +0.5 0.122 Colin Jackson Шаблон:GBR2 20 August 1993 Stuttgart [13]
11 12.91 +0.3 0.139 Liu #2 27 August 2004 Athens [14]
+0.2 Robles #3 22 July 2008 Stockholm
10 14 12.92 −0.1 Roger Kingdom Шаблон:USA 16 August 1989 Zürich
+0.9 Allen Johnson Шаблон:USA 23 June 1996 Atlanta
14 12.92 +0.2 Johnson #2 23 August 1996 Brussels
+1.5 Liu #3 02 June 2007 New York City
±0.0 Robles #4 23 September 2007 Stuttgart
−0.3 0.143 Merritt #2 08 August 2012 London [14]
10 14 12.92 +0.6 0.169 Sergey Shubenkov Шаблон:RUS 02 July 2018 Székesfehérvár [15][16]
13 21 12.93 −0.1 Renaldo Nehemiah Шаблон:USA 19 August 1981 Zürich
21 12.93 ±0.0 0.128 Johnson #3 07 August 1997 Athens [13]
−0.6 Liu #4 09 September 2006 Stuttgart
+0.1 0.183 Robles #5 21 August 2008 Beijing [14]
+1.7 Oliver #3 27 June 2010 Des Moines
−0.3 0.163 Oliver #4 19 August 2010 Zürich [17]
+1.2 0.151 Merritt #3 30 June 2012 Eugene [18]
+0.6 0.137 Merritt #4 13 July 2012 London [19]
±0.0 0.112 Merritt #5 20 July 2012 Monaco [20]
13 21 12.93 +0.9 0.168 Hansle Parchment Шаблон:JAM 17 September 2023 Eugene [21]
15 12.94 +1.6 Jack Pierce Шаблон:USA 22 June 1996 Atlanta
+0.5 Orlando Ortega Шаблон:CUB 04 July 2015 Saint-Denis [22]
+0.7 Rasheed Broadbell Шаблон:JAM 09 July 2023 Kingston [23]
18 12.95 +1.5 Terrence Trammell Шаблон:USA 02 June 2007 New York City
+0.3 Pascal Martinot-Lagarde Шаблон:FRA 18 July 2014 Monaco [24]
20 12.96 +1.3 Cordell Tinch Шаблон:USA 23 June 2023 Fayetteville [25][26]
21 12.97 +1.0 Ladji Doucouré Шаблон:FRA 15 July 2005 Angers
22 12.98 +0.6 Mark Crear Шаблон:USA 05 July 1999 Zagreb
+1.5 Jason Richardson Шаблон:USA 30 June 2012 Eugene
24 12.99 +1.2 Ronnie Ash Шаблон:USA 29 June 2014 Sacramento [27]
25 13.00 +0.5 Tony Jarrett Шаблон:GBR2 20 August 1993 Stuttgart
+0.6 Anier García Шаблон:CUB 25 September 2000 Sydney
+0.8 Daniel Roberts Шаблон:USA 07 June 2019 Austin [28]
±0.0 Trey Cunningham Шаблон:USA 10 June 2022 Eugene [29]
+0.3 Freddie Crittenden Шаблон:USA 20 August 2022 Freeport [30]

Assisted marks

Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second does not count for record purposes. Below is a list of all wind-assisted times equal or superior to 12.94:

Most successful athletes

Athletes with two or more victories at the Olympic Games & World Championships:

5 wins:

  • Allen Johnson has won the most 110 m hurdles titles at Olympic and World level, one Olympic (1996) & four World (1995, 1997, 2001, 2003)

3 wins:

  • Greg Foster, three World Championship titles, 1983, 1987 & 1991 (also won Olympic silver in 1984)
  • Grant Holloway has won three World Championship titles, 2019, 2022, & 2023 (also won Olympic silver in 2020 Tokyo Olympics)

2 wins:

