Английская Википедия:1808–09 United States Senate elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 1808–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the 1808 presidential election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1808 and 1809, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Federalist Party gained one seat in these elections. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 34, or 18%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.
Results summary
Senate party division, 11th Congress (1809–1811)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (26)
- Minority party: Federalist (7–8)
- Other parties: 0
- Total seats: 34
Change in composition
Before the regular elections
Result of the regular elections
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Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1808 or before March 4, 1809; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
John Quincy Adams | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1803 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term. New senator elected June 9, 1808 having already won election to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Ohio (Class 1) |
John Smith | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1803 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned April 25, 1808, despite surviving an expulsion trial in the Senate. New senator elected December 10, 1808. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Samuel Maclay | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1802 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned before the December 1808 general election (but effective January 4, 1809), believing he would lose re-election. New senator elected January 9, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent's belief was justified as the successor was elected to the next term, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1809; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | James Hillhouse | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1796 1797 1803 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Delaware | Samuel White | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1801 Шаблон:Small 1803 |
Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1802 | Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Massachusetts | John Quincy Adams | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1803 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democratic-Republican. New senator elected June 2, 1808. Federalist hold. Incumbent resigned and winner was elected to finish the current term. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Jersey | John Condit | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1803 Шаблон:Small [[1803 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1803 Шаблон:Small]] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost renomination.[2] New senator elected November 3, 1808 on the second ballot.[2] Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New York | Samuel L. Mitchill | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[November 1804 United States Senate special election in New York|1804 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 7, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Ohio | Return Meigs | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1808 United States Senate special election in Ohio|1808 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent elected December 10, 1808. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Pennsylvania | Samuel Maclay | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1808 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|1808 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 13, 1808 and subsequently elected to finish the remaining term. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Rhode Island | Benjamin Howland | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1804 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island|1804 Шаблон:Small]] | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 5, 1808. Federalist gain. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee|1797 Шаблон:Small]] 1799 Шаблон:Small [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 Шаблон:Small]] 1803 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Loss | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. Incumbent was appointed to begin the term and was later elected to finish the term. |
Election was late, see above |
| Vermont | Jonathan Robinson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1807 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1807 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected in 1808. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Virginia | Andrew Moore | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1804 Шаблон:Small 1804 Шаблон:Small [[1804 United States Senate special elections in Virginia|1804 Шаблон:Small]] |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent retired.[3] New senator elected in 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was elected in 1809 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Joseph Anderson | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee|1797 Шаблон:Small]] 1799 Шаблон:Small [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 Шаблон:Small]] 1803 1809 Шаблон:Small |
Interim appointee elected April 11, 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Daniel Smith | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1798 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1798 Шаблон:Small]] 1799 Шаблон:Small 1803 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned March 31, 1809. New senator elected April 11, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was subsequently re-elected early to the following Congress, see below. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Francis Malbone | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist | Federalist | 1808 | Шаблон:Party shading/Federalist/Hold | Newly seated incumbent died. New senator elected June 26, 1809. Federalist hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Ohio (Class 3) |
Stanley Griswold | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1809 Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent appointee retired. New senator elected December 12, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| Georgia (Class 3) |
John Milledge | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1806 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1806 Шаблон:Small]] 1806 |
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold | Incumbent resigned November 14, 1809. New senator elected November 27, 1809 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
Шаблон:Plainlist |
| New Jersey (Class 2) |
John Condit | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
1803 Шаблон:Small [[1803 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1803 Шаблон:Small]] 1809 Шаблон:Small 1809 Шаблон:Small |
Incumbent appointee elected November 2, 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Early race leading to the Congress-after-next
In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee | Jenkin Whiteside | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Democratic- Republican |
[[1809 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee|1809 Шаблон:Small]] | Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809. | Шаблон:Plainlist |
Connecticut
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Delaware
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Georgia (special)
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Maryland
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section Шаблон:Infobox election Samuel Smith was appointed to the seat as opposed to a re-election, due to the State House and State Senate unable to come to an agreement on how to elect a Senator.
Samuel Smith then won re-election over John Eager Howard by a margin of 27.59%, or 24 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[4]
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (regular)
Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box total no change Шаблон:End
Massachusetts (special)
New Jersey
New Jersey (regular)
New Jersey (special)
New York
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Ohio
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Ohio (specials)
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (regular)
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Expand section
Pennsylvania (special)
Rhode Island
Rhode Island (regular)
Rhode Island (special)
Tennessee
Class 1
Joseph Anderson, a Democratic-Republican, held a prominent position in Class 1 of the United States Senate, serving intermittently in both the mentioned Senate seat and the other throughout a substantial period, commencing in 1797. His presence in the Senate reflected his notable political influence and the confidence reposed in him by the electorate. Anderson's periodic service underscored the dynamic nature of early American politics, where individuals frequently transitioned between public service and other pursuits. His extended tenure afforded him the opportunity to contribute to various legislative discussions and debates, leaving a lasting impact on the political landscape during a pivotal era in the nation's history.
Tennessee (regular, class 1)
The Tennessee state legislature encountered a challenge in electing a new senator, resulting in a temporary vacancy in the representation. The seat faced the prospect of becoming officially vacant at the commencement of the term on March 4, 1809. However, in response to the legislative deadlock, the Governor of Tennessee, Willie Blount, took a proactive step and appointed Joseph Anderson to initiate the term on an interim basis. This appointment served as a temporary measure, bridging the gap until a special election could be conducted to fill the senatorial position in accordance with the democratic process.
Tennessee (special, class 1)
Joseph Anderson secured election on April 11, 1809, thereby formalizing his position to complete the senatorial term. This electoral outcome marked the resolution of the previous legislative challenges, as Anderson garnered the necessary support to officially fill the Senate seat. Шаблон:Expand section
Class 2
Democratic-Republican Daniel Smith entered the political arena with his initial election in 1803, marking the commencement of his service in public office. His affiliation with the Democratic-Republican party underlines the prevailing political dynamics of the time, as the United States navigated through the early years of the 19th century.
Tennessee (special, class 2)
Smith resigned March 31, 1809.
Democratic-Republican Jenkin Whiteside was elected April 11, 1809 to finish Smith's term, which would end 1809. Шаблон:Expand section
Tennessee (regular, class 2)
Whiteside was re-elected early October 28, 1809, unopposed.[5]
Vermont
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
Virginia
Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Expand section
See also
Notes
External links
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
Шаблон:United States Senate elections Шаблон:1808 United States elections Шаблон:1809 United States elections
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web, citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 9, 1808.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web, citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 16, 1809.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокTennessee General 2не указан текст
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