Английская Википедия:1967 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Guatemalan writer Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974) "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America."[1] He is the first Guatemalan and the second Latin American author to receive the prize after the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral won in 1945.[2]
Laureate
Шаблон:Main Miguel Angel Asturias first book Leyendas de Guatemala ("Legends of Guatemala", 1930) is a compilation of stories originating from Mayan legends. His debut novel El Señor Presidente ("The President", 1946) was a brutal portrayal of a Latin American dictatorship in the early 20th century. He wrote a trilogy – The Banana Trilogy – about the rampage of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala in the 1950s, which included Viento Fuerte ("Strong Wind", 1950), El Papa Verde ("The Green Pope", 1954), and Los ojos de los enterrados ("The Eyes of the Interred", 1960). The works of Asturias are pervaded with social pathos and a potent language that fuses myth and reality, and are generally concerned with repression and injustice against the poor and the weak, both in Guatemala and the rest of Latin America.[3] His other well-known works include Hombres de maíz ("Men of Maize", 1949) and Mulata de tal ("The Mulatta and Mr. Fly", 1963).[4][3]
Deliberations
Nominations
Miguel Ángel Asturias was first nominated in 1964 by Erik Lindegren, a member of the Swedish Academy, and became an annual nominee until 1967 when he was eventually awarded with the prize. He received 3 nominations in 1967 with a single joint nomination with Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges.[5][6]
In total, the Nobel Committee received 112 nominations for 69 individuals including Samuel Beckett, Thornton Wilder, Lawrence Durrell, E. M. Forster, Georges Simenon, Ezra Pound, Robert Graves, André Malraux and J. R. R. Tolkien. Eighteen of the nominees were nominated first-time such as Ivan Drach, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Rabbe Enckell, Saul Bellow (awarded in 1976), Jorge Amado, György Lukács, Claude Simon (awarded in 1985), Pavlo Tychyna, and Hans Magnus Enzensberger. The highest number of nominations was for the Spanish writer José María Pemán with eight nominations from academics and literary critics. The oldest nominee was the Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal (aged 98) and the youngest was Ukrainian poet Ivan Drach (aged 31). Five of the nominees were women namely Katherine Anne Porter, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Lina Kostenko, Anna Seghers and Judith Wright.[7]
The authors Djamaluddin Adinegoro, Marcel Aymé, Margaret Ayer Barnes, Vladimir Bartol, Ion Buzdugan, Ilya Ehrenburg, Forough Farrokhzad, Sidney Bradshaw Fay, Hugo Gernsback, João Guimarães Rosa, Langston Hughes, Lajos Kassák, Patrick Kavanagh, Margaret Kennedy, José Martínez Ruiz, André Maurois, Carson McCullers, Christopher Okigbo, Dorothy Parker, Arthur Ransome, Elmer Rice, Georges Sadoul, Siegfried Sassoon, Alice B. Toklas, Jean Toomer, David Unaipon, Robert van Gulik, Adrienne von Speyr, and Vernon Watkins died in 1967 without having been nominated for the prize. The Ukrainian poet Pavlo Tychyna died months before the announcement.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jorge Amado (1912–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 2 | Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902–1987) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Gunnar Ekelöf (1907–1968) |
| 3 | Louis Aragon (1897–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Cyrille Arnavon (1915–1978) |
| 4 | Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 5 | Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, screenplay | Walther Braune (1900–1989) |
| 6 | Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 7 | Saul Bellow (1915–2005) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, memoir, essays | PEN Centre Germany |
| 8 | Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 9 | Emil Boyson (1897–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, translation | Asbjørn Aarnes (1923–2013) |
| 10 | Arturo Capdevila (1889–1967) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays, history | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 11 | Josep Carner (1884–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 12 | Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) |
| 13 | René Char (1907–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Georges Blin (1917–2015) |
| 14 | Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh (1892–1997) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, translation | Ehsan Yarshater (1920–2018) |
| 15 | Lawrence Durrell (1912–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, drama, essays | Harald Patzer (1910–2005) |
| 16 | Rabbe Enckell (1903–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, poetry | Kauko Aatos Ojala (1919–1987) |
| 17 | Hans Magnus Enzensberger (1929–2022) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation | Wolfgang Baumgart (1949–2011) |
| 18 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | Albrecht Dihle (1923–2020) |
| 19 | Max Frisch (1911–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 20 | Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) |
| 21 | Jean Genet (1910–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, autobiography, drama, screenplay, poetry, essays | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) |
| 22 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 23 | Witold Gombrowicz (1904–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel, drama | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 24 | Robert Graves (1895–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | history, novel, poetry, literary criticism, essays | John Wintour Baldwin Barns (1912–1974) |
| 25 | Graham Greene (1904–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) |
| 26 | Lawrence Sargent Hall (1915–1993) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | Robert Brumbaugh (1918–1992) |
| 27 | Taha Hussein (1889–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, translation | Jussi Aro (1928–1983) |
