Английская Википедия:45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K)
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox weapon The 45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K) was a Soviet design adapted from the 45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K). This was a copy of a Шаблон:Convert German weapon designed by Rheinmetall that was sold to the Soviets before Hitler came to power in 1933 that had been enlarged to Шаблон:Convert to reuse a large stock of old 47mm ammunition. It was used by the Soviet Navy to equip almost all of their ships from 1934 as its primary light anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the fully automatic 37 mm 70-K gun from 1942 to 1943. It was used in World War II and during the Cold War as the Soviets exported their World War II-era ships to their friends and allies. However it was not very effective as its slow rate of fire and lack of a time fuze required a direct hit to damage targets.
Design
The 46-caliber21-K was a minimal adaptation of the 53-K anti-tank gun that was created by taking the latter's barrel and mounting it on a simple pedestal mount. Its semi-automatic breech automatically ejected the cartridge case and locked open, ready for the next round. This was less than ideal for an anti-aircraft weapon that relied on its rate of fire to inflict damage on aircraft because every round had to be hand-loaded.[1] Fully automatic weapons of roughly this caliber like the 40 mm Bofors typically used 4-5 round clips of ammunition to produce rates of fire four times as high.
Early production guns had a built-up barrel, but later ones used a monobloc. There were problems with the breech mechanism early in the production run and a number of the first year's production run lacked the semi-automatic breech entirely.[2]
Description
The 21-K, complete with its pedestal, weighed Шаблон:Convert. It was manually operated and could elevate between -10° and +85° at a rate between 10 and 20 degrees per second. It could traverse a full 360° at a rate between 10 and 18 degrees per second, although this was practically limited by its actual location on ship. In the mid-1930s special powered turrets were developed for use on river monitors. The 40-K was a single gun turret that weighed Шаблон:Convert and the 41-K was a twin-gun turret that weighed Шаблон:Convert. Both turrets could elevate between -5° and +85° at a rate of 8 degrees per second and could traverse a full 360° at a rate between 4.8 and 9.8 degrees per second.[2]
Ammunition
The 21-K used the same ammunition as the 45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K). The biggest problem in its role as an anti-aircraft gun was that it wasn't provided with a time fuze that would detonate the shell at a specified distance from the gun. This meant that only a direct hit would damage its target.[2]
| Shell name | Type | Weight | Filling Weight | Muzzle velocity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR-240 | armor-piercing | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert |
| OT-033 | Fragmentation-tracer | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert |
| OR-73A | Fragmentation-tracer | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert |
| F-73 | High-explosive | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert |
| O-240 | High-explosive | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert |
See also
Notes
References
External links
- ↑ Breyer, p. 275
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- 45 mm artillery
- Naval anti-aircraft guns
- World War II anti-aircraft guns
- World War II artillery of the Soviet Union
- Anti-aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
- Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
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