Английская Википедия:3-Phosphoglyceric acid
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P).[1] This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle. In the Calvin-Benson cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is typically the product of the spontaneous scission of an unstable 6-carbon intermediate formed upon CO2 fixation. Thus, two equivalents of 3-phosphoglycerate are produced for each molecule of CO2 that is fixed.[2][3][4] In glycolysis, 3-phosphoglycerate is an intermediate following the dephosphorylation (reduction) of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.[4]Шаблон:Rp
Glycolysis
Шаблон:Main In the glycolytic pathway, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is dephosphorylated to form 3-phosphoglyceric acid in a coupled reaction producing two ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.[5] The single phosphate group left on the 3-PGA molecule then moves from an end carbon to a central carbon, producing 2-phosphoglycerate.[5]Шаблон:Efn This phosphate group relocation is catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase, an enzyme that also catalyzes the reverse reaction.[6]
[[1,3-bisphosphoglycerate|1,3-bisphospho-Шаблон:Small-glycerate]] | 3-phosphoglycerate kinase | [[3-phosphoglycerate|3-phospho-Шаблон:Small-glycerate]] | Phosphoglyceromutase | [[2-phosphoglycerate|2-phospho-Шаблон:Small-glycerate]] | ||
Файл:1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.svg | Файл:3-phospho-D-glycerate.svg | Файл:2-phospho-D-glycerate wpmp.png | ||||
ADP | ATP | |||||
Файл:Biochem reaction arrow reversible YYYY horiz med.svg | Файл:Biochem reaction arrow reversible NNNN horiz med.svg | |||||
ADP | ATP | |||||
3-phosphoglycerate kinase | Phosphoglyceromutase |
Шаблон:KEGG compound Шаблон:KEGG enzyme Шаблон:KEGG compound Шаблон:KEGG enzyme Шаблон:KEGG compound
Шаблон:GlycolysisGluconeogenesis WP534
Calvin-Benson cycle
In the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle), two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules are synthesized. RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar, undergoes carbon fixation, catalyzed by the rubisco enzyme, to become an unstable 6-carbon intermediate. This intermediate is then cleaved into two, separate 3-carbon molecules of 3-PGA.[7] One of the resultant 3-PGA molecules continues through the Calvin-Benson cycle to be regenerated into RuBP while the other is reduced to form one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in two steps: the phosphorylation of 3-PGA into 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid via the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (the reverse of the reaction seen in glycolysis) and the subsequent catalysis by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase into G3P.[8][9][10] G3P eventually reacts to form the sugars such as glucose or fructose or more complex starches.[4]Шаблон:Rp[8][9]
Amino acid synthesis
Glycerate 3-phosphate (formed from 3-phosphoglycerate) is also a precursor for serine, which, in turn, can create cysteine and glycine through the homocysteine cycle.[11][12][13]
Measurement
3-phosphoglycerate can be separated and measured using paper chromatography[14] as well as with column chromatography and other chromatographic separation methods.[15] It can be identified using both gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and has been optimized for evaluation using tandem MS techniques.[1][16][17]
See also
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Notelist
Шаблон:Glycolysis Шаблон:Amino acid metabolism intermediates Шаблон:Glycinergics
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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