Английская Википедия:16:9 aspect ratio

A 16:9 rectangle in which rectangles visualize the ratio. The groupings are not square.

Файл:Samsung LE26R41BD and Yamada DVD player 20030624.jpg

A television set with the 16:9 image ratio.

16:9 (1.78:1) is a widescreen aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9 units.

Once seen as exotic,^[1] since 2009, it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors, and is also the international standard image format for UHD, HDTV, Full HD, and SD digital television today.

16:9 (1.78:1) ("sixteen-nine") is the international standard format of widescreen^[2] and Wide-aspect Clear-vision.^[3] Japan's Hi-Vision originally started with a 5:3 (1.67:1) ratio but converted when the international standards group introduced a wider ratio of 16:9. Many digital video cameras have the capability to record in 16:9, and 16:9 is the only widescreen aspect ratio natively supported by the Ultra HD Blu-ray standard. It is also the native aspect ratio of Ultra HD Blu-ray discs, but Ultra HD Blu-ray producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 2.00:1 and 2.40:1 within the 16:9 frame adding black bars within the image itself.Шаблон:Citation needed

History

Файл:HDTV aspect ratio derivation.svg

Derivation of the 16:9 aspect ratio

The main figure shows 4:3, 2.00:1, and 2.40:1 rectangles with the same area A, and 16:9 rectangles that covers (black) or is common to (grey) them. The calculation considers the extreme rectangles, where m and n are multipliers to maintain their respective aspect ratios and areas.

Dr. Kerns H. Powers, a member of the SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.7Шаблон:Overline:1) aspect ratio in 1984.^[4] The popular choices in 1980 were 4:3 (based on TV standard's ratio at the time), 15:9 (5:3) (the European "flat" 1.6Шаблон:Overline:1 ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio) and 2.35:1 (the CinemaScope/Panavision) ratio for anamorphic widescreen.

Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.7Шаблон:Overline:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.78:1.^[5] The value found by Powers is exactly the geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 and 2.35:1, <math>\textstyle \sqrt{\frac{47}{15}}</math>Шаблон:Nbsp≈Шаблон:Nbsp1.77 which is coincidentally close to 16:9. Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields an aspect ratio of around 1.5396:1, sometimes approximated as 14:9 (1.5Шаблон:Overline:1), which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios.^[6]

While 16:9 (1.7Шаблон:Overline:1) was initially selected as a compromise format, the subsequent popularity of HD broadcast has solidified 16:9 as perhaps the most common video aspect ratio in use.^[7] Most 4:3 (1.3Шаблон:Overline:1) and 2.40:1 video is now recorded using a "shoot and protect" technique that keeps the main action within a 16:9 (1.7Шаблон:Overline:1) inner rectangle to facilitate 16:9 conversion and viewing.^[8] Conversely it is quite common to use a technique known as center-cutting, to approach the challenge of presenting material shot (typically 16:9) to both an HD and legacy 4:3 audience simultaneously without having to compromise image size for either audience. Content creators frame critical content or graphics to fit within the 1.33:1 raster space. This has similarities to a filming technique called open matte.

In 1993, the European Union instituted the 16:9 Action Plan,^[9] to accelerate the development of the advanced television services in 16:9 aspect ratio, both in PALplus (compatible with regular PAL broadcasts) and also in HD-MAC (an early HD format). The Community fund for the 16:9 Action Plan amounted to €228,000,000.

Over a long period in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the computer industry switched from 4:3 to 16:10 (1.60:1) and then to 16:9 as the most common aspect ratio for monitors and laptops. A 2008 report by DisplaySearch cited a number of reasons for this shift, including the ability for PC and monitor manufacturers to expand their product ranges by offering products with wider screens and higher resolutions, helping consumers to more easily adopt such products and "stimulating the growth of the notebook PC and LCD monitor market".^[10] By using the same aspect ratio for both TVs and monitors, manufacturing can be streamlined and research costs reduced by not requiring two separate sets of equipment, and since a 16:9 is narrower than a 16:10 panel of the same length, more panels can be created per sheet of glass.^[11]^[12]^[13]

In 2011, Bennie Budler, product manager of IT products at Samsung South Africa, confirmed that monitors with a native resolution of Шаблон:Resx were not being manufactured anymore. "It is all about reducing manufacturing costs. The new 16:9 aspect ratio panels are more cost-effective to manufacture locally than the previous 16:10 panels".^[14]

In March 2011, the 16:9 resolution Шаблон:Resx became the most common used resolution among Steam's users. The previous most common resolution was Шаблон:Resx (16:10).^[15] By July 2022, 16:9 resolutions are preferred by 77% of users (Шаблон:Resx with 67%; Шаблон:Resx with 10%).^[16]

Properties

Шаблон:Unsourced section 16:9 is the only widescreen aspect ratio natively supported by the DVD format. An anamorphic PAL region DVD video frame has a maximum resolution of Шаблон:Resx, but a video player software will stretch this to Шаблон:Resx.

Producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 1.85:1 and 2.4:1 within the 16:9 DVD frame by hard matting or adding black bars within the image itself. Some films which were made in a 1.85:1 aspect ratio, such as the U.S.-Italian co-production Man of La Mancha and Kenneth Branagh's Much Ado About Nothing, fit quite comfortably onto a 1.7Шаблон:Overline:1 HDTV screen and have been issued as an enhanced version on DVD without the black bars. Many digital video cameras also have the capability to record in 16:9.

