Английская Википедия:2020 United States presidential election in Virginia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:ElectionsVA The 2020 United States presidential election in Virginia was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated.[1] Virginia voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. Virginia has 13 electoral votes in the Electoral College.[2]
Prior to the election, most news organizations considered this a state Biden would win, or a likely blue state. On the day of the election, Biden won Virginia with 54.11% of the vote, and by a margin of 10.11%, the best performance for a Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944.[3] Trump became the first Republican incumbent to consecutively lose Virginia since William Howard Taft and Biden became the first Democratic nominee to win Chesterfield County and Lynchburg City since 1948, Virginia Beach City since 1964, James City County since 1968, and Stafford County since 1976.[4] He also flipped Chesapeake City back to the Democratic Party. Trump flipped no counties or independent cities in the state. Nevertheless, Biden became the first Democrat since 1992 to win without Buckingham County and Essex County, and the first since 1960 to win without Westmoreland County, a notable bellwether. He was the first Democrat to ever win without Caroline County, Nelson County, or Covington.Шаблон:Citation needed
The diversification of Northern Virginia as well as sliding suburban support for Republicans allowed Biden to win the once-key battleground state without actively campaigning in it. Biden won Henrico County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, and Fairfax County with 63.7%, 61.5%, 62.6%, and 69.9%, respectively; all four were former suburban bastions of the Republican Party in Virginia, the first outside Richmond and the others in Northern Virginia. All four had voted Republican in every election from 1968 through 2000. In Arlington County, a closer DC-area suburban county that had turned Democratic several decades earlier, Biden won with 80.6% of the vote, becoming the first nominee of either party in more than a century to do so. Biden's combined margin in Fairfax, Prince William, Loudoun, and Arlington Counties was greater than his statewide margin of victory. Crucially for his performance in Northern Virginia, Biden carried government workers by 18%.[5]
Primary elections
Canceled Republican primary
The Virginia Republican Party is one of several state GOP parties that have officially canceled their respective primaries and caucuses.[6] Donald Trump's re-election campaign and GOP officials have cited the fact that Republicans canceled several state primaries when George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush sought a second term in 1992 and 2004, respectively; and Democrats scrapped some of their primaries when Bill Clinton and Barack Obama were seeking reelection in 1996 and 2012, respectively.[7][8] At the Virginia State Republican Convention, originally scheduled for May 2020 but postponed to August 15, 2020, the state party will formally bind all 48 of its national pledged delegates to Trump.[6][9][10]
Democratic primary
The Virginia Democratic primary took place on March 3, 2020, as part of the "Super Tuesday" suite of elections.
Joe Biden, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders were among the major declared candidates.[11]
Green primary
The Green Party of Virginia conducted an online ranked choice primary from April 20 to April 26, 2020.[12]
2020 Green Party of Virginia primary[12] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | |||||||||||
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||||||
Howie Hawkins | 42 | 62.7% | 42 | 62.7% | 43 | 64.2% | 44 | 65.7% | |||||||
Dario Hunter | 17 | 25.4% | 18 | 26.9% | 21 | 31.3% | 23 | 34.3% | |||||||
Kent Mesplay | 3 | 4.5% | 3 | 4.5% | 3 | 4.5% | Eliminated | ||||||||
Sedinam Moyowasiza-Curry | 2 | 3.0% | 2 | 3.0% | Eliminated | ||||||||||
Jill Stein (write-in) | 2 | 3.0% | Eliminated | ||||||||||||
Jesse Ventura (write-in) | 1 | 1.5% | Eliminated | ||||||||||||
Total votes | 67 | 100.0% |
General election
Predictions
Source | Ranking | As of |
---|---|---|
The Cook Political Report[13] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
Inside Elections[14] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
Sabato's Crystal Ball[15] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
Politico[16] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
RCP[17] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
Niskanen[18] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
CNN[19] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
The Economist[20] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
CBS News[21] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
270towin[22] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
ABC News[23] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
NPR[24] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | September 16, 2020 |
NBC News[25] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
538[26] | Шаблон:USRaceRating | November 3, 2020 |
Polling
- Graphical summary
Aggregate polls
Source of poll aggregation |
Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Joe Biden Шаблон:Nobold |
Donald Trump Шаблон:Nobold |
Other/ Undecided Шаблон:Efn |
Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
270 to Win | October 15–31, 2020 | November 3, 2020 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|52.8% | 41.0% | 6.2% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Шаблон:HsBiden +11.8 |
