Английская Википедия:A & R Recording

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About A & R Recording Inc. was a major American independent studio recording company founded in 1958 by Jack Arnold[lower-alpha 1]Шаблон:Sfn and Phil Ramone.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

History

Before founding A & R Recording in 1958, Arnold and Ramone had been working at JAC Recording, Inc.; Arnold had been a partner at JAC. The "A" and "R" initials were derived from their surnames. But also, Arnold and Ramone relished the idea that their initials and company name matched the industry acronym for "artist and repertoire," an important avocation in the recording industry.Шаблон:Sfn

Jack Arnold ended his association with A & R Recording shortly after co-founding it, due to health issues.

Original A & R studio – 112 West 48th Street

The original studio was in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on the fourth floor of Mogull's Film & TV[lower-alpha 2] building at 112 West 48th Street. The studio was named "Studio A1." Manny's[lower-alpha 3]Шаблон:Sfn—a music instrument retailer—was one-half of the first three floors; Mogull's Film & TV was the other half. Jim and Andy's Bar,[lower-alpha 4]Шаблон:Sfn an important hangout for studio musicians was next door at 116 West 48th Street. Ramone installed an intercom from the studio to Jim & Andy's to call for musicians if someone did not show-up.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

In the first studio, Ramone gained a reputation as a good sound engineer and music producer, in particular for his use of innovative technology. According to David Simons, author, the original studio at 112 West 48th St., which was started on a shoestring budget, remains Ramone's greatest legacy.Шаблон:Sfn

The studio was designed for the purpose of doing demos. According to Ramone, the room, Шаблон:Convert by Шаблон:Convert, had an incredibly unique sound. He attributed much of it to the height of Шаблон:Convert and before long clients were requesting to do their final tapes there and in no uncertain terms letting it be known that this was no mere demo studio. In a short period of time, Ramone felt the need to upgrade the equipment.

Second studio, Studios A-1 and A-2 – 799 7th Avenue

In October 1967, A & R purchased Columbia's Studio A on the seventh floor at 799 7th Avenue at 52nd StreetШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and leased the space, which consisted of about Шаблон:ConvertШаблон:Sfn Columbia had owned the studio since 1939. The building was demolished in 1983 to make way for Equitable Center West at 787 7th Avenue, currently the BNP Paribas Building. Toronto-born Donald C. Hahn (né Donald Clarence Hahn; 1939–2020),Шаблон:Sfn who had been with A & R since 1961, was – effective October 1, 1969 – promoted from Senior Engineer to Vice President of A & R Recording, in charge of supervising the 799 7th Avenue facilities.Шаблон:Sfn

Capacities, as published in 1974:Шаблон:Sfn
Studio A-1: 40 × 50 feet; height 30 feet – Шаблон:Convert – accommodated 90 people
Studio A-2: 25 × 30 feet; height 12 feet – Шаблон:Convert – accommodated 20 people

Third studio, Studios R-1 and R-2 – 322 West 48th Street

A & R added a third studio in the Leeds Music Corporation building at 322 West 48th Street. A & R became part owner of the building, a 6-story building, and designed recording studios on the first and second floors, named R1 and R2, respectively. The "R" stood for "Ramone." A & R also occupied the basement.Шаблон:Sfn 322 West 48th Street is currently the home of American Federation of Musicians Local 802, the New York City musicians' union and the Jazz Foundation of America.

Capacities, as published in 1974:Шаблон:Sfn
Studio R-1: 38 × 28 feet; height 13-3/4 feet – Шаблон:Convert – accommodated 26 people
Studio R-2: 20 × 25 feet; height 13 feet – Шаблон:Convert – accommodated 12 people

Launch of A & R Records

In February 1970, A & R Recording launched A & R Records,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn a company that produced albums of artists that included Paul Simon, Burt Bacharach, Billy Joel, Dionne Warwick, Karen Kamon, Engelbert Humperdinck, George Barnes, Gloria Estefan, Bucky Pizzarelli, Barry Manilow, Laura Branigan, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Tito Puente, Petula Clark, k.d. lang and many more.

Satellite studios

In 1970, A & R Recording formalized two partnerships to build two satellite studios, one with Brooks Arthur (né Arnold Brodsky; born 1936)[lower-alpha 5] in Blauvelt, New York, and one with Norman (Norm) Fuller Vincent (1930–2014) in Jacksonville, Florida.

914 Sound Studios

The partnership with Arthur was named "914 SRS" and was located at 34 NY Route 303 in Blauvelt. "SRS stood for "Sound Recording Studios." The legal structure of the partnership was in the form of a New York corporation operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of A & R Recording Inc. The entity name was "914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc." The studio, a converted gas station, opened October 1970. Arthur owned one-half; Ramone, Don Frey,[lower-alpha 6] and Arthur Downs Ward (1922–2002) owned the other half.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn They sold it in 1978 and the corporation—914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc.—dissolved in 1982.

Vincent SRS

The partnership with Norman Vincent, et al. was named "Vincent SRS" and was located in Jacksonville, Florida, and opened November 1970. Vincent was the operator.

Closing

A & R Recording closed in 1989.

