Английская Википедия:AK-630

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox weapon

The AK-630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval, rotary cannon, close-in weapon system. The "630" designation refers to the weapon's six gun barrels and their 30 mm caliber.

The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR-123 radar and television detection and tracking. The weapon's primary purpose is defense against aircraft and helicopters. As one of the tried-and-true CIWS systems available, effectiveness against anti-ship missiles has been demonstrated over the years in exercises,[1] making it the staple anti-air weapon of most Soviet naval vessels.

The AK-630 can also be employed against ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. Once operational, the system was rapidly adopted and installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine-hunters to aircraft carriers) with up to eight units on larger vessels; hundreds have been produced in total.

Description

Файл:Minsk port bow AK-630 CIWS gun fire control radar.JPG
MR-123 fire control radar on the Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk

The complete weapon system is called A-213-Vympel-A, which comprises the AK-630M Gun Mount, MR-123-02 Fire Control Radar System, and SP-521 Electrical-Optical Tracker. A single MR-123 radar system can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at Шаблон:Convert respectively. The electro-optical system can detect a MiG-21–sized aerial target Шаблон:Convert away, while torpedo boat–sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to Шаблон:Convert. Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian navy ships from fast attack boats to the Шаблон:Sclass.

The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older) CIWS models. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence (last) layer. However, like all gun-based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat.

Development

Файл:Coastal based AK-603.jpg
Coastal based AK-630 of Indian Navy during firing drill

The AK-630 CIWS has several versions and sometimes the Kashtan CIWS's sub-systems and its derivatives are also included.

AK-630

The design of the AK-630 CIWS was initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, including radar and controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service.[2]

AK-630M

During the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK-630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK-630M and was accepted into service.

AK-306

A derivative of AK-630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK-306. Externally, the air-cooled AK-306 can be distinguished from the AK-630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK-630). Internally, the AK-306 (A-219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti-missile weapon and more of a surface-to-surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed from A-213-Vympel-A to A-219. The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service.[3]

AK-630M1-2

In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK-630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK-630M1-2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK-630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK-630M1-2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later called Kashtan. The single example of AK-630M1-2 Roy remains installed on the Project 206.6 class missile boat # P-44.

AK-630M2

In July 2007 at IMDS-2007, a modernized version of the AK-630M1-2 called AK-630M2 with two AO-18KD rotary cannons was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK-630 mounts.[4]

In 2012 it was announced that the new Ivan Gren-class landing ship would be armed with the modified AK-630M2 system.[5] It is also used by the Buyan-M-class missile corvette.[6]

H/PJ-13

Файл:NG-18 CIWS.jpg
H/PJ-13 (NG-18)

H/PJ-13 is the Chinese upgraded version of AK-630M. The most obvious visual difference between AK-630 and its Chinese cousin H/PJ-13 is that the latter has a stealth turret.[7] Instead of MP-123-02 fire control radar originally used on AK-630M, a modified version of Type 347 radar is used.[7] The original electro-optical system of AK-630M is also replaced by domestic Chinese system ZGJ-1B,[7] and the fire control system is replaced by domestic Chinese ZFJ-1A fire control system.[7] To improve its anti-missile capability, Chinese have also developed APDS round for H/PJ-13 to supplement/replace the original high explosive round of the AK-630M.[7]

Kamand

The Kamand is an Iranian CIWS based on AK-630 to counter anti-ship missiles and low flying aircraft. The Kamand gun system is able to hit airborne targets at a range of two kilometres firing projectiles at a rate of 4,000 to 7,000 rounds per minute. The said system is installed on some Iranian naval ships like Alborz and Sahand frigates.[8]

Comparison with current CIWS

Comparison of some modern CIWS
Шаблон:Flagicon AK-630[9] Шаблон:Flagicon AK-630M1-2[10] Шаблон:Flagicon Phalanx CIWS[11] Шаблон:Flagicon Goalkeeper CIWS Шаблон:Flagicon DARDO[12]
Weight Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert 6,200 kg (13,700 lb, incl. in-built radars) Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert
Armament Шаблон:Convert 6-barrel GSh-6-30 rotary cannon 2 × Шаблон:Convert 6-barrel GSh-6-30 rotary cannon Шаблон:Convert 6-barrel M61 Vulcan rotary cannon Шаблон:Convert 7-barrel GAU-8 rotary cannon Шаблон:Convert 2-barrel Bofors 40 mm
Rate of Fire 5,000 rounds per minute 10,000 rounds per minute 4,500 rounds per minute 4,200 rounds per minute 600/900 rounds per minute (optionally: proximity-fuse rounds)
(effective/ flat-trajectory) Range Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert Шаблон:Convert
Ammunition storage 2,000 rounds 4,000 rounds 1,550 rounds 1,190 rounds 736 rounds
Muzzle velocity Шаблон:Convert per second Шаблон:Convert per second Шаблон:Convert per second Шаблон:Convert per second Шаблон:Convert per second
Elevation −12 to +88 degrees −25 to +90 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −13 to +85 degrees
Traverse ±180 degrees ±180 degrees ±150 degrees 360 degrees 360 degrees

Operators

Шаблон:More citations needed section

Файл:AK-630 operators.png
Map of AK-630 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

Former operators

See also

References

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Russian Navy Latest Buyan-M Corvette Vyshny Volochek Started Sea Trials Шаблон:Webarchive - Navyrecognition.com, 7 September 2017
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MRUS2 не указан текст
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MRUS не указан текст
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