Английская Википедия:2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Philippine English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox legislative election The 2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections were the 35th lower house elections in the Philippines. They were held on May 13, 2019, to elect members to the House of Representatives.
Candidates were expected to be either for or against President Rodrigo Duterte. As the Philippines has a multi-party system, those who are for (or against) Duterte may find themselves running against each other. Other districts that may be seen as safe seats may see a candidate elected unopposed. Several seats have not been apportioned since 1907, gerrymandering on some newly apportioned seats and entrenchment of political dynasties make competitive races in so-called swing seats rare. The Liberal Party was expected to lead the opposition against PDP–Laban.
The pro-Duterte parties overwhelmingly won most of the seats in the House. Pro-Duterte party-list ACT-CIS emerged as the topnotcher in the party-list election. There was infighting among the pro-Duterte parties on who should be elected Speaker. Alan Peter Cayetano agreed on term-sharing with Lord Allan Jay Velasco for the speakership, with the former serving for the first 15 months, while the latter serving for the last 21 months.
Electoral system
The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. There are currently 297 seats in the House; 238 of these are district representatives, and 59 are party-list representatives. Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the plurality voting system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft" election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most votes usually wins three seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota is not met.
Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign.Шаблон:Citation needed
Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.Шаблон:Citation needed
Participating parties
Contesting district elections
| Party | Leader | House leader | Support of Duterte's policiesШаблон:Citation needed | Total seats | Current bloc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Party name with color | President Rodrigo Duterte | Speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Pampanga) | Very supportive Шаблон:Citation needed | 94 | Majority except for 2 with the minority. | |
| Шаблон:Party name with color | Manny Villar | Deputy Speaker Pia Cayetano (Taguig) | Supportive | 37 | Majority except for 1 with the minority. | |
| Шаблон:Party name with color | Danding Cojuangco | Arnulfo Fuentebella (Camarines Sur) | Generally supportive | 33 | Majority except for 1 with the minority. | |
| Шаблон:Party name with color | Albert Garcia | Deputy Speaker Fredenil Castro (Capiz) | Generally supportive | 28 | Majority. | |
| Шаблон:Party name with color | Vice President Leni Robredo | Teddy Baguilat (Ifugao) | Generally opposed | 18 | Split; mostly in the independent minority, 5 with the majority. | |
| Шаблон:Party name with color | Bong Revilla | Minority Leader Danilo Suarez (Quezon) | Nominally opposed | 5 | Split; mostly in majority except for 1 with the minority. | |
The seats held by each party were expected to change by the time candidacies were declared in late 2018.
Contesting via the party-list system
The parties under the Makabayan bloc was formerly supportive of Duterte's policies until Duterte suspended peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines.Шаблон:Citation needed
Redistricting
Reapportioning the number of seats is done via national reapportionment after the release of every census or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 Constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.Шаблон:Citation needed
| Bill No. | District(s) | Current | Proposed | Notes | Status | Current representative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HB 93 | Maguindanao–1st | 1 | 2 | Separation of Cotabato City to become a lone district. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Bai Sandra Sema | PDP–Laban |
| HB 147 | Bacolod | 1 | 2 | Bacolod to be split into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Greg Gasataya | NPC |
| HB 514 | Surigao del Norte–2nd | 1 | 2 | Surigao del Norte–2nd to be split into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Robert Ace Barbers | Nacionalista |
| HB 990 | Laguna–2nd | 5 | 6 | Separation of Calamba, Laguna to become a lone district. | Signed into law – RA 11078. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jun Chipeco Jr. | Nacionalista |
| HB 1219, 5585 | Iloilo City | 1 | 2 | Iloilo City to be split into two districts. | Approved on third reading; transmitted to the Senate. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jerry Treñas | NUP |