Selected artists

Artists produced by Ramone include Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Neighborhood

In a 10-block area of midtown Manhattan during the disco era, there was Media Recording, Hit Factory, Sony, and A&R Recording had two buildings. And last but certainly not least, Record Plant Recording studios @ 321 W. 44th Street, with four studios, duplication room, two mobile recording trucks, and the master cutting room, and the Record Plant Shop. Шаблон:Ref begin

  1. A & R Recording Inc.
    112 West 48th Street
    Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone 1959. Corner of 6th Avenue, next door to Jim & Andy's Bar (116 West 48th Street) and Manny's Music (156 West 48th Street), both famous musicians hangouts. Used regularly by Tom Dowd for Atlantic sessions and producer Creed Taylor for Verve. Van Morrison recorded "Brown Eyed Girl" there.
  2. A & R Studio 2 (formerly Columbia Studio A)
    799 7th Avenue
    Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone early 1968
  3. Associated Sound (now Quad Recording Studios)
    723 7th Avenue
    Near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors down from Dick Charles. The Angels' "My Boyfriend's Back," the Raindrops'
    "What A Guy" and The McCoys' "Hang On Sloopy" were cut there
  4. Bell Sound (later The Hit Factory)
    237 West 54th Street
    Founded June 1950 by Allen Weintraub and Daniel Cronin (1929–1968), both classmates from Brooklyn Technical High School; studio was located at 135 West 54 beginning June 1959; Burt Bacharach's favorite studio. Bought by Jerry Ragovoy 1968 and reopened as The Hit Factory; sold 1975 to partner Eddie Germano (né Edward F. Germano; 1941–2003); now run by Troy George Germano (born 1962), his son
  5. Capitol Studios, Studio A (Capitol Records, Inc.)
    (the studio operated under Capitol from 1949 to 1961)
    151 West 46th Street
    First floor (one floor up) in the 14-story Eaves Building (built in 1928). The Eaves Costume Company – founded by Albert Grammer Eaves (1847–1900) in 1863 (Шаблон:Age years ago), and still in existence – occupied the ground floor.
  6. Century Sound
    135 West 52nd Street
    One flight up. Former radio studio. Opened by Brooks Arthur in 1967
  7. Columbia 30th Street
    207 East 30th Street
    Converted Armenian church. Opened 1949, closed mid-1982, torn-down, now an apartment building
  8. Columbia Studio A (later A & R Studio R2)
    799 7th Avenue
    Opened in the 1930s. Columbia's main facility prior to East 30th Street. Sold to A & R late 1967
  9. Columbia Studio B
    49 East 52nd Street
    Former site of CBS Radio Network building, near Madison Avenue. Opened late 1967
  10. Dick Charles
    729 7th Avenue
    Small demo studio, near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors up from Associated. Many of S'pop's favored songwriters recorded demos there
  11. Mira Sound
    145-155 West 47th Street
    On the ground floor of the Hotel America, now a Euro-style hotel. Recorded there: "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" by The Shangri-Las and "Society's Child" by Janis Ian
  12. The Power Station (known as Avatar Studios from 1996-2017).
    441 West 53rd Street
    Near 10th Avenue. Founded 1977 by Tony Bongiovi. Previously home to ConEdison (hence Power Station)
  13. RCA Victor
    155 East 24th Street
    Near Lexington Avenue
  14. RCA Webster Hall
    125 11th Street
    In the East Village. Built late 1800s. Converted by RCA early 1950s. Now a nightclub
  15. The Record Plant (later Streetlight)
    321 West 44th Street
    Once home to Warner Brothers Pictures; opened by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone in 1968
  16. Stea-Philips
    7th Avenue
    Corner 51st Street, close to Columbia Studio A and 1650 Broadway. Owner: Lenny Stea (né Leonard J. Stea; born 1928). The Four Seasons cut "Sherry" there
  17. Talentmasters Recording Studio
    126 West 42nd Street
    Owners: Bob Gallo and Robert (Bob) Harvey. Later bought out by Atlantic
    The Who recorded there
  18. World United
    1595 Broadway
    Owner: Harry Lookofsky, aka Hash Brown, father of Michael Brown of The Left Banke, who recorded "Walk Away Renée" there
  19. JAC Recording, Inc.
    152 West 58th Street
    Owner: Charles Leighton
    This is where Phil Ramone got his start
  20. Allegro Sound Studios
    1650 Broadway
    Owner (original): Kama Sutra Records This was actually on the 51st Street side of the 1650 Broadway building, located in the basement, around the corner from the famous jazz club Birdland. Originally a demo studio for Kama Sutra, it was then purchased by Laurie Records, who gave it an extensive upgrade under chief engineer Bruce Staple. After several changes in ownership, it became known as Generation Sound Studios in the 1970s. Many of the Tommy James hits were recorded there, including I Think We're Alone Now and Crimson And Clover. After the departure of Bruce Staple, Tony May of A&R became chief engineer.

Шаблон:Ref end

Personnel

In 1972, management of A & R included Robert Gerics (general manager & studio manager), Nick Diminno (studio manager), and Irving Joel (chief engineer). The studio was located at 322 West 48th Street.Шаблон:Sfn

Management and shareholders

Шаблон:Nowrap Recording Inc. Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Шаблон:Nowrap Records (subsidiary) Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Engineers Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Studio managers

  • Nick Diminno, studio manager
  • Robert Gerics, general manager & studio manager
  • Mitch Plotkin, studio manager

Bibliography

Annotations

Шаблон:Reflist

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Refbegin

    1. Шаблон:Cite book
    2. Шаблон:Cite book
    3. Шаблон:Cite book

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Authority control

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