FiveThirtyEight | until November 2, 2020 | November 3, 2020 | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|53.7% | 41.9% | 4.4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Шаблон:HsBiden +11.8 |
Average | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |53.1% | 40.5% | 5.3% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Biden +11.8 |
Polls
Шаблон:Collapse top with Donald Trump and Michael Bloomberg
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Michael Bloomberg (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hampton University | Feb 25–28, 2020 | 768 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 43% |
Roanoke College | Feb 9–18, 2020 | 520 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 40% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 46% |
with Donald Trump and Pete Buttigieg
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Pete Buttigieg (D) |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hampton University | Feb 25–28, 2020 | 768 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 41% | – |
Roanoke College | Feb 9–18, 2020 | 520 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 40% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 47% | – |
Mason-Dixon | Dec 12–16, 2019 | 625 (RV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|47% | 45% | 8% |
with Donald Trump and Kamala Harris
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Kamala Harris (D) |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
University of Mary Washington | Sep 3–15, 2019 | 1,009 (A) | ± 3.1% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 50% | 2% | 5% |
with Donald Trump and Amy Klobuchar
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Amy Klobuchar (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hampton University | Feb 25–28, 2020 | 768 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 37% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 39% |
Roanoke College | Feb 9–18, 2020 | 520 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 39% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 46% |
with Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Bernie Sanders (D) |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hampton University | Feb 25–28, 2020 | 768 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 39% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 44% | – | – |
Roanoke College | Feb 9–18, 2020 | 520 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 40% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 49% | – | – |
Mason-Dixon | Dec 12–16, 2019 | 625 (RV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|51% | 45% | – | 4% |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Dec 2–13, 2019 | 728 (LV) | ± 5.1% | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48% | 45% | – | 7%Шаблон:Efn |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Sep 2 – Oct 4, 2019 | 645 (LV) | ± 5.0% | 47% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|48% | – | 5%Шаблон:Efn |
University of Mary Washington/Research America | Sep 3–15, 2019 | 1,009 (A) | ± 3.1% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 53% | 2% | 4% |
with Donald Trump and Elizabeth Warren
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Elizabeth Warren (D) |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hampton University | Feb 25–28, 2020 | 768 (RV) | ± 3.8% | 40% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 42% | – | – |
Roanoke College | Feb 9–18, 2020 | 520 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 41% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 48% | – | – |
Mason-Dixon | Dec 12–16, 2019 | 625 (RV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48% | 44% | – | 8% |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Dec 2–13, 2019 | 728 (LV) | ± 5.1% | 47% | 47% | – | 6%Шаблон:Efn |
Virginia Commonwealth University | Sep 23 – Oct 4, 2019 | 645 (LV) | ± 5.0% | 46% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|50% | – | 4%Шаблон:Efn |
University of Mary Washington | Sep 3–15, 2019 | 1,009 (A) | ± 3.1% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 53% | 1% | 5% |
Шаблон:Collapse top with Donald Trump and Generic Democrat
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Generic Democrat |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wason Center, Christopher Newport University |
Sep 4–30, 2019 | 726 (RV) | ± 4.1% | 36% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|51% | 6%Шаблон:Efn | 6% |
with Donald Trump and Generic Opponent
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Donald Trump (R) |
Generic Opponent |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wason Center, Christopher Newport University |
Feb 3–23, 2020 | 866 (RV) | ± 3.5% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Other|59%Шаблон:Efn | 0%Шаблон:Efn | 2% |
with Generic Republican and Generic Democrat
Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin Шаблон:Nowrap |
Generic Republican |
Generic Democrat |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virginia Commonwealth University | Sep 23 – Oct 4, 2019 | 645 (LV) | ± 5.0% | 48% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|49% | – | 3%Шаблон:Efn |
Ipsos/University of Virginia | Feb 15–19, 2019 | 636 (A) | ± 4.0% | 25% | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic| 45% | 3% | 20% |
Results
Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box write-in with party link Шаблон:Election box total Шаблон:Election box end
Results by city and county
Independent cities have been italicized.