| HB 1913 | Nueva Ecija–2nd | 1 | 2 | Nueva Ecija–2nd to be split into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Micaela Violago | NUP |
| HB 2341, 5367 | Cavite | 7 | 8 | Reapportioning of Cavite's 6th and 7th districts from two districts to three. | Signed into law – RA 11069[3] | Roy Loyola Luis Ferrer IV Abraham Tolentino | ||
| HB 2348 | Pampanga–1st | 1 | 2 | Separation of Angeles City to become a lone district. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Carmelo Lazatin II Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | PDP–Laban |
| HB 2528, 6631 | Southern Leyte | 1 | 2 | Southern Leyte to be split into two districts. | Signed into law – RA 11198[4] | Шаблон:Party color cell | Roger Mercado | PDP–Laban |
| HB 3431 | San Jose del Monte | 1 | 2 | San Jose del Monte to be split into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Florida Robes | PDP–Laban |
| HB 4072 | Quezon | 4 | 7 | Reapportioning of Quezon's districts from four districts to seven. | Pending at the committee level. | Various | ||
| HB 4523 | Cebu–6th | 1 | 2 | Separation of Mandaue to become a lone district. | Substituted by HB08511 | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jonas Cortes | PDP–Laban |
| HB 4670, 7522 | Aklan | 1 | 2 | Aklan to be split into two districts. | Signed into law – RA 11077. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Carlito Marquez | NPC |
| HB 4678, 5162 | South Cotabato–1st | 1 | 2 | Separation of General Santos to become a lone district. | Signed into law – RA 11243. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Pedro Acharon Jr. | NPC |
| HB 4692, 7778 | Isabela | 4 | 6 | Reapportioning of Isabela's districts from four districts to six. | Signed into law – RA 11080. | Various | ||
| HB 5040 | Zamboanga del Norte–3rd | 1 | 2 | Separation of a part of Zamboanga del Norte–3rd to become a province of Zamboanga Hermosa and constituting into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Isagani Amatong | Liberal |
| HB 5186 | Maguindanao | 2 | 3 | Reapportioning of Maguindanao's districts from two districts to three. | Pending at the committee level. | Various | ||
| HB 6746 | Caloocan–1st | 1 | 3 | Caloocan–1st to be split into three districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Dale Malapitan | PDP–Laban |
| HB 6895 | Bulacan–1st | 1 | 2 | Separation of Malolos to become a lone district. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jose Antonio Sy-Alvarado | NUP |
| HB 7413 | Palawan–2nd | 1 | 3 | Separation of a part of Palawan's 2nd district to divide the province of Palawan into three separate provinces. | Substituted by HB 8055. | Various | ||
| HB 7999 | Bohol | 3 | 5 | Reapportioning of Bohol's districts from three districts to five. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Erico Aristotle Aumentado | NPC |
| HB 8055 | Palawan–2nd | 1 | 3 | Separation of a part of Palawan's 2nd district to divide the province of Palawan into three separate provinces. | Signed into law – RA 11259. | Various | ||
| HB 8433 | Laguna | 1 | 2 | Separation of Santa Rosa to become a lone district. | Substituted by HB 9080. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Arlene B. Arcillas | PDP–Laban |
| HB 8511 | Cebu–6th | 1 | 2 | Separation of a Mandaue to become a lone district. | Signed into law – RA 11257.[5] | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jonas Cortes | PDP–Laban |
| HB 8824 | Samar | 2 | 1 | Separation of a part of Samar-1st to become a province of Northwestern Samar. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Edgar Mary S. Sarmiento | NUP |
| HB 9080 | Laguna-1st | 6 | 7 | Separation of Santa Rosa to become a lone district. | Signed into law – RA 11395. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Arlene B. Arcillas | Liberal |
| SB 1368 | Iloilo City | 1 | 2 | Iloilo City to be split into two districts. | Pending at the committee level. | Шаблон:Party color cell | Jerry Treñas | NUP |
| SB 1487 | South Cotabato–1st | 1 | 2 | Separation of General Santos to become a lone district. | Consolidated/Substituted in the Committee Report | Шаблон:Party color cell | Pedro Acharon Jr. | NPC |
| Approved districts | 8 | Potential new districts | 31 | |||||
In total, seven new district seats were created. Two were in Isabela, where the entire province was redistricted from four districts to six, and one each in Cavite, where the sixth and seventh districts were redistricted into three, Aklan and Southern Leyte, which were split into two districts, Laguna, where Calamba was separated from the second district and South Cotabato, where General Santos was separated from the first district.
