Английская Википедия:1894 Ontario general election

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Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1894 Ontario general election was the eighth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 26, 1894, to elect the 94 Members of the 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").[1]

The main issues were the Liberals' "Ontario System", as well as French language schools, farmer interests, support for Toronto business, woman suffrage, the temperance movement, and the demands of labour unions.[2]

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, formed the government for the seventh consecutive parliament, even though some of its members were elected under joint banners: either with the Patrons of Industry or the Protestant Protective Association.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, formed the official opposition.

The Patrons of Industry, a farmers' organization formed in 1890, cooperated with the urban labour movement to address the political frustrations of both groups with big business. Sixteen members of the Legislative Assembly were elected with Patrons of Industry support—12 Liberals, one Conservative, and three who ran only under the "Patrons of Industry" banner.

The Protestant Protective Association (PPA) was an anti-Catholic group, associated with the Orange Order. It campaigned against the rights of Catholics and French-Canadians, and argued that Roman Catholics were attempting to take over Ontario. Nine candidates were elected with PPA support, 6 Conservatives, 1 Liberal and 2 who ran only under the PPA banner. The PPA worked most closely with the Conservative opposition.

Unlike the previous two elections, this election strictly used First past the post to elect the members. The Toronto district was divided into separate single member districts, as part of the expansion of the Assembly.

Expansion of the Legislative Assembly

An Act passed just prior to the election[3] increased the size of the Assembly from 91 to 94 seats:

Results

Шаблон:Election table[1] |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=5 | MPPs ! colspan=3 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1890 !Dissol. !1894 !± !# !% ! ± (pp) Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Oliver Mowat |80 |53 | |45 |8Шаблон:Decrease |153,826 |40.99% |8.64Шаблон:Decrease Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|William Ralph Meredith |56 |34 | |23 |11Шаблон:Decrease |104,369 |27.81% |12.07Шаблон:Decrease Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Liberal-Patrons |style="text-align:left;"| |26 |– |– |12 |12Шаблон:Increase |44,029 |11.73% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|ConservativeP.P.A. |style="text-align:left;"| |13 |– |– |5 |5Шаблон:Increase |24,616 |6.56% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Joseph Longford Haycock |7 |– |– |3 |3Шаблон:Increase |10,465 |2.79% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Conservative-Patrons |style="text-align:left;"| |7 |– |– |2 |2Шаблон:Increase |11,608 |3.09% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Liberal-P.P.A. |style="text-align:left;"| |2 |– |– |2 |2Шаблон:Increase |3,649 |0.97% |Шаблон:N/a |- |style="background-color:#FF8000;"| |style="text-align:left;"|Protestant Protective Association |style="text-align:left;"| |8 |– |– |1 |1Шаблон:Increase |11,015 |2.94% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"| |1 |– |– |1 |1Шаблон:Increase |2,326 |0.62% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"| |9 |– |– |– | |9,374 |2.50% |Шаблон:N/a Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Liberal-Equal Rights |style="text-align:left;"| | |2 |– |– |2Шаблон:Decrease |colspan="3"|Did not campaign Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Conservative-Equal Rights |style="text-align:left;"| | |2 |– |– |2Шаблон:Decrease |colspan="3"|Did not campaign Шаблон:Canadian party colour |colspan="3"| | |colspan="5"| |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Total |209 |91 |91 |94 | |375,277 |100.00% | |- |colspan="8" style="text-align:left;"|Blank and invalid ballots |align="right"|3,886 |style="background:#E9E9E9;" colspan="2"| |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |colspan="8" style="text-align:left;"|Registered voters / turnout |539,358 |70.30% |0.70Шаблон:Increase |}

Seats and popular vote by party of major influence
Party Seats Votes Change (pp)

Шаблон:Canadian party colour[a 1]

Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable

Шаблон:Canadian party colour[a 1]

Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable

Шаблон:Canadian party colour

Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable
Protestant Protective Association[a 2] Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable

