Английская Википедия:Administrative divisions of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Hatnote Шаблон:See also
The administrative divisions of China between 1912 and 1949 were established under the regime of the Republic of China government.
Introduction
The Republic of China was founded in 1912. It used most of the same administrative divisions as the Qing dynasty but divided Inner Mongolia into four provinces and set up several municipalities under the authority of the Executive Yuan. After the end of World War II in 1945, Manchuria was reincorporated into the Republic of China as nine provinces. Taiwan and the Penghu were also acquired by the Republic of China and organized into Taiwan Province after Retrocession Day. By this time the top-level divisions consisted of 35 provinces, 12 Yuan-controlled municipalities, one special administrative region and two regions (Outer Mongolia and Tibet).
After the central government's withdrawal from Mainland China during the Chinese Civil War and subsequent relocation to Taiwan in 1949, the jurisdiction of the ROC was restricted to only Taiwan, the Penghu, Hainan, and a few offshore islands of Fujian and Zhejiang. Hainan was captured by the People's Republic of China in May 1950, followed by the unrecognized Tibet in 1951 and Zhejiang in 1955. The remaining area is called the "Free area of the Republic of China" in the ROC Constitution. In most ordinary legislation, the term "Taiwan Area" is used in place of the "Free Area", while Mainland China is referred to as the "Mainland Area."
Provinces
After the Republic of China was established in 1912, it set up four more provinces in Inner Mongolia and two in historic Tibet, bringing the total to 28. In 1931, Ma Zhongying established Hexi in the northern parts of Gansu but the ROC never acknowledged the province. However, China lost four provinces with the establishment of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria. After the defeat of Japan in World War II in 1945, China re-incorporated Manchuria as 10 provinces, and assumed control of Taiwan as a province. As a result, the Republic of China in 1946 had 35 provinces.
Other provincial level divisions
Beiyang government (1912–28)
The Beiyang government streamlined the system used in Qing dynasty down to three levels:
The Beiyang government set up four more provinces out of Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas (Chahar, Rehe, Ningxia, Suiyuan) and two others out of parts of historical Tibet (Шаблон:Ill (later Xikang) out of Kham and Qinghai out of Amdo; Ü-Tsang was the Dalai Lama's realm at this time and not part of any province), bringing the total number of provinces up to 28.
| Division name | Abbreviation | Capital name | Note | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postal | Chinese | Pinyin | Chinese | Pinyin | Postal | Chinese | Pinyin | |
| Provinces (Шаблон:Lang Shěng) | ||||||||
| Anhwei | Шаблон:Lang | Ānhuī | Шаблон:Lang | Wǎn | Anking | Шаблон:Lang | Ānqìng | |
| Chekiang | Шаблон:Lang | Zhèjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Zhè | Hangchow | Шаблон:Lang | Hángzhōu | |
| Chihli | Шаблон:Lang | Zhílì | Шаблон:Lang | Zhí | Tientsin | Шаблон:Lang | Tiānjīn | 1914 area around Peking (Beijing) split into Shuntien Prefecture |
| Fengtien | Шаблон:Lang | Fèngtiān | Шаблон:Lang | Fèng | Mukden | Шаблон:Lang | Shěnyáng | |
