Английская Википедия:Agroecomyrmecinae

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Версия от 23:34, 1 января 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|Subfamily of ants}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Lutetian|Recent}} | image = Tatuidris tatusia casent0178882 profile 1.jpg | image_caption = ''Tatuidris tatusia'' | taxon = Agroecomyrmecinae | authority = Carpenter, 1930 | subdivision_ranks = Tribes and genera | subdivision = See text | type_genus = †''[...»)
(разн.) ← Предыдущая версия | Текущая версия (разн.) | Следующая версия → (разн.)
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Automatic taxobox

Agroecomyrmecinae is a subfamily of ants containing two extant and two fossil genera.[1] The subfamily was originally classified in 1930 by Carpenter as Agroecomyrmecini, a Myrmicinae tribe.[2] Bolton raised the tribe to subfamily status in 2003, suggesting that Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. It has since been discovered to be one of the earliest lineages of ants, a clade from the basal polytomy for all ants.[3][4] In 2014, the subfamily was expanded to two tribes. The tribe Ankylomyrmini was moved from the subfamily Myrmicinae to Agroemyrmecinae.[5]

Tribes and genera

Taxonomy

Since the original description, the systematic status of the Agroecomyrmecini tribe has been the focus of intense debate. Bolton (2003) was the first to suggest the taxonomic instability of Tatuidris within Myrmicinae and raised the genus to the level of a new subfamily, the Agroecomyrmecinae, suggesting the Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. This assessment was based on these diagnostic characters:[7][8]

Шаблон:Div col

  1. large mandibles with mandibular masticatory margins that oppose at full closure but do not overlap
  2. eyes at extreme posterior apex of deep antennal scrobes
  3. clypeus very broadly triangular, broadly inserted between the frontal lobes
  4. antennal sockets and frontal lobes strongly migrated laterally, far apart and close to lateral margins of the head
  5. mesotibia and metatibia with pectinate spurs
  6. short and compact mesosoma
  7. a sessile petiole, in posterior view the tergite and sternite not equally convex
  8. an abdominal segment III (postpetiole) without tergosternal fusion, segment large and very broadly articulated to segment IV,
  9. a helcium in frontal view with the sternite bulging ventrally and overlapped by the tergite
  10. an abdominal segment IV with a complete tergosternal fusion,[note 1]
  11. abdominal segment IV with a stridulitrum on the pretergite
  12. the sternite of abdominal segment IV is reduced, the tergite is much larger than the sternite and strongly vaulted

Шаблон:Div col end

The subfamily rank of the armadillo ants was reassessed by Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2007) in their last systematic assessment of the dacetines. They analyzed a morphological dataset that included former dacetines, basicerotines, phalacromyrmecines, and Tatuidris, as well as other non-Myrmicinae taxa such as the Australian genus Myrmecia and the Neotropical genus Pseudomyrmex. This work was the first attempt to include Tatuidris as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2007) identified six morphological synapomorphies shared between Tatuidris and the dacetines, justifying the inclusion of the genus within Myrmicinae. These characters included:[9][10]

Шаблон:Div col

  1. mandibles at rest opposing at least in part, instead of crossing
  2. a mandibular-torular index < 130
  3. reduction of maxillary palps from double-jointed to single-jointed
  4. reduced male mandibles
  5. presence of a two-segmented antennal club
  6. reduced number of antennal joints

Шаблон:Div col end

In addition, two autapomorphies (a differently shaped petiolar tergum and sternum, and the eyes at or close to the apex of the antennal scrobe) separated Tatuidris from all other extant ant genera included in their study.[9][11]

Unlike phylogenetic studies based on morphological traits, molecular analyses of the internal phylogeny of the ants have given strong evidence that the armadillo ants are neither closely related to nor nested within the Myrmicinae. Brady et al. (2006), Moreau et al. (2006) and Rabeling et al. (2008) reconstructed phylogenetic trees with the agroecomyrmecines inside the 'poneroid' group of subfamilies, close to the Paraponerinae, and gave support for the exclusion of the genus from the Myrmicinae, a subfamily located inside the 'formicoid' clade.[12] Given the early appearance of the Agroecomyrmecinae in the geologic record, the similarities of armadillo ants to Myrmicinae were hypothesized to represent convergence and/or retention of plesiomorphic forms.[13][14]

Recently, Keller (2011) challenged the phylogenetic relationships of the poneromorph subfamilies (including Tatuidris).[14][15]

Distribution

According to Brown & Kempf (1967), agroecomyrmecines were probably widespread in both hemispheres during the early Tertiary.[16] Agroecomyrmex is known from Early Eocene, Lutetian, Baltic amber dating to 44 million years (Myr) ago, and Eulithomyrmex from late Eocene, Priabonian, Florissant shale (34.1 Myr ago) in present-day Colorado, United States.

Tatuidris, rare but broadly distributed,[14] inhabits the leaf litter of Neotropical forests in Central and South America, from Mexico to French Guiana,[17] central Brazil,[18] and Amazonian Peru.[6] Ankylomyrma is known only from Western Africa.[19]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Formicidae subfamilies Шаблон:Taxonbar

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок AWAgroecomyrmecinae не указан текст
  2. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Carpenter не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Ward2007 не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок AWTatuidris не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Ward_et_al_2014 не указан текст
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Donoso_2012_61 не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Bolton_2003_51 не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Donoso_2012_61-62 не указан текст
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Donoso_2012_62 не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Urbani&Andrade_2007_78 не указан текст
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Urbani&Andrade_2007_80-81 не указан текст
  12. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Ward_2007_555-557 не указан текст
  13. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Ward_2011_23 не указан текст
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Donoso_2012_63 не указан текст
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Keller_2011_73 не указан текст
  16. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Brown&Kempf_1967_186 не указан текст
  17. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок LacauEtal_2012_4 не указан текст
  18. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Vasconcelos&Vilhena_2002_278 не указан текст
  19. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Bolton_1981 не указан текст


Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «note» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="note"/>

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Agroecomyrmecinae&oldid=12979863