Шаблон:Canadian party colour

Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable

Шаблон:Canadian party colour

Шаблон:Composition bar Шаблон:Percentage bar Шаблон:Bartable

Шаблон:Reflist

Before the Legislature's first session opened, four by-elections were called. William Ralph Meredith (London) resigned to accept appointment as a judge, while the elections of James M. Savage (Algoma West), John Senn (Haldimand) and Edward H. Smythe (Kingston) were overturned on appeal. The Liberals won all four Conservative seats, thus securing a majority in the Assembly. That, together with the inability of the Patrons of Industry and the Conservatives to combine on any issue, ensured the Liberals' hold on power.[4]


Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1890 Ontario general election[1]
Riding[a 3] Winning party Turnout Votes
Name[a 4] 1890 Party Votes Share Margin
#
Margin
%
Lib Con Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr Total
 
Addington Con Con 1,849 52.89% 202 5.78% 75.79% 1,647 1,849 3,496
Algoma East Con Lib 1,982 50.85% 66 1.69% 50.48% 1,982 1,916 3,898
Algoma West Lib Con 1,137 50.13% 6 0.26% 52.42% 1,131 1,137 2,268
Brant North Lib Lib 1,192 61.44% 444 22.89% 77.41% 1,192 748 1,940
Brant South Lib Lib 2,597 56.74% 617 13.48% 79.56% 2,597 1,980 4,577
Brockville Lib Lib 2,045 53.49% 267 6.98% 71.43% 2,045 1,778 3,823
Bruce Centre Lib L-PI 1,932 57.97% 531 15.93% 69.91% 1,401 1,932 3,333
Bruce North Con L-PP 1,369 39.35% 246 7.07% 63.61% 1,123 987 1,369[a 5] 3,479
Bruce South Lib Lib 1,913 52.05% 151 4.11% 68.91% 1,913 1,762 3,675
Cardwell Con C-PI 1,888 54.93% 345 10.04% 65.18% 6 3,431[a 6] 3,437
Carleton Con C-PI 1,986 63.61% 850 27.23% 68.07% 1,136 1,986 3,122
Dufferin C-ER PI 2,465 57.05% 609 14.09% 71.28% 1,856 2,465 4,321
Dundas Con Con 2,010 52.44% 187 4.88% 77.22% 2,010 1,823 3,833
Durham East C-ER Con 1,746 56.49% 401 12.97% 66.84% 1,746 1,345 3,091
Durham West Lib C-PP 1,646 50.94% 61 1.89% 84.42% 1,585 1,646 3,231
Elgin East Con Con 1,700 43.72% 366 9.41% 74.35% 1,334 1,700 854 3,888
Elgin West Con L-PI 2,851 51.55% 171 3.09% 80.82% 2,680 2,851 5,531
Essex North Con Lib 1,843 42.46% 246 5.67% 54.60% 1,843 901 1,597 4,341
Essex South Lib Lib 2,521 52.82% 789 16.53% 79.15% 2,521 520 1,732 4,773
Frontenac Con L-PI 1,517 52.26% 131 4.51% 61.94% 1,386 1,517 2,903
Glengarry Lib L-PI 2,030 55.22% 384 10.45% 70.96% 2,030 1,646 3,676
Grenville Con Con 1,826 47.88% 492 12.90% 64.99% 1,334 1,826 654 3,814
Grey Centre Con PPA 1,735 42.67% 542 13.33% 67.33% 1,138 2,928[a 7] 4,066
Grey North Lib Lib 1,646 38.09% 213 4.93% 66.04% 1,646 1,242 1,433 4,321
Grey South Con PI 2,401 59.83% 789 19.66% 69.29% 1,612 2,401 4,013
Haldimand Lib Con 1,693 50.22% 15 0.44% 76.00% 1,678 1,693 3,371
Halton Con Con 2,269 51.25% 111 2.51% 77.10% 2,158 2,269 4,427
Hamilton East New Lib 2,348 51.09% 100 2.18% 78.01% 2,348 2,248 4,596
Hamilton West New Lib 2,468 55.10% 457 10.20% 78.80% 2,468 2,011 4,479
Hastings East Con L-PI 1,574 52.70% 161 5.39% 63.32% 1,413 1,574 2,987
Hastings North Con PI 1,782 50.71% 50 1.42% 61.37% 1,732 1,782 3,514
Hastings West Lib Lib 1,473 51.41% 81 2.83% 56.05% 1,473 1,392 2,865
Huron East Lib Lib 2,129 55.95% 453 11.91% 74.44% 2,129 1,676 3,805
Huron South Lib Lib 2,335 50.24% 22 0.47% 79.03% 2,335 2,313 4,648
Huron West Lib Lib 2,263 50.85% 76 1.71% 73.39% 2,263 2,187 4,450
Kent East Lib Lib 2,365 55.03% 432 10.05% 61.62% 2,365 1,933 4,298
Kent West Con L-PI 3,106 54.52% 515 9.04% 71.59% 2,591 3,106 5,697
Kingston Con Con 1,710 50.01% 1 0.03% 80.89% 1,709 1,710 3,419
Lambton East Lib IC-PP 2,326 52.06% 184 4.12% 78.15% 2,142 2,326[a 8] 4,468
Lambton West Lib C-PP 3,044 50.73% 88 1.47% 63.63% 2,956 3,044 6,000