| Fukien | Шаблон:Lang | Fújiàn | Шаблон:Lang | Mǐn | Foochow | Шаблон:Lang | Fúzhōu | |
| Heilungkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Hēilóngjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Hēi | Tsitsihar | Шаблон:Lang | Qíqíhār | 1914 Hulunbuir Region split, 1920 merged back. |
| Honan | Шаблон:Lang | Hénán | Шаблон:Lang | Yù | Kaifeng | Шаблон:Lang | Kāifēng | |
| Hunan | Шаблон:Lang | Húnán | Шаблон:Lang | Xiāng | Changsha | Шаблон:Lang | Chángshā | |
| Hupeh | Шаблон:Lang | Húběi | Шаблон:Lang | È | Wuchang | Шаблон:Lang | Wǔchāng | |
| Kansu | Шаблон:Lang | Gānsù | Шаблон:Lang | Lǒng | Lanchow | Шаблон:Lang | Lánzhōu | |
| Kiangsi | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāngxī | Шаблон:Lang | Gàn | Nanchang | Шаблон:Lang | Nánchāng | |
| Kiangsu | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāngsū | Шаблон:Lang | Sū | Nanking | Шаблон:Lang | Nánjīng | 1912 area around Nanking (Nanjing) shortly split to a prefecture |
| Kirin | Шаблон:Lang | Jílín | Шаблон:Lang | Jí | Kirin | Шаблон:Lang | Jílín | |
| Kwangsi | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngxī | Шаблон:Lang | Guì | Kweilin | Шаблон:Lang | Guìlín | |
| Kwangtung | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngdōng | Шаблон:Lang | Yuè | Canton | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngzhōu | |
| Kweichow | Шаблон:Lang | Guìzhōu | Шаблон:Lang | Qián | Kweiyang | Шаблон:Lang | Guìyáng | |
| Shansi | Шаблон:Lang | Shānxī | Шаблон:Lang | Jìn | Taiyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Tàiyuán | |
| Shantung | Шаблон:Lang | Shāndōng | Шаблон:Lang | Lǔ | Tsinan | Шаблон:Lang | Jǐnán | |
| Shensi | Шаблон:Lang | Shǎnxī | Шаблон:Lang | Shǎn | Sian | Шаблон:Lang | Xī'ān | |
| Sinkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīnjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Xīn | Tihwa | Шаблон:Lang | Díhuà | Tihwa was renamed Ürümqi (烏魯木齊) after 1949 |
| Szechwan | Шаблон:Lang | Sìchuān | Шаблон:Lang | Shǔ | Chengtu | Шаблон:Lang | Chéngdū | |
| Yunnan | Шаблон:Lang | Yúnnán | Шаблон:Lang | Diān | Kunming | Шаблон:Lang | Kūnmíng | |
| Areas (Шаблон:Lang Dìfāng) | ||||||||
| Capital | Шаблон:Lang | Jīngzhào | Шаблон:Lang | Jīng | About the place of modern Municipality of Beijing | |||
| Inner Mongolia | Шаблон:Lang | Nèiménggǔ | Шаблон:Lang | Nèiméng | Inner Mongolia was divided into several Mongolian leagues and banners. There was no obvious capital. Split into Chahar, Rehe, Suiyuan in 1913–14. | |||
| Outer Mongolia | Шаблон:Lang | Wàiménggǔ | Шаблон:Lang | Wàiméng | Khuree | Шаблон:Lang | Kùlún | Khuree was renamed Ulaan Bator after the independence of Mongolia |
| Tibet | Шаблон:Lang | Xīzàng | Шаблон:Lang | Zàng | Lhasa | Шаблон:Lang | Lāsà | |
| Tsinghai | Шаблон:Lang | Qīnghǎi | Шаблон:Lang | Qīng | Sining | Шаблон:Lang | Xïníng | |
| Regions (Шаблон:Lang Qūyù) | ||||||||
| Altay | Шаблон:Lang | Ā'ěrtài | Шаблон:Lang | Āěrtài | Altay | Шаблон:Lang | Chénghuàsì | 1920 abolished → Sinkiang The Chinese name of the capital 承化寺 was changed to Ālètài (阿勒泰) after 1949. |
| Hulunbuir | Шаблон:Lang | Hūlúnbèi'ěr | Шаблон:Lang | Hūlúnbèi'ěr | Hailar | Шаблон:Lang | Hǎilā'ěr | 1915 created, 1920 abolished → Heilungkiang |
| Tarbaghatay | Шаблон:Lang | Tǎ'ěrbāhātái | Шаблон:Lang | Tǎchéng | Tacheng | Шаблон:Lang | Tǎchéng | 1912 created, 1916 abolished → Sinkiang |