As there are now 245 districts; therefore, there are 61 party-list seats (at least 20% of the total), an increase from 59. The 18th Congress shall then have 306 representatives. However, as preparations were already on its way when the laws for the creation of General Santos and Southern Leyte districts were made, the commission decided to delay elections for the four seats involved to October 2019; the ballots for those districts showed their previous conflagrations as if it were not redistricted yet. A lawsuit was then decided by the Supreme Court prior to rescheduled elections, ordering the commission to declare the winner of the election in South Cotabato's 1st district. Upon doing so, the commission then declared the winner of the unified Southern Leyte district as well. The first elections for these two districts shall be in 2022, at the next general election. This left the number of districts to 243, with still 61 party-list seats.
Retiring and term-limited incumbents
Term limited
These representatives are term-limited, and are thus not allowed to run in 2019: Шаблон:Col-startШаблон:Col-2
- Ang Asosasyon Sang Mangunguma Nga Bisaya Owa Mangunguma incumbents
- Sharon Garin (party-list)
- Garin denied that either she or her siblings were running for Governor of Iloilo.[6]
- Sharon Garin (party-list)
- Advocacy for Teacher Empowerment through Action, Cooperation, and Harmony Towards Educational Reforms, Inc. incumbents
- Julieta Cortuna (party-list)
- Alliance of Concerned Teachers incumbents
- Antonio Tinio (party-list)
- Ako Bikol incumbents
- Rodel Batocabe (party-list)
- Decided to run for Daraga mayor, assassinated prior to election.
- Christopher Co (party-list)
- Rodel Batocabe (party-list)
- Buhay Hayaan Yumabong incumbents
- Mariano Michael Velarde Jr. (party-list)
- Citizens' Battle Against Corruption incumbents
- Sherwin Tugna (party-list)
- Democratic Independent Workers Association incumbents
- Emmeline Aglipay-Villar (party-list)
- Gabriela Women's Party incumbents
- Emmi de Jesus (party-list)
- Kalinga: Advocacy for Social Empowerment and Nation Building through Easing Poverty incumbents
- Abigail Faye Ferriol-Pascual (party-list)
- Kusug Tausug incumbents
- Shernee Tan (party-list)
- Liberal Party incumbents
- Kaka Bag-ao (Dinagat Islands)
- Running for Governor of Dinagat Islands.[7] Bag-ao won.[8]
- Teddy Baguilat (Ifugao)
- Jorge Banal (Quezon City–3rd)
- Leopoldo Bataoil (Pangasinan–2nd)
- Feliciano Belmonte Jr. (Quezon City–4th)
- Belmonte would retire from politics after his term ended in 2019, according to his daughter, Quezon City Vice Mayor Joy Belmonte.[10]
- Imelda Calixto-Rubiano (Pasay)
- Jose Carlos Cari (Leyte–5th)
- Winnie Castelo (Quezon City–2nd)
- Running for Councilor of the 2nd District of Quezon City under Serbisyo sa Bayan Party. Castelo won.[12]
- Ronald Cosalan (Benguet)
- Raul Daza (Northern Samar–1st)
- Rogelio Espina (Biliran)
- Ana Cristina Go (Isabela–2nd)
- Miro Quimbo (Marikina–2nd)
- Quimbo would have run for Mayor of Marikina, later, he decided not to run.
- Carlo Lopez (Manila–2nd)
- Rene Relampagos (Bohol–1st)
- Running for Vice Governor of Bohol under the National Unity Party. Relampagos won.[14]
- Linabelle Ruth Villarica (Bulacan–4th)
- Running for Mayor of Meycauayan, Bulacan under PDP–Laban.
