Английская Википедия:A12 motorway (Switzerland)
| Route of the A12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Length: ca. Шаблон:Convert | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Junctions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The A12 motorway, an Autobahn in western Switzerland, is a divided highway connecting the A9 to the A1.[1]
The A12 runs from the A9 in Vevey along the Freiburger Alps via Fribourg to the A1 in Bern and thus represents an important link to Western Switzerland. The A12 acts as the main route of the Canton of Freiburg and crosses the Canton area in the diagonal of Chatel-Saint-Denis (in the southwest) to the Flamatt in the northeast. Since 1981, the entire highway has been open to traffic. A scenic location on the Lac de la Gruyère is the resting place de Gruyère, with its adjacent hotel.
Route
The A12 travels from the junction of the A9 La Veyre on a plateau (500 m above sea level) over Vevey. During the first Шаблон:Convert, the highway rises along the eastern flank of the Veveyse up to Шаблон:Convert above sea level and forms a sharp S-curve. This highway section, with an average gradient of 5.8% (and maximum gradients over 6%), is one of the steepest stretches of motorway in the Swiss national road network. After the ascent portion, the canyon of Veveyse de Fégire is crossed by a bridge. Once reaching the plateau of Haute Veveyse, at the foot of the Alps, the road has only small differences in height. The culminating point is located, at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert above sea level, at Weiler Prayoud northeast of Chatel-Saint-Denis. Here are the main European watershed between the Rhone with the catchment area of the Veveyse, and passes the Rhine (with the catchment areas of Broye and Sarine).
At a length of Шаблон:Convert, the A12 now runs at an altitude of about Шаблон:Convert above sea level, before it reaches the Gruyère region and the basin of Bulle. It then runs between the reservoir Lac de la Gruyère and the heights of Le Gibloux to the north. At Gumefens and Avry-devant-Pont there are two Tagbau-tunnels. North of the latter is the most important building of the A12, the approximately 2-km long Viaduc du Lac de la Gruyère, constructed during the years 1974–1979 in a sweeping curve to the western valley side, spanning two short arms of the Lac de la Gruyère.
Afterwards, the highway enters the Molasse plateau of Freiburg Plateau, tackling in several stages a height difference of just over Шаблон:Convert. After the bridge over the Glâne, the agglomeration of Freiburg in the west and northwest is bypassed through hilly terrain, known before (with another bridge over the Schiffenensee and Pont de la Madeleine, in line to the little hermitage in the sandstone cliffs near the highway bridge), and thus the Sarine gulch crosses the German/French language border.
As a result, the corridor runs through the little reliefs plateau at Düdingen and Wünnewil. With a bridge at Flamatt, which has a gradient of 4%, the road leaves the plateau and reaches the valley of the Sense (river). Thereafter, the A12 runs through the relatively densely populated and industrial and commercial buildings lined Wangental valley, to the western border of the city of Bern. Following is the Southern Bypass of the district Bümpliz, with an almost Шаблон:Convert bridge crossing the plateau, before the highway ends at the junction Weyermannshaus into the A1.
Engineering structures
The A12 has, due to the hilly, pre-alpine topography, some different engineering structures, especially bridges. The most significant of which are (in sequence from Vevey to Bern):
- Viaduct Fégire: Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert high
- Tunnel de Gumefens: Шаблон:Convert long, Tagbautunnel
- Tunnel d'Avry: Шаблон:Convert long, Tagbautunnel
- Viaduc du Lac de la Gruyère: Шаблон:Convert long, 33 piers, piers with a height of Шаблон:Convert
- Viaduc de la Glâne: approximately Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert high
- Pont de la Madeleine (bridge over the Schiffenensee): Шаблон:Convert long, a medium storage level of the lake Шаблон:Convert above the water surface
- Bridge Flamatt: Шаблон:Convert long, 4% incline, leading through residential and commercial neighborhoods of Flamatt
- Tagbautunnel Thörishaus: Шаблон:Convert long
- Viaduct Weyermannshaus: Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert high
Historical Aspects
The leadership of a motorway, through the Canton of Freiburg, had already been studied in the 1950s decade. Concrete plans on the lines of the first sections have been around since the beginning of the 1960s. The first walked the line between Corpataux Matran and the end of 1963, for consultation, a year later it was followed by the northeastern continuation of the highway to Düdingen. In 1966 and 1967, the sections were sanctioned by the then Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications of the Swiss Federal and soon started to build.
On 31 July 1971, with the section of Düdingen Corpataux, the first leg of the A12 was in operation. The city of Fribourg was thus a bypass for transit traffic. It was first created by Matran Corpataux as only one lane, the second lane followed about seven years later. The last section of the A12, between Vaulruz and Vevey, was opened at the end of 1981.
| Opening of the A12 Autobahn sections | |
|---|---|
| Section | Date |
| A1 - Thörishaus | 7 Dec 1977 |
| Thörishaus - Flamatt | 6 Dec 1976 |
| Flamatt - Düdingen | 27 Sep 1973 |
| Düdingen - Matran | 31 Jul 1971 |
| Matran - Corpataux: 1st Richtungsfahrbahn | 31 Jul 1971 |
| Matran - Corpataux: 2nd Richtungsfahrbahn | 14 Jul 1978 |
| Corpataux - Avry-devant-Pont | 31 Oct 1979 |
| Avry-devant-Pont - Vuippens | 23 Nov 1981 |
| Vuippens - Bulle | 8 Nov 1978 |
| Bulle - Vaulruz | 29 Jul 1977 |
| Vaulruz - A9 | 23 Nov 1981 |
The thruway A12 existed from end to end in 1981, as a motorway link between the German-speaking Switzerland and those in western Switzerland. As a result, developed the line from Bern via the A12 and the A9 for Lausanne on the A1 for approximately 20 years to the main transit route between Zurich and Geneva. However, the A12, during the winter, was always vulnerable to ice and snow-covered roadways because of the steep gradients and long sections at elevations above Шаблон:Convert.
As has been made consistently in 2001, the A1 is also in operation, shifted back some of the traffic on the originally planned as a transit route highway. This is very well documented by the counting stations of Wünnewil and bull (overland routes), which in 2000 were measured in the average daily volume of 29,000 vehicles, 2002 just over 22,000 vehicles (about 20% less than two years before). The highest traffic densities on the A12 were recorded 2004, in the Fribourg area, with an average daily traffic of 29,000 vehicles.
The full opening of the A12 in particular gave the regions of Fribourg and Bones and the structurally Haute Veveyse important economic stimulus and led to the easy accessibility to the tourist region of Gruyère, both from the Lake Geneva region as well as from Berne.
Major engineering works
The following are major construction projects underway along A12:
- (none at present)
Notes
References
- "Die Schweitzer Autobahnen", Autobahnen.ch, 2009, web: Autobahnen.ch (with sub-webpage for A9).
- More sources in "Motorways of Switzerland".
External links
- Autobahn A12 (Website of the Service des Autoroutes du canton de Fribourg; in French)
- Photo-series: A12 on Autobahnen.ch
Шаблон:Motorways of Switzerland Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ "Die Schweitzer Autobahnen", web: Autobahnen.ch