| Prefectures (Шаблон:Lang Fǔ) | ||||||||
| Nanking | Шаблон:Lang | Nánjīng | Шаблон:Lang | Níng | January 1912 created, February 1912 abolished → Kiangsu | |||
| Shuntien | Шаблон:Lang | Shùntiān | Шаблон:Lang | Jīng | May 1914 created from Chihli, renamed Capital Area in October | |||
| Special Administrative Regions (Шаблон:Lang Tèbiéqū) | ||||||||
| Chahar | Шаблон:Lang | Cháhāěr | Шаблон:Lang | Chá | Changyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Zhāngyuán | 1914 created from Inner Mongolia Changyuan was renamed Zhangjiakou (張家口) after 1949. |
| Шаблон:Ill | Шаблон:Lang | Chuānbiān | Шаблон:Lang | Chuānbiān | Kangting | Шаблон:Lang | Kāngdìng | 1925 renamed to Sikang |
| Jehol | Шаблон:Lang | Rèhé | Шаблон:Lang | Rè | Chengteh | Шаблон:Lang | Chéngdé | 1914 created from Inner Mongolia |
| Sikang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīkāng | Шаблон:Lang | Kāng | Kangting | Шаблон:Lang | Kāngdìng | 1925 renamed from Chwanpien |
| Suiyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Suīyuǎn | Шаблон:Lang | Suī | Kweisui | Шаблон:Lang | Guīsuī | 1913 created from Inner Mongolia Kweisui was renamed Hohhot (呼和浩特) after 1949 |
| Tungsheng | Шаблон:Lang | Dōngshěng | Шаблон:Lang | Dōngshěng | Harbin | Шаблон:Lang | Hā'ěrbīn | Land along the Chinese Eastern Railway, spanned from Manzhouli through Harbin to Suifenhe. |
| Commercial Region (Шаблон:Lang Shāngbù) | ||||||||
| Kiao-ao | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāo'ào | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāo | Tsingtao | Шаблон:Lang | Qīngdǎo | Formerly Japanese and German concession. 1925 abolished → Shantung |
| Sunghu | Шаблон:Lang | Sōnghù | Шаблон:Lang | Hù | Shanghai | Шаблон:Lang | Shànghǎi | Status in dispute. Division established by the Zhili clique leader Sun Chuanfang, was not recognized by the central government. |
Nationalist Government (1928–49)
The Nationalist government established municipalities (cities directly administered by the central government) and added sub-county levels (like townships.) Circuits were abolished in 1928 as being superfluous. The reforms were impracticable; the average province had more than 50 counties with some with more than a hundred. Some provinces were later subdivided into prefectures.
- Provinces (省, shěng)
- Administrative superintendent district (行政督察區, xíngzhèng dūcháqū)
- Counties (縣, xiàn)
Four northeast provinces (Fengtian, Heilongjiang, Rehel, Jilin) were lost to Manchukuo, a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, in the 1930s. Counties in multiple provinces were lost to the Chinese Soviet Republic in 1931, with most being recovered in 1934 before the Long March.
Following the end of the Second World War in 1945, Manchuria was reincorporated as 9 provinces and 3 municipalities, and Taiwan Province was created by annexing the island of Taiwan and the Penghu islands. By this time there was a total of thirty-five provinces, twelve municipalities (院轄市, yuànxiáshì), one special administrative region (特別行政區, tèbié xíngzhèngqǖ), and two regions (地方, difāng) as first-level divisions.
China recognized the Mongolian People's Republic following the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, formally relinquishing claims on the province of Outer Mongolia.
