Английская Википедия:Acarospora socialis
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Acarospora socialis (bright cobblestone lichen) is a usually bright yellow areolate to squamulose crustose lichen in the family Acarosporaceae that grows up to 10 cm wide, mostly on rock in western North America.[1] It is among the most common lichens in the deserts of Arizona and southern California.[2][3]Шаблон:Rp[3]Шаблон:Rp It grows on sandstone, intrusive and extrusive igneous rock such as granitics, in all kinds of exposures to sunlight, including vertical rock walls.[1] It is found in North America, including areas of the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert region, to Baja California Sur.[1] It is the most common yellow member of its genus in southwestern North America.[1] It sometimes, but rarely, grows on other soil crusts.[1] It is a pioneer species.[1]
It is variable in its growth pattern.[1] Шаблон:Lichengloss can be angular to round, sometimes forming Шаблон:Lichengloss. They can be contiguous or scattered.[1] Color is variable - bleached white, green-yellow, and other hades of yellow.[1] It has a lower surface when squamulose, but without a lower cortex.[1] With age, it forms stipes.[1] Each squamule has 0Шаблон:Citation needed or one 1 mm round to angular apothecia immersed in it, outside desert habitats, but may have 2 to 10 per in deserts.[1] Two apothecia may merged leaving a peninsula (umbo) of thalline tissue through the disc.[1] Apothecia may have lecanorine margins.[1] Apothecia have a flat to concave mostly brown or reddish brown, concave disc.[1]
Lichen spot tests are all negative.[1] It is UV+ orange.[1] Secondary metabolites include rhizocarpic acid, and sometimes trace amounts of epanorin.[1]
When young, it is very similar to Acarospora contigua.[1] But A. socialis has areolas that become lobed and squamulose.[1] When appearing on soil, it may be mistaken for Acarospora schleicheri.[1] But A. socialis has contiguous areoles while those of A. schlecheri can be imbricate.[1] It is also similar to Acarospora chrysops, which grows from South America to central Mexico, through Texas and into the Rocky Mountains.[1] It is very similar to Pleopsidium flavum at mid-level mountains, with the latter favoring higher elevations, above Шаблон:Convert, and being somewhat effigurate with smaller (less than 1 mm) yellow apothecia.[1]
References
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol 3, (2001), Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) [1]
- ↑ Joshua Tree Lichens Photo Gallery, National Park Service
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Шаблон:ISBN
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- Lichen species
- Lichens described in 1929
- Fungi of North America
- Taxa named by Adolf Hugo Magnusson
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