- Kaka Bag-ao (Dinagat Islands)
- LPG Marketers Association incumbents
- Arnel Ty (party-list)
- Nacionalista Party incumbents
- Florencio Flores Jr. (Bukidnon–2nd)
- Seth Frederick "Bullet" Jalosjos (Zamboanga del Norte–1st)
- running for Governor of Zamboanga del Norte; lost to Roberto Uy.[15]
- Imelda Marcos (Ilocos Norte–2nd)
- running for Governor of Ilocos Norte, later withdrew
- Nationalist People's Coalition incumbents
- Pedro Acharon Jr. (South Cotabato–1st)
- Mercedes Alvarez (Negros Occidental–6th)
- Eleanor Bulut-Begtang (Apayao)
- Napoleon Dy (Isabela–3rd)
- Running for Governor of Isabela
- Aurora Enerio-Cerilles (Zamboanga del Sur–2nd)
- Running for Governor of Zamboanga del Sur; lost to Victor Yu.[18]
- Marlyn Primicias-Agabas (Pangasinan–6th)
- National Unity Party incumbents
- Romeo Acop (Antipolo–2nd)
- Benhur Salimbangon (Cebu–4th)
- Randolph Ting (Cagayan–3rd)
- Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan incumbents
- Jorge Almonte (Misamis Occidental–1st)
- Rolando Andaya Jr. (Camarines Sur–1st)
- Running for Governor of Camarines Sur. Andaya lost.[19]
- Alfredo Benitez (Negros Occidental–3rd)
- Nancy Catamco (Cotabato–3rd)
- Arnel Cerafica (Taguig–1st/Pateros)
- Dakila Cua (Quirino)
- First rumored to run for senator of the Philippines, running for Governor of Quirino.
- Arthur Defensor Jr. (Iloilo–3rd)
- Running for Governor of Iloilo. Defensor won[22]
- Ben Evardone (Eastern Samar)
- Running for Governor of Eastern Samar. Evardone won.[23]
- Rodolfo Fariñas (Ilocos Norte–1st)
- Retired from politics, withdrew from running for Governor of Ilocos Norte.[24]
- Salvio Fortuno (Camarines Sur–5th)
- Mylene Garcia Albano (Davao City–2nd)
- Fernando Gonzalez (Albay–3rd)
- Scott Davies Lanete (Masbate–3rd)
- Running for Governor of Masbate under the Nationalist People's Coalition. Lanete lost.[25]
- Roy Loyola (Cavite–5th)
- Running for Mayor of Carmona, Cavite, under the Nationalist People's Coalition. Loyola won.
- Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Pampanga–2nd)
- Arroyo said that she would retire after the end of her term.[26]
- Karlo Nograles (Davao City–1st)
- Later appointed as Cabinet Secretary
- Rosenda Ann Ocampo (Manila–6th)
- Evelyn Plaza-Mellana (Agusan del Sur–2nd)
- Maria Valentina Plaza (Agusan del Sur–1st)
- Running for Governor of Agusan del Sur under the Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas. Plaza lost.[27]
- Jesus Sacdalan (Cotabato–1st)
- Cesar Sarmiento (Catanduanes)
- Bai Sandra Sema (Maguindanao–1st)
- Deogracias Ramos Jr. (Sorsogon–2nd)
- Jerry Treñas (Iloilo City)
- Running for mayor under the National Unity Party. Treñas won.[28]
- Reynaldo Umali (Oriental Mindoro–2nd)
- Running for governor under the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas. Umali lost.[29]
- Peter Unabia (Misamis Oriental–1st)
- Arthur C. Yap (Bohol–3rd)
- Running for governor. Yap won.[14]
- Maria Carmen Zamora (Compostela Valley–1st)
- Running for vice governor under the Hugpong ng Pagbabago. Zamora won unopposed.[30]
- Trade Union Congress Party incumbents
- Raymond Democrito Mendoza (party-list)
- Independent incumbent
- Toby Tiangco (Navotas)
- Running for Mayor of Navotas under Partido Navoteño. Tiangco won.[31]
- Toby Tiangco (Navotas)
Retiring
These representatives are not term limited, but did not run:
- Vicente Alcala (PDP–Laban, Quezon-2nd)
- Arlene Arcillas (PDP–Laban, Laguna-1st)
- Ran and won for Mayor of Santa Rosa, Laguna.[33]
- Jennifer Austria-Barzaga (NUP, Cavite 4th)
- Ran and won for Mayor of Dasmariñas, Cavite.
- Ferjenel Biron (National Unity Party, Iloilo-4th)
- Pia Cayetano, (Nacionalista, Taguig–2nd)
- Ran and won for senator.