| Division name | Abbreviation | Capital name | Note | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postal | Chinese | Pinyin | Chinese | Pinyin | Postal | Chinese | Pinyin | |
| Provinces (Шаблон:Lang Shěng) | ||||||||
| Antung | Шаблон:Lang | Āndōng | Шаблон:Lang | Ān | Tunghwa | Шаблон:Lang | Tōnghuà | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Liaoning) |
| Anhwei | Шаблон:Lang | Ānhuī | Шаблон:Lang | Wǎn | Hofei | Шаблон:Lang | Héféi | |
| Chahar | Шаблон:Lang | Cháhāěr | Шаблон:Lang | Chá | Kalgan | Шаблон:Lang | Zhāngyuán | 1928 reformed from a special administrative region Kalgan was renamed Zhangjiakou (張家口) after 1949. |
| Chekiang | Шаблон:Lang | Zhèjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Zhè | Hangchow | Шаблон:Lang | Hángzhōu | |
| Fukien | Шаблон:Lang | Fújiàn | Шаблон:Lang | Mǐn | Foochow | Шаблон:Lang | Fúzhōu | |
| Heilungkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Hēilóngjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Hēi | Peian | Шаблон:Lang | Běi'ān | 1945 recreated from Manchukuo |
| Hokiang | Шаблон:Lang | Héjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Hé | Chiamussu | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāmùsī | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Kirin) |
| Honan | Шаблон:Lang | Hénán | Шаблон:Lang | Yù | Kaifeng | Шаблон:Lang | Kāifēng | |
| Hopeh | Шаблон:Lang | Héběi | Шаблон:Lang | Jì | Tsingyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Qīngyuàn | 1928 renamed from Chihli Tsingyuan was renamed to Baoding (保定) after 1949 |
| Hunan | Шаблон:Lang | Húnán | Шаблон:Lang | Xiāng | Changsha | Шаблон:Lang | Chángshā | |
| Hupeh | Шаблон:Lang | Húběi | Шаблон:Lang | È | Wuchang | Шаблон:Lang | Wǔchāng | |
| Hsingan | Шаблон:Lang | Xīng'ān | Шаблон:Lang | Xīng | Hailar | Шаблон:Lang | Hǎilā'ěr | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Heilungkiang) Hailar was renamed to Hulunbuir (呼倫貝爾) after 1949 |
| Jehol | Шаблон:Lang | Rèhé | Шаблон:Lang | Rè | Chengteh | Шаблон:Lang | Chéngdé | 1928 reformed from a special administrative region, 1945 recreated from Manchukuo |
| Kansu | Шаблон:Lang | Gānsù | Шаблон:Lang | Lǒng | Lanchow | Шаблон:Lang | Lánzhōu | |
| Kiangsi | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāngxī | Шаблон:Lang | Gàn | Nanchang | Шаблон:Lang | Nánchāng | |
| Kiangsu | Шаблон:Lang | Jiāngsū | Шаблон:Lang | Sū | Chinkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Zhènjiāng | |
| Kirin | Шаблон:Lang | Jílín | Шаблон:Lang | Jí | Kirin | Шаблон:Lang | Jílín | 1945 recreated from Manchukuo |
| Kwangsi | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngxī | Шаблон:Lang | Guì | Kweilin | Шаблон:Lang | Guìlín | |
| Kwangtung | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngdōng | Шаблон:Lang | Yuè | Canton | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngzhōu | |
| Kweichow | Шаблон:Lang | Guìzhōu | Шаблон:Lang | Qián | Kweiyang | Шаблон:Lang | Guìyáng | |
| Liaoning | Шаблон:Lang | Liáoníng | Шаблон:Lang | Liáo | Mukden | Шаблон:Lang | Shěnyáng | 1929 renamed from Fengtien, 1945 recreated from Manchukuo |
| Liaopeh | Шаблон:Lang | Liáoběi | Шаблон:Lang | Táo | Liaoyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Liáoyuán | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Liaoning) |
| Ningsia | Шаблон:Lang | Níngxià | Шаблон:Lang | Níng | Yinchwan | Шаблон:Lang | Yínchuān | 1928 created from Kansu |
| Nunkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Nènjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Nèn | Tsitsihar | Шаблон:Lang | Qíqíhā'ěr | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Heilungkiang) |
| Shansi | Шаблон:Lang | Shānxī | Шаблон:Lang | Jìn | Taiyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Tàiyuán | |
