Английская Википедия:2020–2023 Horn of Africa drought

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The 2020–2023 Horn of Africa drought is an ongoing drought that hit the countries of Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya. The rainy season of 2022 was recorded to be the driest in over 40 years, with an estimated 43,000 in Somalia dying in 2022. Шаблон:As of, the region is now in its 5th failed rainy season and a 6th failed season is predicted.

Background

The drought is preceded by the 2011 East Africa drought and the 2017 Somali drought, and is caused by the El Niño effect. The negative conditions of the Indian Ocean Dipole is also a contributor to the drought.

Humanitarian situation

As of November 29, 2022, 36.4 million are reported to be affected in total, 24.1 million in Ethiopia, 7.8 million in Somalia and 4.5 million in Kenya. This includes 9 million women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who face dangers to their health and aggravated risks of gender-based violence due to the drought. 18 million are facing extreme hunger, 1.5 million are displaced,. With 9.5 million livestock being reported dead, broken down into 4 million in Ethiopia, 2.5 million in Kenya and over 3 million in Somalia, the region has seen monetary losses resulting in $1.5 billion being lost in livestock alone. 5.1 million children are acutely malnourished in drought-affected areas, of whom nearly 2.7 million are in Ethiopia, 0.64 million in Kenya and 1.8 million in Somalia.

Somalia

Шаблон:Further In Somalia, 7.8 million people face extreme hunger, a number that is expected to rise to 8 million by mid-2023, or half of the nations population. The droughts effects are further exacerbated by the Russo-Ukrainian War, as Somalia exported 90% of its wheat from the region, with its own farming capabilities destroyed in the 3 decade long Somali Civil War. By 2022 the drought had already claimed the lives of 43,000 people in Somalia half of which under the age of 5. The Baidoa and Burhakaba districts in the Bay region of the country are the most affected and are closest to famine as of now.

Kenya

In Kenya the northernmost regions of the country, the Turkana, Samburu, Marsabit, Isiolo, Mandera, and Garissa counties remain the most affected by the drought, Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, or ASAL. The drought has exacerbated conflict in the region, with the nations pastoralists being most affected, with the violence growing to such an issue that Uhuru Kenyatta, the president of Kenya, deemed it a "national emergency". Furthermore, a large amount of school children have had to drop out to support their families due to the situation.

Government response

The Kenyan government has taken steps to protect pastoralists against the drought, allowing pastoralists to sign up in a $120 million insurance scheme that will help them when drought hits, backed by the World Bank.

Ethiopia

Overall

On 29 March 2022, the International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (IFCR) reported that 6.8 million Ethiopians were in need of humanitarian assistance. By October the same year, UNICEF reported that around 29.7 million people in Ethiopia were in need of humanitarian assistance.

Livestock and wildlife

Pastoralists have reported much of their livestock perishing in the drought. In 2021, half of the lifestock of men in the town of Kargi, Kenya was reported to have died, with 2.4 million livestock perishing in the entirety of Kenya.

Furthermore, the deaths of

• 205 elephants
• 512 wildebeests
• 381 common zebras
• 51 buffalos
• 49 Grévy's zebras
• 12 giraffes

were reported between September 2021 to 2022 May by the Kenya Wildlife Service in the Amboseli, Tsavo and Laikipia-Samburu areas.

See also

• 2017 Somali drought