Lanark North L-ER Con 1,499 50.44% 26 0.87% 75.08% 1,473 1,499 2,972
Lanark South Con Con 1,830 53.03% 623 18.05% 69.08% 1,207 1,830 414 3,451
Leeds Con Con 1,999 55.14% 373 10.29% 65.02% 1,999 1,626 3,625
Lennox Con Con 1,089 39.09% 112 4.02% 67.24% 977 1,089 720 2,786
Lincoln Con Con 2,548 51.23% 122 2.45% 76.62% 2,548 2,426 4,974
London Con Con 3,273 51.07% 137 2.14% 86.29% 3,136 3,273 6,409
Middlesex East Con L-PP 2,280 54.79% 399 9.59% 69.27% 1,881 2,280 4,161
Middlesex North Lib L-PI 2,015 51.64% 128 3.28% 75.79% 2,015 1,887 3,902
Middlesex West Lib Lib 1,970 51.46% 112 2.93% 79.59% 1,970 1,858 3,828
Monck Lib Lib 1,519 51.13% 67 2.26% 72.61% 1,519 1,452 2,971
Muskoka Con C-PP 1,803 52.44% 168 4.89% 75.02% 1,635 1,803 3,438
Nipissing Lib Lib 1,345 65.83% 647 31.67% 56.12% 1,345 698 2,043
Norfolk North Lib Lib 1,690 54.64% 287 9.28% 76.63% 1,690 1,403 3,093
Norfolk South Lib Lib 1,424 50.37% 21 0.74% 73.06% 1,424 1,403 2,827
Northumberland East Con Con 1,701 38.76% 179 4.08% 74.35% 1,522 2,867[a 9] 4,389
Northumberland West Lib Lib 1,402 52.27% 146 5.44% 73.18% 1,402 1,256 24 2,682
Ontario North Con Lib 2,114 50.90% 75 1.81% 79.45% 2,114 2,039 4,153
Ontario South Lib Lib 2,884 52.94% 320 5.87% 82.45% 2,884 2,564 5,448
Oxford North Lib Lib 2,197 58.40% 632 16.80% 64.35% 2,197 1,565 3,762
Oxford South Lib Lib 2,454 54.21% 381 8.42% 71.16% 2,454 2,073 4,527
Parry Sound Lib L-PI 1,968 56.94% 480 13.89% 42.89% 1,488 1,968 3,456
Peel Lib Lib 2,273 54.78% 397 9.57% 75.59% 2,273 1,876 4,149
Perth North Lib Con 2,957 50.93% 108 1.86% 81.23% 2,849 2,957 5,806
Perth South Lib L-PI 2,232 50.26% 23 0.52% 75.32% 2,209 2,232 4,441
Peterborough East Lib Lib 1,621 58.37% 465 16.74% 62.43% 1,621 1,156 2,777
Peterborough West Lib Lib 2,280 60.00% 760 20.00% 75.10% 2,280 1,520 3,800
Prescott Lib Lib 2,038 71.06% 1,208 42.12% 58.42% 2,038 830 2,868
Prince Edward Lib L-PI 2,149 53.35% 667 16.56% 71.00% 1,482 2,149 397 4,028
Renfrew North Con Lib 1,978 54.40% 320 8.80% 75.46% 1,978 1,658 3,636
Renfrew South Lib Lib 1,802 53.41% 231 6.85% 69.55% 3,373[a 10] 1 3,374
Russell Lib Lib 1,976 62.47% 789 24.94% 48.17% 1,976 1,187 3,163
Simcoe Centre Lib Lib 1,170 36.76% 79 2.48% 67.88% 1,170 922 1,091 3,183
Simcoe East Con Con 2,021 43.21% 124 2.65% 67.07% 1,897 2,021 759 4,677
Simcoe West Con L-PI 1,509 51.48% 87 2.97% 58.38% 2,931[a 11] 2,931
Stormont Lib L-PI 1,809 47.02% 404 10.50% 62.89% 1,405 633 1,809 3,847
Toronto East New C-PP 3,401 66.12% 1,658 32.23% 62.00% 1,743 3,401[a 12] 5,144
Toronto North New Con 4,007 55.58% 805 11.17% 71.21% 3,202 4,007 7,209
Toronto South New Con 6,073 60.31% 2,077 20.63% 71.35% 3,996 6,073 10,069
Toronto West New Con 4,366 60.53% 1,519 21.06% 68.31% 2,847 4,366 7,213
Victoria East Con Con 1,688 54.40% 273 8.80% 60.24% 1,688 1,415 3,103
Victoria West L-ER Lib 1,785 48.64% 470 12.81% 70.62% 1,785 1,315 570 3,670
Waterloo North Lib Lib 2,042 51.11% 918 22.98% 64.48% 2,042 1,124 829 3,995
Waterloo South Lib Lib 2,212 55.63% 448 11.27% 65.85% 3,976[a 13] 3,976
Welland Con Lib 2,579 50.90% 91 1.80% 78.16% 2,579 2,488 5,067
Wellington East Lib Lib 1,308 36.90% 55 1.55% 71.66% 1,308 984 1,253 3,545
Wellington South Lib Lib 1,993 60.39% 686 20.79% 59.46% 1,993 1,307 3,300
Wellington West Lib C-PP 1,718 54.49% 283 8.98% 65.91% 1,435 1,718 3,153
Wentworth North Lib Lib 1,449 51.31% 74 2.62% 78.75% 1,449 1,375 2,824
Wentworth South Lib Lib 1,551 55.37% 301 10.75% 83.84% 1,551 1,250 2,801
York East Lib Lib 1,959 56.23% 434 12.46% 67.24% 1,959 1,525 3,484
York North Lib Lib 2,035 54.28% 321 8.56% 61.07% 2,035 1,714 3,749
York West Lib Con 2,151 50.62% 53 1.25% 72.41% 2,098 2,151 4,249