| Shantung | Шаблон:Lang | Shāndōng | Шаблон:Lang | Lǔ | Tsinan | Шаблон:Lang | Jǐnán | |
| Shensi | Шаблон:Lang | Shǎnxī | Шаблон:Lang | Shǎn | Sian | Шаблон:Lang | Xī'ān | |
| Sikang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīkāng | Шаблон:Lang | Kāng | Kangting | Шаблон:Lang | Kāngdìng | 1928 reformed from a special administrative region |
| Sinkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Xīnjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Xīn | Tihwa | Шаблон:Lang | Díhuà | Tihwa was renamed Ürümqi (烏魯木齊) after 1949 |
| Suiyuan | Шаблон:Lang | Suīyuǎn | Шаблон:Lang | Suī | Kweisui | Шаблон:Lang | Guīsuī | 1928 reformed from a special administrative region Kweisui was renamed Hohhot (呼和浩特) after 1949 |
| Sungkiang | Шаблон:Lang | Sōngjiāng | Шаблон:Lang | Sōng | Mutankiang | Шаблон:Lang | Mǔdānjiāng | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Kirin) |
| Szechwan | Шаблон:Lang | Sìchuān | Шаблон:Lang | Shǔ | Chengtu | Шаблон:Lang | Chéngdū | |
| Taiwan | Шаблон:Lang | Táiwān | Шаблон:Lang | Tái | Taipei | Шаблон:Lang | Táiběi | 1945 annexed from Japan Consists of Taiwan and Penghu islands |
| Tsinghai | Шаблон:Lang | Qīnghǎi | Шаблон:Lang | Qīng | Sining | Шаблон:Lang | Xīníng | 1928 reformed from an area |
| Yunnan | Шаблон:Lang | Yúnnán | Шаблон:Lang | Diān | Kunming | Шаблон:Lang | Kūnmíng | |
| Special Administrative Regions (Шаблон:Lang Tèbiéxíngzhèngqū) | ||||||||
| Hainan | Шаблон:Lang | Hǎinán | Шаблон:Lang | Qióng | Haikow | Шаблон:Lang | Hǎikǒu | 1931 Kiung-ai (瓊崖) was planned to create, 1949 created from Kwangtung |
| Tungsheng | Шаблон:Lang | Dōngshěng | Шаблон:Lang | Dōngshěng | Harbin | Шаблон:Lang | Hā'ěrbīn | 1932 abolished by Manchukuo |
| Weihai | Шаблон:Lang | Wēihāi | Шаблон:Lang | Wēihāi | Weihai | Шаблон:Lang | Wēihāi | 1930 acquired from the United Kingdom, 1945 abolished → Shantung |
| Areas (Шаблон:Lang Dìfāng) | ||||||||
| Mongolia | Шаблон:Lang | Ménggǔ | Шаблон:Lang | Méng | Khuree | Шаблон:Lang | Kùlún | Khuree was renamed Ulaan Bator after the independence of Mongolia |
| Tibet | Шаблон:Lang | Xīzàng | Шаблон:Lang | Zàng | Lhasa | Шаблон:Lang | Lāsà | |
| Special municipalities (Шаблон:Lang Zhíxiáshì) | ||||||||
| Canton | Шаблон:Lang | Guǎngzhōu | Шаблон:Lang | Suì | Jan 1930 created from Kwangtung, Jun merged back. 1947 recreated | |||
| Chungking | Шаблон:Lang | Chóngqìng | Шаблон:Lang | Yú | 1927 created from Szechwan | |||
| Dairen | Шаблон:Lang | Dàlián | Шаблон:Lang | Lián | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Liaoning) | |||
| Hankow | Шаблон:Lang | Hànkǒu | Шаблон:Lang | Hàn | 1927 created Wuhan from Hupeh, 1929 renamed to Hankow, 1931 merged back, 1947 recreated | |||
| Harbin | Шаблон:Lang | Hā'ěrbīn | Шаблон:Lang | Hā | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Heilungkiang) | |||
| Mukden | Шаблон:Lang | Shěnyáng | Шаблон:Lang | Shěn | 1947 created from Manchukuo (originally part of Liaoning) | |||
| Nanking | Шаблон:Lang | Nánjīng | Шаблон:Lang | Jīng | 1927 created from Kiangsu | |||
| Peiping | Шаблон:Lang | Běipíng | Шаблон:Lang | Píng | 1928 created from Hopeh, Jun 1930 merged back, Dec 1930 recreated. 1949 renamed back to Peking (北京) | |||
| Shanghai | Шаблон:Lang | Shànghǎi | Шаблон:Lang | Hù | 1927 reform Sunghu commercial region to a municipality, created from Kiangsu | |||
| Sian | Шаблон:Lang | Xī'ān | Шаблон:Lang | Ān | 1933 planned to create Siking (西京), 1947 created from Shensi | |||
| Tientsin | Шаблон:Lang | Tiānjīn | Шаблон:Lang | Jīn | 1928 created from Hopeh, 1930 merged back. 1935 recreated | |||
| Tsingtao | Шаблон:Lang | Qīngdǎo | Шаблон:Lang | Qīng | 1929 created from Shantung. | |||
Administrative divisions published after 1949