| 28 | Eugène Ionesco (1909–1994) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
drama, essays | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) |
| 29 | Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, novel, memoir | Rudolf Till (1911–1979) |
| 30 | Friedrich Georg Jünger (1898–1977) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, novel, drama | Fritz Schalk (1902–1980) |
| 31 | Marie Luise Kaschnitz (1901–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, drama | Hermann Tiemann (1899–1981) |
| 32 | Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Howard Hibbett (1920–2019) |
| 33 | Basij Khalkhali (1918–1995) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Sadeq Rezazadeh Shafaq (1892–1971) |
| 34 | Väinö Linna (1920–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | novel | Lars Huldén (1926–2016) |
| 35 | György Lukács (1885–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, literary criticism | Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) |
| 36 | Karl Löwith (1897–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy | Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) |
| 37 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 38 | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, history | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 39 | Yukio Mishima (1925–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, literary criticism | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) |
| 40 | Eugenio Montale (1896–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Uberto Limentani (1913–1989) |
| 41 | Henry de Montherlant (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, novel, drama | Pierre Grimal (1912–1996) |
| 42 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Gustaf Fredén (1898–1987) |
| 43 | Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | André Saint-Lu (1916–2009) |
| 44 | Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism | Naoshirō Tsuji (1899–1979) |
| 45 | Germán Pardo García (1902–1991) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry | James Willis Robb (1918–2010) |
| 46 | Konstantin Paustovsky (1892–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 47 | José María Pemán (1897–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 48 | André Pézard (1893–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | translation, essays | Wilhelm Theodor Elwert (1906–1997) |
| 49 | Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, essays | Cleanth Brooks (1906–1994) |
| 50 | Ezra Pound (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 51 | Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Rahnamā (1894–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, translation | The Iranian PEN Club |
| 52 | Anna Seghers (1900–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Akademie der Künste der DDR |
| 53 | Georges Simenon (1903–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, memoir | Justin O'Brien (1906–1968) |
| 54 | Claude Simon (1913–2005) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) |
| 55 | Charles Percy Snow (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Friedrich Schubel (1904–1991) |
| 56 | John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, philology, essays, literary criticism | Gösta Holm (1916–2011) |
| 57 | Pavlo Tychyna (1891–1967) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) |
| 58 | Ivan Drach (1936–2018) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism, drama | |
| 59 | Lina Kostenko (b. 1930) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | |
| 60 | Pietro Ubaldi (1886–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays | Academia Santista de Letras |
| 61 | Robert Penn Warren (1905–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, essays, literary criticism | Franz Link (1924–2001) |
| 62 | Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 63 | Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, essays, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 64 | Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 65 | Edmund Wilson (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism, short story, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 66 | Judith Wright (1915–2000) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism, novel, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 67 | Carl Zuckmayer (1896–1977) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 68 | Arnold Zweig (1887–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Akademie der Künste der DDR |
| 69 | Arnulf Øverland (1889–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
Prize decision
Asturias was shortlisted along with Jorge Luis Borges, Graham Greene, W.H. Auden and Yasunari Kawabata (awarded in 1968). Anders Österling, chairman of the Swedish Academy's Nobel committee, favored Graham Greene whom he descried as "an accomplished observer whose experience encompasses a global diversity of external environments, and above all the mysterious aspects of the inner world, human conscience, anxiety and nightmares",[8] Österling's second proposal was Kawabata, and Auden his third. An opposing group in the committee including Eyvind Johnson, Erik Lindegren and Henry Olsson did not agree with Österling and presented an alternative proposal with a shared prize to Asturias and Borges as their first proposal, Auden their second and Kawabata their third proposal. The fifth member of the committee, Karl Ragnar Gierow, gave the oppositions proposal his support by proposing Asturias/Borges, Auden and Kawabata in no particular order. Ultimately a shared prize was rejected and Asturias alone was awarded.[8][9] Despite Asturias winning the prize, Österling regarded him as a writer "too narrowly limited in his revolutionary subject world" and Borges as "too exclusive or artificial in his ingenious miniature art".[8][9]
References
External links
- Ceremony speech by Anders Österling nobelprize.org
- 1967 Documentary nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Miguel Ángel Asturias britannica.com
- ↑ Miguel Angel Asturias – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – 1967 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination by Henry Olsson for Asturias and Borges nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite news
