Английская Википедия:12 April 1993 Srebrenica shelling

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On 12 April 1993, the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) launched an artillery attack against the town of Srebrenica, in eastern Bosnia, which left 56 dead and 73 seriously wounded, among whom were 14 children dead in a school playground. The attack came following the suspension of cease-fire talks, hours before NATO would implement a no-fly zone according to an UN resolution. VRS officials had previously told UNHCR representatives that the VRS would shell the town within two days unless it surrendered.

Background

Файл:Map 20 - Bosnia - Srebrenica-Cerska, January 1993.jpg

Eastern Bosnia battleground in January 1993.

Srebrenica was a Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) enclave. It was in a vulnerable location, easily targeted by artillery.Шаблон:Sfn VRS overran the town in April 1992, and it was then recaptured by Muslim irregulars in May.Шаблон:Sfn It was a starting point of Muslim guerrilla activity against Serb settlements in the eastern part of Bosnia during the 1992–93 winter.Шаблон:Sfn Muslim raids on Serb settlements enraged the VRS, inviting for revenge attacks.Шаблон:Sfn Bosnian Muslim forces attacked Kravica, a Serb village, in January 1993.Шаблон:Sfn The VRS responded with a counter-offensive, capturing Konjević Polje and Cerska, severing the Srebrenica–Žepa link and reducing the size of the Srebrenica enclave to 150 km².Шаблон:WhenШаблон:Sfn Thousands of Muslim refugees, cleansed from surrounding settlements, had flocked to the town, sleeping in the open.Шаблон:Sfn The population swelled to 50–60,000.Шаблон:Sfn The VRS blockaded aid convoys from entering the town.Шаблон:Sfn There were reports of terror inflicted by both sides in the months following January.Шаблон:Sfn

UNPROFOR commander Philippe Morillon had on 12 March 1993 promised the town residents that they were under UN protection and that he would 'never abandon' them.Шаблон:Sfn This move angered his superiors, but made him a hero in Srebrenica.Шаблон:Sfn He had been held hostage by the Muslim citizens until he promised to bring security.Шаблон:Sfn The residents lived under siege conditions.Шаблон:Sfn Between March and April, 8–9,000 Bosnian Muslims were evacuated from the town by the UNHCR.Шаблон:Sfn The evacuations were opposed by the Bosnian Muslim government as they contributed to the "ethnic cleansing" of the territory.Шаблон:Sfn

At the beginning of April 1993, the Bosnian Serbs ordered through UNHCR the surrender of the Bosnian government within 48 hours.Шаблон:Sfn They required that the UN forces assist the VRS (headed by Ratko Mladić) by evacuating and disarming over 60,000 people in the enclave.Шаблон:Sfn

Shelling

On 12 April 1993 a VRS artillery attack of two short bombardments on Srebrenica left 56 dead, including children, and 73 seriously wounded.Шаблон:Sfn Shells dropped on the densely packed streets of the town.Шаблон:Sfn 14 bodies of children were found in a school playground (soccer field),Шаблон:Sfn which had been hit by a shell at around 3 PM according to HRW. There was a total of 15 civilian casualties at the playground according to the ICTY.Шаблон:Sfn

The attack came after suspension of cease-fire talks, hours before NATO would implement a no-fly zone according to UNSCR 781.Шаблон:Sfn The VRS had earlier told UNHCR representatives that they would attack the town of Srebrenica within two days unless it surrendered. The Bosnian Serb suspension of talks and shelling of the town 'seemed a deliberate act of malice and political intent'.Шаблон:Sfn UN first reported that the shelling was a response to a Muslim attack, but later retracted the statement since there were no evidence for a Muslim aggression.Шаблон:Sfn The UNPROFOR's handling has been criticized as ineffective.Шаблон:Sfn

Witness accounts

American journalist Chuck Sudetic interviewed Bosnian Army doctor Nedret Mujkanović who claimed 36 people dead on site and 102 seriously wounded at the playground, whom he treated. "People were sitting around in front of the school," he said. "The children were playing football and other games. In less than one minute, seven rockets from a multiple-rocket launcher fell in an area about half the size of a football field." He claimed that the VRS knew that there was a refugee camp at the school and that they directed their fire at that location.

Aftermath and legacy

Файл:Srebrenica Children Massacre Memorial.jpg

Srebrenica Children Massacre Memorial

On 16 April, the UN declared Srebrenica a safe zone, and also put the enclaves of Žepa and Goražde under UN protection.Шаблон:Sfn

A photograph of a blood-covered and blinded boy lying on a stretcher, Sead Bekrić, was widely broadcast and made the front cover of Newsweek. The word "Bosnia" was printed across Sead's injured chest. After seeing him on CNN, a wealthy Croatian-American couple paid for his location and evacuation.

The incident is included in the 26th point ("Shelling of civilian gatherings") in the initial indictment issued by the ICTY on 24 July 1995 against Bosnian Serb leaders Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić. 15 civilian casualties at the Srebrenica playground are listed.Шаблон:Sfn

The incident is also mentioned in Emir Suljagić's personal account of the siege and fall of Srebrenica, Postcards from the Grave.

See also

• Srebrenica massacre

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web