After its loss of the mainland to the Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan in 1949, the Nationalist Party continued to regard the Republic of China as the internationally recognized sole legitimate government of China. The jurisdiction of the Republic was restricted to Taiwan, the Penghu, and a few islands off Fujian, but the Republic of China has never retracted its claim to mainland China. Moreover, the Kuomintang government in Taiwan unilaterally overturned its recognition of Mongolia in 1953. Accordingly, the official first-order divisions of Republic of China remain the historical divisions of China immediately prior to the loss of mainland China and maps of China and the world published in Taiwan sometimes show provincial and national boundaries as they were in 1949, ignoring changes made by the Communist government and including Mongolia, Jiangxinpo (northern Burma/Kachin State), and Tannu Uriankhai as part of the Republic. Maps and list of administrative divisions covering above places are currently published.
As of the ROC government suspends publication of relevant administrative codes in 2006,[1] the nominal political divisions of the Republic were 35 provinces, 1 special administrative region, 2 regions, 18 special municipalities (adding Taipei and Kaohsiung to the original list with four added in 2010 and 2014), 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. For second-order divisions, under provinces and special administrative regions, there are counties (2,035), province-controlled cities (56), bureaus (34) and management bureaus (7). Under provincial-level municipalities there are districts, and under leagues there are banners (127).
- Provinces (省, shěng) and Special municipalities (直轄市, zhíxiáshì)
- Counties (縣, xiàn) and Cities (市, shì)
| Changes made to Province-level divisions of the Republic of China between 1949 and 2019 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Traditional Chinese |
Pinyin | Abbreviation | Capital | Capital in Chinese | Notes | |||||
| Provinces | |||||||||||
| Fukien | 福建 | Fújiàn | 閩 mǐn | Jincheng Township | 金城鎮 | The capital of Fujian Province was moved to Xindian in 1956, and moved to Jincheng Township, Kinmen since 1996. The Fujian Provincial Government was de facto abolished in 2019. | |||||
| Taiwan | 臺灣 | Táiwān | 臺 tái | Zhongxing New Village | 中興新村 | The capital of Taiwan Province was moved to Zhongxing New Village in Nantou County from Taipei in the 1960s. The government was de facto dissolved in 2018. | |||||
| Kiangsu | 江蘇 | Jiāngsū | 蘇 sū | Shengsi County | 嵊泗縣 | The government of Kiangsu Province was moved to Shengsi County in 1949. In 1950 the county was conquered by the PLA and the Kiangsu Provincial Government was abolished soon after. | |||||
| Chekiang | 浙江 | Zhèjiāng | 浙 zhè | Taiwan Province | 臺灣省 | The government of Chekiang Province in Ganlan Township of Dinghai County was abolished in 1950. In 1951, the provincial government was re-established on the Tachen Islands of Wenling County, later to be moved to Taiwan Province in 1953. After the loss of the Yijiangshan Islands during the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands in 1955, the provincial government was abolished. | |||||
| Szechwan | 四川 | Sìchuān | 蜀 shǔ | Xichang County | 西昌縣 | After the loss of its capital of Chengdu in December 1949, the Provincial Government was moved to Xichang County of Xikang Province and remained there until its abolishment in 1950. | |||||
| Sikang | 西康 | Xīkāng | 康 kāng | Xichang County | 西昌縣 | The government of Xikang Province was re-established in Xichang County in Dec. 1949. In 1950, Xichang was taken over by the PLA. | |||||