City or county |
colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Joe Biden Democratic |
colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Donald Trump Republican |
colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Libertarian | Jo Jorgensen Libertarian |
Write-in | Margin | Total votes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | % | colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | # | colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | % | colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | # | colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Libertarian | % | colspan="1" style="text-align: center;" Шаблон:Party shading/Libertarian | # | % | # | % | # | ||
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Accomack | 44.68% | 7,578 | 54.07% | 9,172 | 1.11% | 188 | 0.14% | 24 | -9.39% | -1,594 | 16,962 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Albemarle | 65.68% | 42,466 | 32.18% | 20,804 | 1.57% | 1,014 | 0.58% | 373 | 33.50% | 21,662 | 64,657 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Alexandria | 80.28% | 66,240 | 17.63% | 14,544 | 1.24% | 1,022 | 0.85% | 702 | 62.65% | 51,696 | 82,508 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Alleghany | 27.34% | 2,243 | 71.43% | 5,859 | 1.08% | 89 | 0.15% | 12 | -44.09% | -3,616 | 8,203 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Amelia | 30.55% | 2,411 | 68.29% | 5,390 | 1.01% | 80 | 0.15% | 12 | -37.74% | -2,979 | 7,893 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Amherst | 33.35% | 5,672 | 64.93% | 11,041 | 1.48% | 251 | 0.24% | 41 | -31.58% | -5,369 | 17,005 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Appomattox | 26.09% | 2,418 | 72.31% | 6,702 | 1.28% | 119 | 0.31% | 29 | -46.22% | -4,284 | 9,268 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Arlington | 80.60% | 105,344 | 17.08% | 22,318 | 1.40% | 1,836 | 0.92% | 1,201 | 63.52% | 83,026 | 130,699 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Augusta | 25.64% | 10,840 | 72.65% | 30,714 | 1.44% | 608 | 0.27% | 116 | -47.01% | -19,874 | 42,278 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Bath | 25.83% | 646 | 73.33% | 1,834 | 0.64% | 16 | 0.20% | 5 | -47.50% | -1,188 | 2,501 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Bedford | 25.02% | 12,176 | 73.15% | 35,600 | 1.45% | 708 | 0.38% | 185 | -48.13% | -23,424 | 48,669 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Bland | 15.29% | 532 | 83.44% | 2,903 | 1.15% | 40 | 0.11% | 4 | -68.15% | -2,371 | 3,479 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Botetourt | 26.99% | 5,700 | 71.49% | 15,099 | 1.25% | 264 | 0.27% | 57 | -44.50% | -9,399 | 21,120 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Bristol | 29.63% | 2,313 | 68.50% | 5,347 | 1.60% | 125 | 0.27% | 21 | -38.87% | -3,034 | 7,806 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Brunswick | 57.27% | 4,552 | 42.24% | 3,357 | 0.43% | 34 | 0.06% | 5 | 15.03% | 1,195 | 7,948 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Buchanan | 15.94% | 1,587 | 83.50% | 8,311 | 0.44% | 44 | 0.11% | 11 | -67.56% | -6,724 | 9,953 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Buckingham | 42.71% | 3,471 | 55.92% | 4,544 | 1.14% | 93 | 0.22% | 18 | -13.21% | -1,073 | 8,126 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Buena Vista | 29.72% | 825 | 67.11% | 1,863 | 2.59% | 72 | 0.58% | 16 | -37.39% | -1,038 | 2,776 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Campbell | 27.00% | 8,070 | 71.07% | 21,245 | 1.64% | 490 | 0.29% | 87 | -44.07% | -13,175 | 29,892 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Caroline | 47.01% | 7,657 | 51.18% | 8,336 | 1.59% | 259 | 0.22% | 36 | -4.17% | -679 | 16,288 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Carroll | 18.16% | 2,842 | 80.88% | 12,659 | 0.75% | 118 | 0.20% | 32 | -62.72% | -9,817 | 15,651 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Charles City | 59.09% | 2,624 | 39.65% | 1,761 | 1.22% | 54 | 0.05% | 2 | 19.44% | 863 | 4,441 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Charlotte | 37.43% | 2,317 | 61.62% | 3,815 | 0.78% | 48 | 0.18% | 11 | -24.19% | -1,498 | 6,191 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Charlottesville | 85.50% | 20,696 | 12.78% | 3,094 | 1.28% | 311 | 0.43% | 104 | 72.72% | 17,602 | 24,205 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Chesapeake | 52.22% | 66,377 | 45.77% | 58,180 | 1.65% | 2,098 | 0.36% | 453 | 6.45% | 8,197 | 127,108 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Chesterfield | 52.45% | 106,935 | 45.77% | 93,326 | 1.44% | 2,927 | 0.34% | 696 | 6.68% | 13,609 | 203,884 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Clarke | 41.98% | 3,920 | 55.61% | 5,192 | 1.91% | 178 | 0.50% | 47 | -13.63% | -1,272 | 9,337 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Colonial Heights | 32.50% | 2,972 | 65.68% | 6,007 | 1.48% | 135 | 0.35% | 32 | -33.18% | -3,035 | 9,146 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Covington | 37.03% | 964 | 60.70% | 1,580 | 1.92% | 50 | 0.35% | 9 | -23.67% | -616 | 2,603 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Craig | 18.52% | 587 | 80.03% | 2,536 | 1.26% | 40 | 0.19% | 6 | -61.51% | -1,949 | 3,169 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Culpeper | 39.15% | 10,617 | 59.05% | 16,012 | 1.50% | 406 | 0.30% | 81 | -19.90% | -5,395 | 27,116 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Cumberland | 41.94% | 2,227 | 56.85% | 3,019 | 1.00% | 53 | 0.21% | 11 | -14.91% | -792 | 5,310 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Danville | 60.40% | 11,710 | 38.31% | 7,428 | 1.01% | 195 | 0.29% | 56 | 22.09% | 4,282 | 19,389 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Dickenson | 20.58% | 1,503 | 78.71% | 5,748 | 0.60% | 44 | 0.11% | 8 | -58.13% | -4,245 | 7,303 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Dinwiddie | 41.24% | 6,224 | 57.61% | 8,695 | 0.95% | 144 | 0.19% | 29 | -16.37% | -2,471 | 15,092 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Emporia | 67.70% | 1,612 | 31.67% | 754 | 0.55% | 13 | 0.08% | 2 | 36.03% | 858 | 2,381 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Essex | 49.17% | 3,038 | 49.77% | 3,075 | 0.94% | 58 | 0.11% | 7 | -0.60% | -37 | 6,178 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Fairfax City | 68.04% | 9,174 | 29.72% | 4,007 | 1.49% | 201 | 0.75% | 101 | 38.32% | 5,167 | 13,483 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Fairfax County | 69.89% | 419,943 | 28.03% | 168,401 | 1.33% | 8,014 | 0.74% | 4,465 | 41.86% | 251,542 | 600,823 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Falls Church | 81.03% | 7,146 | 16.90% | 1,490 | 1.29% | 114 | 0.78% | 69 | 64.13% | 5,656 | 8,819 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Fauquier | 40.23% | 17,565 | 57.50% | 25,106 | 1.78% | 777 | 0.49% | 213 | -17.27% | -7,541 | 43,661 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Floyd | 31.93% | 3,004 | 66.17% | 6,225 | 1.56% | 147 | 0.34% | 32 | -34.24% | -3,221 | 9,408 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Fluvanna | 46.81% | 7,414 | 51.48% | 8,155 | 1.43% | 226 | 0.28% | 45 | -4.67% | -741 | 15,840 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Franklin City | 62.22% | 2,525 | 36.64% | 1,487 | 0.86% | 35 | 0.27% | 11 | 25.58% | 1,038 | 4,058 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Franklin County | 28.22% | 8,381 | 70.35% | 20,895 | 1.19% | 354 | 0.24% | 72 | -42.13% | -12,514 | 29,702 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Frederick | 35.33% | 17,207 | 62.74% | 30,558 | 1.60% | 781 | 0.32% | 157 | -27.41% | -13,351 | 48,703 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Fredericksburg | 66.22% | 8,517 | 31.39% | 4,037 | 1.87% | 240 | 0.53% | 68 | 34.83% | 4,480 | 12,862 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Galax | 29.45% | 777 | 69.67% | 1,838 | 0.68% | 18 | 0.19% | 5 | -40.22% | -1,061 | 2,638 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Giles | 23.50% | 2,156 | 74.93% | 6,876 | 1.36% | 125 | 0.21% | 19 | -51.43% | -4,720 | 9,176 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Gloucester | 31.25% | 6,964 | 66.76% | 14,875 | 1.75% | 389 | 0.24% | 54 | -35.51% | -7,911 | 22,282 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Goochland | 39.44% | 6,685 | 58.80% | 9,966 | 1.43% | 242 | 0.34% | 57 | -19.36% | -3,281 | 16,950 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Grayson | 18.88% | 1,535 | 80.30% | 6,529 | 0.69% | 56 | 0.14% | 11 | -61.42% | -4,994 | 8,131 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Greene | 36.80% | 4,163 | 60.70% | 6,866 | 2.13% | 241 | 0.36% | 41 | -23.90% | -2,703 | 11,311 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Greensville | 57.43% | 2,627 | 41.85% | 1,914 | 0.50% | 23 | 0.22% | 10 | 15.58% | 713 | 4,574 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Halifax | 42.01% | 7,666 | 57.09% | 10,418 | 0.77% | 140 | 0.13% | 24 | -15.08% | -2,752 | 18,248 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Hampton | 70.14% | 46,220 | 