Английская Википедия:Agreement on Government Procurement
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Treaty The Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is a plurilateral agreement under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which regulates the procurement of goods and services by the public authorities of the parties to the agreement, based on the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination.
The agreement was originally established in 1979 as the Tokyo Round Code on Government Procurement,[1] which entered into force in 1981 under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.[2] It was then renegotiated in parallel with the Uruguay Round in 1994, and this version entered into force on 1 January 1996.
The text adopted in 1996 anticipated that there would be subsequent improvements. An understanding on the expected revisions was reached in December 2006,[3] and the agreement was subsequently revised on 30 March 2012. The revised GPA came into effect on 6 July 2014 and has applied since 1 January 2021 to all members.[2]
The agreement was subsequently revised on 30 March 2012. The revised GPA came into effect on 6 July 2014 and has applied since 1 January 2021 to all members.[2]
Parties
The following WTO Members are parties to the amended 1994 agreement:[4]
| Parties | Accession date |
|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flagd The European Union with respect toШаблон:Refn Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flagd The Netherlands with respect to Aruba | 25 October 1996 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1 January 1997 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 19 June 1997 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 18 September 1997 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 20 October 1997 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 28 April 2001 |
| Шаблон:Flagd The European Union with respect to Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia | 1 May 2004 |
| Шаблон:Flagd The European Union with respect to Bulgaria and Romania | 1 January 2007 |
| Шаблон:Flagd Chinese TaipeiШаблон:Refn | 15 July 2009 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 15 September 2011 |
| Шаблон:Flagd The European Union with respect to Croatia | 1 July 2013 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 15 July 2015 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 12 August 2015 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 18 May 2016 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 14 June 2016 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 5 May 2019 |
| Шаблон:FlagШаблон:Refn | 1 January 2021 |
| Шаблон:Flag | 30 October 2023 [5] |
Notes Шаблон:Reflist
Observer status
The following WTO Members have obtained observer status with respect to the GPA, with those marked with an asterisk (*) negotiating accession: Afghanistan, Albania*, Argentina, Bahrain, Belarus, Brazil*, Cameroon, Chile, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica*,[6] Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Jordan*, Kazakhstan*, Kyrgyz Republic*, Malaysia, Mongolia, Oman*, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan*, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam.[4]
Coverage
Procuring entities bound by the Agreement vary by member state. Each member state has its own Appendix 1 which forms an integral part of the Agreement detailing how the agreement applies to their national procurement activities. Each Appendix 1 has seven annexes:
- Annex 1: central government entities covered by the Agreement
- Annex 2: sub-central government entities covered by the Agreement
- Annex 3: other entities covered by the Agreement
- Annex 4: scope: goods
- Annex 5: scope: services
- Annex 6: scope: construction services
- Annex 7: general notes.[7]
Review Body on Bid Challenges
The Review Body on Bid Challenges is a body set up in 1998 by party states in order to allow suppliers to challenge irregular government tenders.[8] The Review Body is independent and endeavors to process each case in an expeditious manner. The Review Body is also empowered to recommend Rapid Interim Measures (RIMs), which can be recommended within days where a Review Body finds a prima facie case for a bid challenge.[8]
UK membership after Brexit
The UK applied the agreement as part of its EU membership from 1 January 1996. After the UK left the EU on 1 February 2020, the agreement remained in force during the transition period until 1 January 2021. Discussions about continued UK membership were initiated on 27 June 2018,[9] and in October 2020, the UK was invited to become a party in its own right at the end of the transition phase.[10]
References
External links
- WTO, Site covering the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
- integrated Government Procurement Market Access Information Portal (e-GPA), a single point of access to market access information, provided by the WTO
- GATT, Text of the 1979 Agreement
- GATT, Revised agreement, 1988
- WTO, Text of the 1994 Agreement
- WTO, Text of the Agreement as amended on 30 March 2012
Шаблон:World Trade Organization
- ↑ Agreement on Government Procurement, 12 April 1979, accessed 1 July 2019
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 World Trade Organization, Agreement on Government Procurement, accessed 1 July 2019
- ↑ World Treade Organization, The re-negotiation of the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), accessed 23 December 2023
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ WTO, North Macedonia ratifies revised government procurement pact, published 30 September 2023, accessed 5 October 2023
- ↑ World Trade Organization, Costa Rica submits application to join government procurement pact, published 28 September 2023, accessed 21 December 2023
- ↑ WTO, Agreement on Government Procurement: Coverage Schedules, accessed 17 December 2023
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ WTO, Australia’s accession negotiations for government procurement pact reach milestone – Chair, accessed 24 September 2022
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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