| Kwangtung | 廣東 | Guǎngdōng | 粵 yuè | Haikou City | 海口市 | The government of Kwangtung Province was moved to Haikou City of Hainan in 1949 after the loss of its capital Guangdong. After the loss of Hainan in 1950, the government was subsequently abolished. | |||||
| Yunnan | 雲南 | Yúnnán | 滇 diān | Kunming | 昆明 | Шаблон:Citation needed span | |||||
| Sinkiang | 新疆 | Xīnjiāng | 新 xīn | Dihua City | 迪化市 | Provincial Government of Sinkiang was abolished in 1992. | |||||
| Special Administrative Regions | |||||||||||
| Hainan | 海南 | Hǎinán | 瓊 qióng | Haikow City | 海口市 | Government abolished in 1950. | |||||
| Special Municipalities | The Chinese name 院轄市 Yuànxiáshì was changed to 直轄市 Zhíxiáshì in 1994. | ||||||||||
| Kaohsiung | 高雄 | Gāoxióng | 高 gāo | Lingya District | 苓雅區 | Kaohsiung was elevated in 1979. | |||||
| New Taipei | 新北 | Xīnběi | 新 xīn | Banqiao District | 板橋區 | New Taipei was elevated in 2010. | |||||
| Taichung | 臺中 | Táizhōng | 中 zhōng | Xitun District | 西屯區 | Taichung was elevated in 2010. | |||||
| Tainan | 臺南 | Táinán | 南 nán | Anping District | 安平區 | Tainan was elevated in 2010. | |||||
| Taipei | 臺北 | Táiběi | 北 běi | Xinyi District | 信義區 | Taipei was elevated in 1967. | |||||
| Taoyuan | 桃園 | Táoyuán | 桃 táo | Taoyuan District | 桃園區 | Taoyuan was elevated in 2014. | |||||
Although the administration of pro-independence President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008) did not actively claim sovereignty over all of China, Шаблон:Citation needed span Thus, the claimed area of the ROC continues to include mainland China, several off-shore islands, and Taiwan. However, in 2002, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) administration have officially renounced claims to Mongolia.[2]
Beginning in 2006, the ROC Yearbook, under Chen's administration, ceased displaying official administrative divisions in Mainland China.[1] It recognized two provinces (Taiwan and Fujian) and two special municipalities (Taipei and Kaohsiung). President Ma Ying-jeou reasserted the ROC's claim to be the sole legitimate government of China and the claim that mainland China is part of ROC's territory.[3] He does not, however, actively seek reunification, and prefers to maintain an ambiguous status quo in order to improve relations with the PRC.[4] On May 21, 2012, the Mainland Affairs Council released a press announcement that said that Outer Mongolia is not a part of Republic of China.[5] As of 2014, the ROC maps showing the pre-1949 borders are published.
In 2016, the pre-1949 map of the ROC was installed in the Legislative Yuan which drew the ire of the lawmakers who called for the removal or replacement of a map in the Legislative Yuan which shows Nanjing as the ROC capital, and portrays Mongolia as part of its territory despite its recognition in 2012. Kuomintang legislator William Tseng said that the map is accurate, until the Constitution and laws are amended to change the nation’s official territory while DPP lawmaker Chen Ting-fei stated “With the way it portrays the ROC territory, that map is like one from a parallel universe — it is out of step with current thinking.” [6]
After the streamlining of Fujian and Taiwan provincial governments in 1956 and 1998, the Tsai Ing-wen administration de facto abolished the Taiwan Provincial Government on 1 July 2018 and the Fujian Provincial Government on 1 January 2019. With the first-level provinces retained under its constitutional structure, the Executive Yuan now administers the second-level 13 counties and 3 provincial cities (autonomous municipalities) in its place along with the 6 special municipalities.[7][8]
See also
- Administrative divisions of the Republic of China
- Physiographic macroregions of China
- Republic of China (1912–1949)
References
External links
- Summary of terms Шаблон:Webarchive
- The province in history by John Fitzgerald