27.97% | 18,430 | 1.53% | 1,006 | 0.37% | 245 | 42.17% | 27,790 | 65,901 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Hanover | 35.66% | 25,307 | 62.45% | 44,318 | 1.55% | 1,103 | 0.34% | 239 | -26.79% | -19,011 | 70,967 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Harrisonburg | 64.51% | 11,022 | 32.72% | 5,591 | 2.13% | 364 | 0.64% | 109 | 31.79% | 5,431 | 17,086 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Henrico | 63.65% | 116,572 | 34.64% | 63,440 | 1.32% | 2,414 | 0.40% | 726 | 29.01% | 53,132 | 183,152 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Henry | 34.96% | 9,127 | 64.07% | 16,725 | 0.85% | 223 | 0.11% | 30 | -29.11% | -7,598 | 26,105 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Highland | 27.20% | 417 | 71.23% | 1,092 | 1.44% | 22 | 0.13% | 2 | -44.03% | -675 | 1,533 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Hopewell | 56.52% | 5,430 | 41.84% | 4,020 | 1.36% | 131 | 0.28% | 27 | 14.68% | 1,410 | 9,608 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Isle of Wight | 40.07% | 9,399 | 58.44% | 13,707 | 1.40% | 328 | 0.09% | 22 | -18.37% | -4,308 | 23,456 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|James City | 51.50% | 25,553 | 46.66% | 23,153 | 1.43% | 710 | 0.42% | 206 | 4.84% | 2,400 | 49,622 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|King and Queen | 38.64% | 1,590 | 59.54% | 2,450 | 1.56% | 64 | 0.27% | 11 | -20.90% | -860 | 4,115 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|King George | 37.99% | 5,404 | 59.38% | 8,446 | 2.21% | 314 | 0.42% | 60 | -21.39% | -3,042 | 14,224 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|King William | 30.37% | 3,260 | 68.18% | 7,320 | 1.32% | 142 | 0.13% | 14 | -37.81% | -4,060 | 10,736 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Lancaster | 47.09% | 3,368 | 51.69% | 3,697 | 0.99% | 71 | 0.22% | 16 | -4.60% | -329 | 7,152 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Lee | 14.97% | 1,489 | 84.10% | 8,365 | 0.78% | 78 | 0.14% | 14 | -69.13% | -6,876 | 9,946 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Lexington | 64.84% | 1,791 | 32.80% | 906 | 1.74% | 48 | 0.62% | 17 | 32.04% | 885 | 2,762 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Loudoun | 61.54% | 138,372 | 36.51% | 82,088 | 1.40% | 3,139 | 0.56% | 1,263 | 25.03% | 56,284 | 224,862 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Louisa | 37.73% | 8,269 | 60.66% | 13,294 | 1.35% | 295 | 0.26% | 57 | -22.93% | -5,025 | 21,915 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Lunenburg | 40.30% | 2,418 | 58.95% | 3,537 | 0.67% | 40 | 0.08% | 5 | -18.65% | -1,119 | 6,000 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Lynchburg | 49.63% | 18,048 | 47.02% | 17,097 | 2.36% | 857 | 0.99% | 361 | 2.61% | 951 | 36,363 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Madison | 33.19% | 2,698 | 65.20% | 5,300 | 1.30% | 106 | 0.31% | 25 | -32.01% | -2,602 | 8,129 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Manassas | 61.03% | 10,356 | 36.87% | 6,256 | 1.65% | 280 | 0.45% | 76 | 24.16% | 4,100 | 16,968 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Manassas Park | 65.58% | 3,992 | 32.51% | 1,979 | 1.64% | 100 | 0.26% | 16 | 33.07% | 2,013 | 6,087 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Martinsville | 62.63% | 3,766 | 36.01% | 2,165 | 1.21% | 73 | 0.15% | 9 | 26.62% | 1,601 | 6,013 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Mathews | 31.33% | 1,825 | 66.96% | 3,901 | 1.49% | 87 | 0.22% | 13 | -35.61% | -2,076 | 5,826 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Mecklenburg | 41.98% | 6,803 | 57.18% | 9,266 | 0.70% | 113 | 0.14% | 22 | -15.20% | -2,463 | 16,204 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Middlesex | 36.71% | 2,491 | 61.84% | 4,196 | 1.13% | 77 | 0.31% | 21 | -25.13% | -1,705 | 6,785 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Montgomery | 51.55% | 23,218 | 45.80% | 20,629 | 2.09% | 942 | 0.55% | 248 | 5.75% | 2,589 | 45,037 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Nelson | 46.45% | 4,327 | 51.65% | 4,812 | 1.61% | 150 | 0.29% | 27 | -5.20% | -485 | 9,316 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|New Kent | 31.95% | 4,621 | 66.59% | 9,631 | 1.19% | 172 | 0.27% | 39 | -34.64% | -5,010 | 14,463 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Newport News | 65.39% | 53,099 | 32.48% | 26,377 | 1.77% | 1,438 | 0.36% | 289 | 32.91% | 26,722 | 81,203 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Norfolk | 71.69% | 64,440 | 26.08% | 23,443 | 1.79% | 1,608 | 0.43% | 390 | 45.61% | 40,997 | 89,881 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Northampton | 54.47% | 3,667 | 43.89% | 2,955 | 1.49% | 100 | 0.15% | 10 | 10.58% | 712 | 6,732 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Northumberland | 41.61% | 3,252 | 57.39% | 4,485 | 0.72% | 56 | 0.28% | 22 | -15.78% | -1,233 | 7,815 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Norton | 28.98% | 464 | 69.27% | 1,109 | 1.31% | 21 | 0.44% | 7 | -40.29% | -645 | 1,601 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Nottoway | 41.98% | 2,971 | 56.89% | 4,027 | 1.02% | 72 | 0.11% | 8 | -14.91% | -1,056 | 7,078 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Orange | 38.54% | 7,995 | 59.91% | 12,426 | 1.29% | 267 | 0.26% | 54 | -21.37% | -4,431 | 20,742 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Page | 24.03% | 3,007 | 74.68% | 9,345 | 1.07% | 134 | 0.22% | 28 | -50.65% | -6,338 | 12,514 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Patrick | 20.50% | 1,954 | 78.51% | 7,485 | 0.85% | 81 | 0.15% | 14 | -58.01% | -5,531 | 9,534 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Petersburg | 87.75% | 12,389 | 11.22% | 1,584 | 0.76% | 108 | 0.26% | 37 | 76.53% | 10,805 | 14,118 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Pittsylvania | 29.55% | 10,115 | 69.39% | 23,751 | 0.83% | 285 | 0.22% | 76 | -39.84% | -13,636 | 34,227 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Poquoson | 26.14% | 2,054 | 71.34% | 5,605 | 2.04% | 160 | 0.48% | 38 | -45.20% | -3,551 | 7,857 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Portsmouth | 69.42% | 30,948 | 28.61% | 12,755 | 1.62% | 723 | 0.35% | 156 | 40.81% | 18,193 | 44,582 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Powhatan | 26.96% | 5,320 | 71.24% | 14,055 | 1.63% | 321 | 0.17% | 34 | -44.28% | -8,735 | 19,730 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Prince Edward | 51.94% | 4,973 | 46.31% | 4,434 | 1.42% | 136 | 0.32% | 31 | 5.63% | 539 | 9,574 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Prince George | 40.75% | 7,103 | 57.96% | 10,103 | 1.12% | 195 | 0.18% | 31 | -17.21% | -3,000 | 17,432 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Prince William | 62.64% | 142,863 | 35.61% | 81,222 | 1.42% | 3,242 | 0.32% | 729 | 27.03% | 61,641 | 228,056 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Pulaski | 28.34% | 4,925 | 69.79% | 12,127 | 1.58% | 275 | 0.28% | 49 | -41.45% | -7,202 | 17,376 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Radford | 53.13% | 3,358 | 44.08% | 2,786 | 2.29% | 145 | 0.49% | 31 | 9.05% | 572 | 6,320 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Rappahannock | 42.11% | 2,096 | 56.49% | 2,812 | 1.12% | 56 | 0.28% | 14 | -14.38% | -716 | 4,978 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Richmond City | 82.92% | 92,175 | 14.94% | 16,603 | 1.52% | 1,691 | 0.62% | 690 | 67.98% | 75,572 | 111,159 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Richmond County | 36.88% | 1,513 | 62.09% | 2,547 | 0.76% | 31 | 0.27% | 11 | -25.21% | -1,034 | 4,102 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Roanoke City | 61.80% | 26,773 | 36.02% | 15,607 | 1.79% | 777 | 0.38% | 166 | 25.78% | 11,166 | 43,323 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Roanoke County | 38.12% | 21,801 | 59.93% | 34,268 | 1.59% | 910 | 0.36% | 205 | -21.81% | -12,467 | 57,184 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Rockbridge | 33.02% | 4,086 | 65.37% | 8,088 | 1.33% | 165 | 0.27% | 34 | -32.35% | -4,002 | 12,373 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Rockingham | 28.86% | 12,644 | 69.27% | 30,349 | 1.49% | 653 | 0.38% | 165 | -40.41% | -17,705 | 43,811 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Russell | 17.73% | 2,373 | 81.27% | 10,879 | 0.87% | 116 | 0.13% | 18 | -63.54% | -8,506 | 13,386 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Salem | 39.45% | 5,148 | 58.87% | 7,683 | 1.69% | 220 | 0.00% | 0 | -19.42% | -2,535 | 13,051 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Scott | 15.57% | 1,692 | 83.38% | 9,063 | 0.83% | 90 | 0.22% | 24 | -67.81% | -7,371 | 10,869 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Shenandoah | 28.86% | 6,836 | 69.51% | 16,463 | 1.46% | 346 | 0.16% | 39 | -40.65% | -9,627 | 23,684 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Smyth | 21.28% | 3,008 | 77.55% | 10,963 | 0.94% | 133 | 0.23% | 32 | -56.27% | -7,955 | 14,136 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Southampton | 40.56% | 3,969 | 