  • Lee Calhoun (USA), two Olympic victories, 1956, 1960
  • Roger Kingdom (USA), two Olympic victories, 1984 and 1988
  • Colin Jackson (GBR), two World Championship victories, 1993 and 1999 (also won Olympic Silver in 1988)
  • Liu Xiang (CHN), Olympic, 2004, World, 2007
  • Omar McLeod (JAM), Olympic, 2016, World, 2017

Olympic Games medalists

Шаблон:Olympic medalists in men's 110 metres hurdles

World Championships medalists

Шаблон:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's 110 metres hurdles

Season's bests

Year Time Athlete Place
1966 13.47 Шаблон:Flagathlete New York City
1967 13.43 Шаблон:Flagathlete Minneapolis
1968 13.33 Шаблон:AthAbbr Шаблон:Flagathlete Mexico City
1969 13.45 Шаблон:Flagathlete Miami
Шаблон:Flagathlete Miami
1970 13.42 Шаблон:Flagathlete Bakersfield
1971 13.46 Шаблон:AthAbbr Шаблон:Flagathlete Cali
1972 13.24 Шаблон:Flagathlete Munich
1973 13.41 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1974 13.40 Шаблон:Flagathlete Rome
1975 13.28 Шаблон:Flagathlete Saint-Étienne
1976 13.30 Шаблон:Flagathlete Montreal
1977 13.21 Шаблон:Flagathlete Sofia
1978 13.22 Шаблон:Flagathlete Eugene
1979 13.00 Шаблон:Flagathlete Westwood
1980 13.21 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1981 12.93 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1982 13.22 Шаблон:Flagathlete Koblenz
1983 13.11 Шаблон:Flagathlete Westwood
1984 13.15 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1985 13.14 Шаблон:Flagathlete Modesto
1986 13.20 Шаблон:Flagathlete Stuttgart
1987 13.17 Шаблон:Flagathlete Lausanne
1988 12.97 Шаблон:AthAbbr Шаблон:Flagathlete Sestriere
1989 12.92 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1990 13.08 Шаблон:Flagathlete Auckland
1991 13.05 Шаблон:Flagathlete Vigo
1992 13.04 Шаблон:Flagathlete Cologne
1993 12.91 Шаблон:Flagathlete Stuttgart
1994 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Tokyo
1995 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Cologne
1996 12.92 Шаблон:Flagathlete Atlanta
1997 12.93 Шаблон:Flagathlete Athens
1998 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zürich
1999 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Zagreb
2000 12.97 Шаблон:Flagathlete Sacramento
2001 13.04 Шаблон:Flagathlete Edmonton
2002 13.03 Шаблон:Flagathlete Lausanne
2003 12.97 Шаблон:Flagathlete Saint-Denis
2004 12.91 Шаблон:Flagathlete Athens
2005 12.97 Шаблон:Flagathlete Angers
2006 12.88 Шаблон:Flagathlete Lausanne
2007 12.92 Шаблон:Flagathlete New York City
Шаблон:Flagathlete Stuttgart
2008 12.87 Шаблон:Flagathlete Ostrava
2009 13.04 Шаблон:Flagathlete Ostrava
2010 12.89 Шаблон:Flagathlete Saint-Denis
2011 12.94 Шаблон:Flagathlete Eugene
2012 12.80 Шаблон:Flagathlete Brussels
2013 13.00 Шаблон:Flagathlete Moscow
2014 12.94 Шаблон:Flagathlete Saint-Denis
2015 12.94 Шаблон:Flagathlete Saint-Denis
2016 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Shanghai
2017 12.90 Шаблон:Flagathlete Kingston
2018 12.92 Шаблон:Flagathlete Székesfehérvár
2019 12.98 Шаблон:Flagathlete Austin
2020 13.11 Шаблон:Flagathlete Monaco
2021 12.81 Шаблон:Flagathlete Eugene
2022 12.84 Шаблон:Flagathlete New York City
2023 12.93 Шаблон:Flagathlete Eugene

Notes and references

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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