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Color box = open seat
Шаблон:Color box = turnout is above provincial average
Шаблон:Color box = winning candidate was in previous Legislature
Шаблон:Color box = incumbent had switched allegiance
Шаблон:Color box = previously incumbent in another riding
Шаблон:Color box = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature
Шаблон:Color box = incumbency arose from byelection gain
Шаблон:Color box = incumbency arose from prior election result being overturned by the court
Шаблон:Color box = other incumbents renominated
Шаблон:Color box = joint Conservative candidate
Шаблон:Color box = joint Independent Conservative candidate
Шаблон:Color box = joint Liberal candidate
Шаблон:Color box = joint Labour candidate
Шаблон:Color box = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada
Шаблон:Color box = multiple candidates

Шаблон:Election table[1] |- ! colspan=2 | Political party ! Candidate ! Votes ! % ! Elected ! Incumbent |- Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|George O. O'Keefe |3,381 ||29.99 |style="text-align:center;"|Шаблон:Aye |- Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Erskine Henry Bronson |3,316 ||29.41 |style="text-align:center;"|Шаблон:Aye |style="text-align:center;"|Шаблон:Aye |- Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|Taylor McVeitty |2,616 ||23.20 |- Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|A. F. McIntyre |1,923 ||17.06 |- Шаблон:Canadian party colour |style="text-align:left;"|T. H. Beck |39 ||0.65 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Majority[a 14] |700 ||6.21 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Turnout |6,841 ||56.11 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Registered voters |12,193 |} Шаблон:Reflist

Analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place[1][a 15]
Party in 1st place Party in 2nd place Total
Lib Con L-PI C-PP POI C-PI PPA Ind Lab-PI
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2 17 9 5 2 1 5 2 43
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 18 2 1 1 1 23
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 5 4 1 1 1 12
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 4 1 5
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 2 3
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 1 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 1
Total 33 24 11 7 2 4 6 4 1 92

Шаблон:Reflist

Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party[1]
Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 44 34 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 23 24 9
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 12 11 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 5 7 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 3 2 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2 4 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 6 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 4 3 1 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Resulting composition of the 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario[1]
Source Party Total
Lib Con POI L-PI C-PI PPA L-PP C-PP IC-PP
Seats retained Incumbents returned 26 9 35
Open seats held 8 4 12
Byelection loss reversed 1 1
Defeated by same-party candidate 1 1
Seats changing hands Incumbents defeated 3 4 3 6 1 1 3 21
Open seats gained 1 1 6 1 1 1 11
Byelection gains held 1 1 2
Incumbent changed allegiance 1 1
Incumbent from 3rd-party byelection gain changed allegiance 1 1 2
New seat New MLAs 1 2 3
Previously incumbent in the Legislature 1 1 1 3
Ottawa seats MLA returned 1 1
New MLAs 1 1
Total 45 23 3 12 2 1 2 5 1 94


MLAs elected by region and riding

Party designations are as follows:

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend


Шаблон:Col-beginШаблон:Col-break

Northern Ontario


Ottawa Valley


Saint Lawrence Valley


Central Ontario

Шаблон:Col-break

Georgian Bay


Wentworth/Halton/Niagara


Midwestern Ontario

Шаблон:Col-break

Southwestern Ontario


Peel/York/Ontario


Шаблон:Col-end Шаблон:Reflist

Division of ridings

The newly created ridings returned the following MLAs:

1890 1894
Riding Party MLAs Riding Party MLAs
Toronto Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2 Toronto East Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Toronto North Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 Toronto South Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Toronto West Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Hamilton Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 Hamilton East Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Hamilton West Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1
Ottawa Шаблон:Canadian party colour 1 converted to dual-member riding Шаблон:Canadian party colour 2

Seats that changed hands

Шаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colourШаблон:Canadian party colour
Elections to the 8th Parliament of Ontario – unaltered seats won/lost by party, 1890–1894
Party 1890 Gain from (loss to) 1894
Lib Con Lib-P C-PPA POI Con-P L-PPA PPA ICP L-ER C-ER
50 6 (4) (7) (3) (1) (1) 1 41
32 4 (6) (5) (1) (1) (2) (2) (1) 1 1 20
Liberal-Patrons 7 5 12
ConservativeP.P.A. 3 1 4
1 1 1 3
Conservative-Patrons 2 2
Liberal-P.P.A. 2 2
Protestant Protective Association 1 1
1 1
2 (1) (1)
2 (1) (1)
Total 86 16 (7) 18 (6) (12) (4) (3) (2) (2) (1) (1) 2 2 86

Of the constituencies that were not altered, there were 38 seats that changed allegiance in the election:

Шаблон:Col-beginШаблон:Col-break

Liberal to Conservative
Liberal to Liberal/Patrons of Industry
Liberal to Conservative/PPA
Liberal to Patrons of Industry
Liberal to Independent-Conservative/PPA
Conservative to Liberal

Шаблон:Col-break

Conservative to Liberal/Patrons of Industry
Conservative to Conservative/PPA
Conservative to Patrons of Industry
Conservative to Conservative/Patrons of Industry
Conservative to Liberal/PPA
Conservative to PPA
Liberal/Equal Rights to Liberal
Liberal/Equal Rights to Conservative
Conservative/Equal Rights to Conservative
Conservative/Equal Rights to Patrons of Industry

Шаблон:Col-end

See also

Notes and references

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist


Шаблон:Ontario elections

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. Janet B. Kerr, "Sir Oliver Mowat and the Campaign of 1894," Ontario History, March 1963, Vol. 55 Issue 1, pp 1-13
  3. Шаблон:Cite canlaw
  4. Шаблон:Cite DCB


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