58.55% | 5,730 | 0.89% | 87 | 0.00% | 0 | -17.99% | -1,761 | 9,786 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Spotsylvania | 45.55% | 34,307 | 52.33% | 39,411 | 1.73% | 1,301 | 0.40% | 298 | -6.78% | -5,104 | 75,317 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Stafford | 50.54% | 40,245 | 47.27% | 37,636 | 1.73% | 1,376 | 0.46% | 368 | 3.27% | 2,609 | 79,625 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Staunton | 53.74% | 6,981 | 43.84% | 5,695 | 1.92% | 249 | 0.50% | 65 | 9.90% | 1,286 | 12,990 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Suffolk | 57.77% | 28,676 | 40.45% | 20,082 | 1.46% | 724 | 0.32% | 160 | 17.32% | 8,594 | 49,642 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Surry | 53.61% | 2,397 | 45.29% | 2,025 | 0.89% | 40 | 0.20% | 9 | 8.32% | 372 | 4,471 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Sussex | 55.56% | 2,827 | 43.61% | 2,219 | 0.69% | 35 | 0.14% | 7 | 11.95% | 608 | 5,088 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Tazewell | 15.92% | 3,205 | 83.10% | 16,731 | 0.79% | 159 | 0.19% | 39 | -67.18% | -13,526 | 20,134 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Virginia Beach | 51.59% | 117,393 | 46.18% | 105,087 | 1.85% | 4,208 | 0.38% | 873 | 5.41% | 12,306 | 227,561 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Warren | 31.22% | 6,603 | 66.53% | 14,069 | 1.73% | 365 | 0.52% | 110 | -35.31% | -7,466 | 21,147 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Washington | 23.07% | 6,617 | 75.58% | 21,679 | 1.06% | 304 | 0.30% | 85 | -52.51% | -15,062 | 28,685 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Waynesboro | 46.29% | 4,961 | 51.39% | 5,507 | 1.95% | 209 | 0.37% | 40 | -5.10% | -546 | 10,717 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Westmoreland | 45.31% | 4,501 | 53.54% | 5,318 | 0.91% | 90 | 0.24% | 24 | -8.23% | -817 | 9,933 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Williamsburg | 69.59% | 4,790 | 28.52% | 1,963 | 1.34% | 92 | 0.55% | 38 | 41.07% | 2,827 | 6,883 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Winchester | 54.60% | 6,610 | 43.13% | 5,221 | 1.76% | 213 | 0.51% | 62 | 11.47% | 1,389 | 12,106 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Wise | 18.72% | 3,110 | 80.45% | 13,366 | 0.65% | 108 | 0.19% | 31 | -61.73% | -10,256 | 16,615 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Wythe | 20.85% | 3,143 | 77.85% | 11,733 | 1.13% | 170 | 0.17% | 26 | -57.00% | -8,590 | 15,072 |
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|York | 45.59% | 17,683 | 52.19% | 20,241 | 1.75% | 680 | 0.47% | 183 | -6.60% | -2,558 | 38,787 |
Results by congressional district
Biden won 7 out of Virginia's 11 congressional districts.
Counties and independent cities that flipped from Republican to Democratic
- Chesapeake (independent city)
- Chesterfield (no municipalities)
- Lynchburg (independent city)
- James City (no municipalities)
- Stafford (no municipalities)
- Virginia Beach (independent city)
Analysis
In this election, Virginia voted 5.6% more Democratic than the nation as a whole. Although Virginia was considered a reliably Republican state at the presidential level from 1952 to 2004 (having only gone to the Democrats once during that period, in Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 landslide), it has not voted Republican in a presidential election since 2004. In recent years, densely populated counties in Northern Virginia close to Washington, D.C. have tilted towards the Democrats. This was the first election since 1988 that a presidential candidate won Virginia by double digits (George H. W. Bush having carried the state by 20.5% in his first run), and the first election in which any presidential candidate received over 2 million votes in Virginia.
As fellow Southern state Georgia tilted towards Biden, he became the first Democrat since Harry Truman in 1948 to carry both states. Conversely, Virginia and Florida continued drifting apart after a more-than-100-year run (from 1880 through 2012) of voting alike in almost every election (only voting differently in 1976 and 1996, when the Democratic nominees won Florida but lost Virginia.) In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat since Reconstruction to win Virginia while losing Florida, a pattern that would be repeated with Biden in 2020. This was also the first election in which a former Confederate state backed a Democratic candidate by a margin of victory greater than 10% since 1996, when Arkansas and Louisiana did so for Bill Clinton.
