Английская Википедия:1827 in science
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Шаблон:Year nav topic5 Шаблон:Science year nav
The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
- Aluminium isolated by Friedrich Wöhler.[1]
- William Prout classifies the components of food into the three main divisions of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.[2]
- Zeise's salt is the first platinum/olefin complex, an early example of organometallic chemistry.
- John Walker first offers friction matches for sale.
Exploration
- William Edward Parry reaches 82°45'N, which will remain for 49 years the highest latitude attained.[3][4]
Geology
- Gideon Mantell publishes his Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex, including the first use of the binomial Megalosaurus bucklandii.
- G. Poulett Scrope publishes his Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the volcanic formations…, extending by detailed observation his work on volcanology.[5]
History of science
- John Farey publishes A Treatise on the Steam Engine, historical, practical and descriptive in London.
Medicine
- Robert Adams first describes the cardiac condition which will become known as Adams-Stokes syndrome.[6][7]
- Richard Bright first describes the renal condition which will become known as Bright's disease.[8]
Physics
- Robert Brown observes the phenomenon of Brownian motion.[9]
- Joseph Fourier first proposes existence of the greenhouse effect.[10]
Technology
- April 26–May 24 – The Royal Netherlands Navy's British-built paddle steamer Curaçao makes the first Transatlantic Crossing by steam, from Hellevoetsluis to Paramaribo.[11]
- May 25 – Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru is granted a French patent for a fountain pen.
- c. July – Robert Wilson of Dunbar in Scotland demonstrates a screw propeller.
- Completion of Ozimek Suspension Bridge in Poland, designed by Karl Schottelius, possibly the oldest surviving wrought iron suspension bridge in continental Europe.
- Jacob Perkins introduces the uniflow steam engine to the United Kingdom.[12]
Zoology
- John James Audubon begins publication of The Birds of America in the United Kingdom.
- Three giraffes, the first to be seen in Europe for over three centuries, are presented by the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, Mehmet Ali Pasha. Zarafa is presented to King Charles X of France in Paris on 9 July having walked from Marseilles (landed 31 October 1826). The others are presented to King George IV of the United Kingdom in London and the Austrian Emperor Francis I in Vienna.[13]
Higher Education
- Royal Institute of Technology (originally named 'Technological Institute') founded in Stockholm, Sweden.
Awards
Births
- January 13 (O.S. January 1) – Nikolay Beketov (died 1911), Russian chemist.
- January 7 – Sandford Fleming (died 1915), Scottish-born Canadian engineer and surveyor known as the "father of time zones".
- April 5 – Joseph Lister (died 1912), British inventor of antiseptic.
- May 31 – Kusumoto Ine (born Shiimoto Ine, died 1903), pioneering Japanese woman physician.
- August 27 – Henry Edwards (died 1891), English-born entomologist and actor.
- November 30 – George Jackson Mivart (died 1900), English biologist.
- December 29 – Bernhard Sigmund Schultze (died 1919), German obstetrician.
- Henry Gray (died 1861), English anatomist.
Deaths
- March 5
- Pierre-Simon Laplace (born 1749), French mathematician.
- Alessandro Volta (born 1745), Italian physicist.
- April 3 – Ernst Chladni (born 1756), German physicist.
- April 12 - Michele Troja (born 1747), Italian physician[15]
- July 14 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel (born 1788), French physicist.
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Narrative of the Attempt to reach the North Pole, &c.. 1827.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang A. von Schoenberg, Biographie de Michel Troja, Dr et professeur in Шаблон:Cite book