Common resolutions

Common resolutions for 16:9 are listed in the table below:

Width	Height	Name
640	360	nHD
854	480	FWVGA
960	540	qHD
1024	576	WSVGA
1280	720	HD
1366	768	FWXGA
1600	900	HD+
1920	1080	Full HD
2560	1440	QHD
3200	1800	QHD+
3840	2160	4K UHD
5120	2880	5K
7680	4320	8K UHD

Countries

Europe

Country	Channel
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	HRT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, RTL Televizija, RTL 2, Nova TV, Doma TV, RTL Kockica and Sportska Televizija.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.

Oceania

Country	Channel
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.

Asia

Country/Territory	Channel
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	SA TV.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels (Radio Television Brunei).
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	CCTV channels 1–15, CCTV-5+, all CGTN channels. Older contents in 4:3 and news contents are stretched on SD variants of these channels as stretching on SD channels is common.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All HD channels. Most SD channels are still broadcasting in 4:3, either fullscreen or letterboxed.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels. Very few local TV channels still remain in 4:3, for example Шаблон:Ill and Шаблон:Ill.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels. Japan pioneered its analogue HDTV system (MUSE) in 16:9 format, which started in the 1980s. There were also analog NTSC-compatible widescreen broadcasts using the Clear-Vision system. Currently all main channels have digital terrestrial television channels in 16:9. Many satellite broadcast channels are being broadcast in 16:9 as well.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	MNB & MN2, TM Television, TV5, TV6, TV8, Channel 25, Эx Орон, SBN, ETV, MNC, Eagle News TV, Edutainment TV, Star TV, SPS, Sportbox and SHUUD TV.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	Kantipur Television Network, AP1 TV, News 24 (Nepal), TV Filmy and Nepal Television.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All HD channels. Most SD channels are still broadcasting in 4:3, either in fullscreen or letterboxed
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	16:9 native:Шаблон:Efn PTV, ANC (both SD and HD),Шаблон:Efn Kapamilya Channel (HD),Шаблон:Efn CNN Philippines, One PH, One News,Шаблон:Efn One Sports+,Шаблон:Efn Hope Channel Philippines, 3ABN, Hope International, INCTV, Net 25, DZRH News Television, TeleRadyo Serbisyo, all TAP DMV channels (TAP TV, TAP Edge, TAP Movies, TAP Action Flix, TAP Sports, Premier Sports, Premier Tennis, and Premier Football), BuKo, NBA TV Philippines, PBA Rush, UAAP Varsity Channel, Golden Nation Network, Metro Channel, SMNI, SMNI News Channel, PIE, IBC 13, All TV, GMA 7, GTV and its other subchannels, TV5 (both SD and HD). 4:3 upscaled/stretched to 16:9:Шаблон:Efn all of BEAM TV's subchannels, Light Network, UNTV,Шаблон:Efn Ang Dating Daan TV, Kapamilya Channel (SD), One Sports, A2Z, Cine Mo!, SolarFlix, RJ DigiTV.
Шаблон:Flag	All beIN Sports channels, Al Jazeera Arabic, Al Jazeera English, Al Jazeera Mubasher, Qatar TV HD, all Alkass channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels, however 16:9 contents look squashed on older 4:3 sets. Also, all 4:3 contents including news clips are stretched as stretching is common.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All of VTC's channels, VTV channels, HTV channels and K+'s channels (selected programmes), most of local channels.

Шаблон:Notelist

Americas

Country	Channel
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	Always on 16:9: PAT, ATB. Often on 16:9: Bolivia TV.
Шаблон:Flag	Channels change between 16:9 and 4:3 pillarbox depending on what's airing.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels. Expect Telecanal in 4.3 in ident 4:3 letterboxed in commercials.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	Free-to-air television: Las Estrellas, FOROtv, Canal 5, NU9VE, Televisa Regional, Azteca Uno, Azteca 7, a+, adn40, Imagen Televisión, Excélsior TV, Canal Once, Canal 22, Una Voz con Todos, Teveunam, Milenio Televisión, Multimedios Televisión, Teleritmo, and some local HD stations. Pay television: U, Golden, Golden Edge, TL Novelas, Bandamax, De Película, De Película Clásico, Ritmoson Latino, TDN, TeleHit, Distrito Comedia, Tiin, Az Noticias, Az Clic!, Az Mundo, Az Corazón, Az Cinema, 52MX, TVC, TVC Deportes, Pánico, Cinema Platino, Cine Mexicano.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	Almost all channels on free-to-air television, especially HD feeds (ex.: RPC, NPY, Unicanal, channel 7 HD). SD feeds (usually found on pay television) are usually letterboxed and downscaled to 4:3 (ex.: SNT & Paravisión).
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All HD channels. SD feeds are usually letterboxed and downscaled to 4:3.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.

Africa

Шаблон:Expand section

Country	Channel
Шаблон:Flag	Шаблон:Unbulleted list
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.
Шаблон:Flag	All channels.

References

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Cite web

Шаблон:Refend

[1] Шаблон:Cite web

[auto-2] Шаблон:Cite web

[:15-3] Шаблон:Cite book

[4] Шаблон:Citation

[Cinemasource-5] Шаблон:Cite journal

[6] Шаблон:Cite patent

[7] Шаблон:Cite web

[8] Шаблон:Cite journal

[actionplan-9] Шаблон:Cite web

[display-10] Шаблон:Cite web

[11] Шаблон:Cite web

[12] Шаблон:Cite web

[13] Шаблон:Cite web

[14] Шаблон:Cite web

[15] Шаблон:Cite web

[16] Шаблон:Cite web

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Английская Википедия:16:9 aspect ratio

Содержание

History

Properties

Common resolutions

Countries

Europe

Oceania

Asia

Americas

Africa

See also

References

External links

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