Following the election, news and political analysts considered the presidential results in Virginia, along with Democrats holding the senate seat held by Mark Warner, their house congressional majority, plus the previous year's elections in which Democrats flipped the state General Assembly, to be indicative that it was no longer a swing state, but a blue state.[27][28]
Their domination of state and local offices would be short-lived, however, as in 2021 the Republicans flipped the Democratic-held offices of governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general, as well as winning control of the Virginia House of Delegates.[29][30] In 2023, Democrats recaptured the House of Delegates, winning full control of the General Assembly once again, albeit by narrower margins than what they acquired in 2019.
Voter demographics
Demographic subgroup | Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Biden | Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Trump | No Answer |
% of Voters |
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | ||||
Democrat | 96 | 4 | N/A | 36 |
Republican | 9 | 90 | N/A | 34 |
Independent | 57 | 38 | N/A | 30 |
Gender | ||||
Men | 49 | 48 | 1 | 49 |
Women | 61 | 38 | 1 | 51 |
Race | ||||
White | 45 | 53 | 2 | 67 |
Black | 89 | 10 | 1 | 18 |
Latino | 61 | 36 | 3 | 7 |
Asian | 60 | 38 | 2 | 4 |
Other | 50 | 43 | 7 | 3 |
Gender by race/ethnicity | ||||
White men | 39 | 58 | 3 | 33 |
White women | 50 | 49 | 1 | 33 |
Black men | 86 | 14 | N/A | 8 |
Black women | 92 | 8 | N/A | 11 |
Latino men (of any race) | 53 | 41 | 6 | 3 |
Latino women (of any race) | 68 | 32 | N/A | 4 |
All other races | 58 | 40 | 2 | 8 |
Gender by marital status | ||||
Married men | 50 | 49 | N/A | 29 |
Married women | 51 | 47 | N/A | 28 |
Unmarried men | 58 | 39 | 3 | 20 |
Unmarried women | 69 | 30 | N/A | 23 |
Parents | ||||
Men with children | 49 | 49 | 1 | 15 |
Women with children | 58 | 41 | 1 | 19 |
Men no children | 53 | 43 | 4 | 34 |
Women no children | 60 | 38 | 2 | 32 |
Age | ||||
18–24 years old | 62 | 33 | 1 | 12 |
25–29 years old | 63 | 34 | 3 | 8 |
30–39 years old | 60 | 38 | 2 | 17 |
40–49 years old | 63 | 36 | 1 | 16 |
50–64 years old | 48 | 51 | N/A | 29 |
65 and older | 45 | 54 | 1 | 18 |
LGBT | ||||
Yes | 83 | 11 | N/A | 5 |
No | 53 | 43 | 4 | 95 |
First time voter | ||||
First time voter | 65 | 32 | 3 | 9 |
Everyone else | 55 | 42 | N/A | 91 |
U.S. military veteran | ||||
Yes | 36 | 62 | N/A | 16 |
No | 59 | 38 | N/A | 84 |
Education | ||||
College graduate | 57 | 40 | N/A | 43 |
No college degree | 53 | 46 | 1 | 57 |
Education by race/ethnicity | ||||
White college graduates | 52 | 45 | 3 | 33 |
White no college degree | 38 | 62 | N/A | 34 |
Non-white college graduates | 75 | 24 | 1 | 10 |
Non-white no college degree | 76 | 22 | 2 | 23 |
Income | ||||
Under $50,000 | 60 | 39 | 1 | 33 |
$50,000–99,999 | 52 | 47 | 1 | 27 |
Over $100,000 | 46 | 53 | 1 | 41 |
Abortion should be | ||||
Legal | 78 | 20 | 2 | 54 |
Illegal | 29 | 69 | 1 | 42 |
Area Type | ||||
Urban | 64 | 34 | 2 | 24 |
Suburban | 53 | 45 | 2 | 60 |
Rural | 46 | 52 | 2 | 16 |
Region | ||||
DC Suburbs | 68 | 30 | N/A | 30 |
Central Virginia | 44 | 53 | 3 | 16 |
Hampton Roads | 62 | 36 | N/A | 16 |
Richmond/Southside | 56 | 42 | N/A | 18 |
Mountain | 35 | 63 | N/A | 20 |
Source: CNN[31] |
See also
- United States presidential elections in Virginia
- 2020 United States presidential election
- 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries
- 2020 United States elections
Notes
- Partisan clients
References
External links
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Cite web (State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
- Шаблон:Ballotpedia
Шаблон:2020 United States elections Шаблон:State results of the 2020 U.S. presidential election
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2020 Bitecofer Model Electoral College Predictions Шаблон:Webarchive, Niskanen Center, March 24, 2020, retrieved: April 19, 2020
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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