- Vincent Crisologo (PDP–Laban, Quezon City–1st)
- Ran and lost for Mayor of Quezon City.[35]
- Anna Katrina Enverga-dela Paz (NPC, Quezon-1st)
- Running for reelection, later withdrew
- Gwendolyn Garcia (PDP–Laban, Cebu–3rd)
- Alexandra Gonzales (PDP–Laban, Mandaluyong)
- Running for reelection, later withdrew
- Datu Zajid Mangudadatu (PDP–Laban, Maguindanao-2nd)
- Ran and lost for senator
- Danilo Suarez (Lakas, Quezon-3rd)
- Ran and won for Governor of Quezon.[32]
- Chiqui Roa-Puno (NUP, Antipolo-1st)
- Not running for reelection
- Monsour del Rosario (PDP–Laban, Makati-1st)
- Gustavo Tambunting (PDP–Laban, Parañaque–2nd)
- Running for reelection, later withdrew
Mid-term vacancies
These congressmen left office before their terms expired, and were not replaced. As the 17th Congress has not called for special elections, these seats remain vacant until the sine die adjournment. For party-list representatives, the next person on the list would assume office. In both instances this happened, the next person on the list replaced the person who resigned.
- Tupay Loong (NUP, Sulu-1st)
- Died on June 30, 2016, before taking his oath of office.[38]
- Mark Villar (Nacionalista, Las Piñas)
- Resigned after appointed as Secretary of Public Works and Highways on August 1, 2016.[39]
- Jum Jainudin Akbar (Liberal, Basilan)
- Died on November 11, 2016.[40]
- Maximo Dalog (Liberal, Mountain Province)
- Died on June 3, 2017.[41]
- Henedina Abad (Liberal, Batanes)
- Died on October 8, 2017.[42]
Marginal seats
These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less, in ascending order. Шаблон:Col-startШаблон:Col-2
Held by PDP–Laban
| District | Incumbent | Party | 2016 margin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultan Kudarat–2nd | Horacio Suansing Jr. | Шаблон:Party name with colour | 0.86% | |
| Malabon | Federico Sandoval II | Шаблон:Party name with colour | 1.27% | |
| Parañaque–2nd | Gustavo Tambunting | Шаблон:Party name with colour | 2.27% | |
| Lanao del Sur–2nd | Mauyag Papandayan Jr. | Шаблон:Party name with colour | 2.96% | |
Held by other parties
Results
Шаблон:More citations needed section
Congressional district results
Шаблон:Philippine House election, 2019 Шаблон:Bar box Шаблон:Bar box
Result by congressional district
Notes Шаблон:Notelist
Party-list election
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Philippine House party-list election, 2019 Шаблон:Bar box Шаблон:Bar box
Summary
Defeated incumbents
District representatives
| District | Incumbent's party | Incumbent | Winner | Winner's party | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malabon | Шаблон:Party name with color | Federico Sandoval II | Josephine Lacson-Noel | NPC | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color width=5px| | Lacson-Noel was term-limited in 2016. | |
| Nueva Ecija–4th | Шаблон:Party name with color | Magnolia Antonino-Nadres | Maricel Natividad-Nagaño | PRP | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
| Pangasinan–5th | Шаблон:Party name with color | Amado Espino Jr. | Ramon Guico III | Lakas | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
| Pasig | Шаблон:Party name with color | Richard Eusebio | Roman Romulo | Aksyon | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
| Siquijor | Шаблон:Party name with color | Ramon Vicente Rocamora | Jake Vincent Villa | NPC | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
| Taguig–Pateros | Шаблон:Party name with color | Arnel Cerafica | Alan Peter Cayetano | Nacionalista | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
| Tawi-Tawi | Шаблон:Party name with color | Ruby Sahali | Rashidin Matba | NUP | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | ||
Party-list representatives
- Serbisyo sa Bayan Party
- Ricky Belmonte
- Angkla
- Jesulito Manalo
- Akbayan
- Tomasito Villarin
- YACAP
- Benhur Lopez Jr.
- Butil
- Cecilia Leonila Chavez
- Anakpawis
- Ariel Casilao
- ANAC-IP
- Jose Panganiban Jr.
- AGRI
- Delphine Lee
- Orestes Salon
- MATA
- Tricia Nicole Velasco-Catera
- 1-CARE
- Carlos Roman Uybarreta
- 1-ANG EDUKASYON
- Salvador Belaro Jr.
- Aangat Tayo
- Harlin Neil Abayon III
- AASENSO
- Teodoro Montoro
- Agbiag!
- Michelle Antonio
- ABS
- Ulysses Garces
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:2019 Philippine election Шаблон:Philippine elections
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
