Английская Википедия:2022–2023 mpox outbreak in South America

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The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in South America is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached South America on 27 May 2022 when Argentina reported their first case of mpox. Шаблон:As of 8 South American countries and territories have confirmed cases.

Background

Шаблон:Hatnote Шаблон:Excerpt An ongoing outbreak of mpox was confirmed on 6 May 2022, beginning with a British resident who, after travelling to Nigeria (where the disease is endemic), presented symptoms consistent with mpox on 29 April 2022. The resident returned to the United Kingdom on 4 May, creating the country's index case of the outbreak. The origin of several of the cases of mpox in the United Kingdom is unknown. Some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the London area as of mid-May, but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months.

Transmission

Файл:Stages of monkeypox lesion development.jpg

Stages of lesion development. Picture taken by Dr O.O. Afuye on 15 September 2019.

A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found, such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.

In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.

Timeline

Arrival

An index case was imported into Argentina on 27 May. It was unknown how the disease was contracted, but likely abroad in mpox-affected countries. The patient had likely showed symptoms since 25 May, and was admitted to a hospital on 26 May. The next day, the patient was confirmed to have contracted mpox. The following day, another mpox case was confirmed, and Argentina reported these cases to Reliefweb.

Cases transited through South America

June

9 June

Шаблон:Main On 9 June, Brazil confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a 41-year-old male who may have been infected from recently traveling to Spain and Portugal, which had already been affected by the mpox outbreak. It was likely contracted via skin-to-skin contact.

12 June

On 12 June, Venezuela registered its first case of mpox. It was in a male of unknown age who had likely contracted the disease via skin-to-skin contact in Madrid, Spain which had already been affected by the mpox outbreak.

17 June

Шаблон:Main On 17 June, Chile confirmed its first mpox infection. It was in a young male of unknown specific age from the Metropolitan Region. It was likely contracted via skin-to-skin contact from a trip to Europe.

23 June

Шаблон:Main On 23 June, Colombia confirmed its first three cases of mpox in adults of unknown genders and ages. Two of the cases were found in the capital Bogota, and the third was found in Colombia's second city, Medellin. It was unknown how those cases were contracted, although it was likely skin-to-skin contact picked up abroad.

26 June

Шаблон:Main On 26 June, Peru reported its first case of mpox. It was in a foreign citizen of unknown gender or age who resides in Lima, Peru. The patient likely got infected via while being in contact with people from abroad. It was likely skin-to-skin contact rather than sexual contact.

July

6 July

On 6 July, Ecuador reported its first mpox infection. It was in a 30-year-old male who resides in the Southwest coastal province of Guayas, Ecuador. It is unknown how the patient contracted the disease, but likely skin-to-skin contact picked up abroad.Шаблон:Citation needed

29 July

On 29 July, Uruguay registered its first case of mpox. It was in a patient of unknown age and gender. It is unknown how the disease was contracted, but likely skin-to-skin contact abroad.

August

1 August

On 1 August, Bolivia confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a 38-year-old male. It is unknown how the disease was contracted, but likely skin-to-skin contact picked up abroad.

Responses

World Health Organization (WHO)

On 20 May, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of independent advisers to discuss the outbreak and assess the threat level. Its European chief, Hans Kluge, expressed concern that infections could accelerate in Europe as people gather for parties and festivals over the summer. On 14 June, the WHO announced plans to rename disease from monkeypox to mpox in order to combat stigma and racism surrounding the disease. Another meeting convened on 23 June determined that the outbreak does not constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern for the time being.

Countries

The majority of South American countries responded to the outbreak, and the responses of some are listed below.

• Шаблон:Flag: The Brazilian Ministry of Health created groups of biologists to monitor monkeys and medical groups to monitor possible cases. On August 8, 2022, during a podcast, the president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro made homophobic jokes about the disease. When questioning the host about whether he would get a mpox vaccine, and the host says yes; Jair Bolsonaro replied: "I'm sure you want to get the vaccine. You don't fool me" followed by laughter. The host remains in his serious speech on the subject, Bolsonaro commented: "Don't you understand?" clarifying the homophobic tone of the comment.
• Шаблон:Flag: As of May, the Colombian Ministry of Health was taking follow-up and control measures. The Director of Epidemiology and Demography of the Ministry of Health, Claudia Cuellar, informed the Colombian population about how mpox is spread through people, and she spoke about the clinical presentation of the virus and international health regulations. Health authorities in the Department of Norte de Santander have been on alert, since the department is a border area where people pass between Colombia and Venezuela.

Cases per country and territory

This is a table of confirmed and suspected mpox cases in South American countries during the ongoing 2022–2023 mpox outbreak. It does not include countries where suspected cases were reported but later discarded. (Шаблон:As of)

Cases of mpox by countries of South America (last updated on Шаблон:As of)

Country	Confirmed	Suspected	Total	Deaths	Last update	First confirmed case	First confirmed death
Шаблон:ARG	1,129	Шаблон:Mdash	1,129	2	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts
Шаблон:BOL	265	Шаблон:Mdash	265	Шаблон:Mdash	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Mdash
Шаблон:Flagdeco Brazil	10,967	1,874	12,841	16	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts
Шаблон:Flagdeco Chile	1,442	26	1,468	3	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts
Шаблон:Flagdeco Colombia	4,090	Шаблон:Mdash	4,090	Шаблон:Mdash	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Mdash
Шаблон:ECU	557	Шаблон:Mdash	557	3	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts
Шаблон:Flagdeco Peru	3,812	Шаблон:Mdash	3,812	20	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts
Шаблон:URU	19	Шаблон:Mdash	19	Шаблон:Mdash	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Mdash
Шаблон:VEN	12	Шаблон:Mdash	12	Шаблон:Mdash	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Mdash
Шаблон:NoflagTotal	22,293	1,900	24,193	44	Шаблон:Mdash

Timeline of first confirmed cases by country or territory

First confirmed mpox cases by country or territory

Date	Countries / Territories
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagdeco Brazil
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagdeco Chile
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagdeco Colombia
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagdeco Peru
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag

Timeline of suspected cases by country or territory

Countries listed below had only suspected cases at the time of reporting. Some countries reported confirmed cases after reporting suspected cases. Countries listed several times reported suspected cases again after they discarded suspected cases before.

Timeline of suspected mpox cases by country or territory

Date	Countries / Territories
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon image French GuianaШаблон:Efn-laШаблон:Efn-la (discounted on 1 June)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:BOL (discounted between 3 and 10 June)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:ECU (discounted on 30 May)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:PER (discounted on 2 June) • Шаблон:BRA (confirmed cases reported on 9 June)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:PAR (discounted on 7 June)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:URU (confirmed cases reported on 29 July)
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:ECU (discounted on 15 June)

Timeline of first deaths by country or territory

Timeline of mpox deaths by country or territory

Date	Countries / Territories
29 July 2022	Шаблон:Flagdeco Brazil
1 August 2022	Шаблон:Flagdeco Peru
8 August 2022	Шаблон:ECU

See also

• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in North America