Английская Википедия:Alexander Stirling Calder

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox artist

Alexander Stirling Calder (January 11, 1870 – January 7, 1945) was an American sculptor and teacher. He was the son of sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and the father of sculptor Alexander (Sandy) Calder. His best-known works are George Washington as President on the Washington Square Arch in New York City, the Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia, and the Leif Eriksson Memorial in Reykjavík, Iceland.

Education

A. Stirling Calder was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and Margaret Stirling. He attended city public schools, and enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Fall 1885, at age 15. He studied under Thomas Eakins for several months, until the teacher's forced resignation in February 1886. Calder remained at PAFA, studying under Thomas Anshutz and James P. Kelly. Two of his sculptures were accepted for PAFA's 1887 annual exhibition, a rare honor for a student.[1]Шаблон:Rp

His father designed and was then in the midst of executing, the extensive sculpture program for Philadelphia City Hall. Calder worked as an apprentice on the project during the summers, and is reported to have modeled an arm for one of the figures. He made his first trip to Europe in Summer 1889, and returned there to study the following year.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Calder moved to Paris in Fall 1890, where he studied at the Académie Julian under Henri Michel Chapu. The following year, he was accepted at the École des Beaux-Arts, where he entered the atelier of Alexandre Falguière.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Career

Файл:Swann Memorial Fountain-night.jpg
Swann Memorial Fountain (1920–1924), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

In 1892, he returned to Philadelphia and began his career as a sculptor in earnest. His first major commission, won in a national competition, was for a larger-than-life-size statue of Dr. Samuel Gross (1895–97) for the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Calder replicated the pose of Dr. Gross from Eakins's 1875 painting The Gross Clinic. Another early commission was for a set of twelve larger-than-life-size statues of Presbyterian clergymen for the facade of the Witherspoon Building (1898–99) in Philadelphia.[1]Шаблон:Rp

In 1906, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1913.

In Pasadena, he modeled architectural sculpture for the Throop Polytechnic Institute (now the California Institute of Technology). He returned to the east coast in 1910.[1]Шаблон:Rp

In 1912, he was named acting-chief (under Karl Bitter) of the sculpture program for the Panama-Pacific Exposition, a World's Fair to open in San Francisco, California, in February 1915. He obtained a studio in NYC and there employed the services of model Audrey Munson who posed for him – Star Maiden (1913–1915) – and a host of other artists. For the exposition, Calder completed three massive sculpture groups, The Nations of the East and The Nations of the West, which crowned triumphal arches, and a fountain group, The Fountain of Energy. Following Bitter's sudden death in April 1915, Calder completed the Depew Memorial Fountain (1915–1919) in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Файл:Leifur heppni (603381304).jpg
Leif Eriksson Memorial (1929–1932), Reykjavík, Iceland

Hermon Atkins MacNeil and Calder were commissioned to create larger-than-life-size sculptures for the Washington Square Arch in New York City. George Washington as Commander-in-Chief, Accompanied by Fame and Valor (1914–1916) was sculpted by MacNeil; and George Washington as President, Accompanied by Wisdom and Justice (1917–18) by Calder. These are sometimes referred to as Washington at War and Washington at Peace.[2]

He sculpted a number of ornamental works for "Vizcaya", the James Deering estate outside Miami, Florida. These included the famous Italian Barge (1917–1919), a stone folly in the shape of a boat, projecting into Biscayne Bay.

Two of his major commissions of the 1920s were the Swann Memorial Fountain (1920–1924) in Logan Circle, and the architectural sculpture program for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (completed 1931), both in Philadelphia.

He was one of a dozen sculptors invited to compete in Oklahoma's Pioneer Woman statue competition in 1926–27,[3] which was won by Bryant Baker. In 1927, he was also commissioned by the Berkshire Museum to sculpt the woodwork and fountain of the Museum's Ellen Crane Memorial Room in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

In 1929, he won the national competition for a monumental statue of Leif Eriksson, to be the gift of the United States to Iceland in commemoration of the 1000th anniversary of the Icelandic Parliament. Standing before the Hallgrímskirkja, the Lutheran cathedral in Reykjavík, and facing west toward the Atlantic Ocean and Greenland, the Leif Eriksson Memorial (1929–1932) has become as iconic for Icelanders as the Statue of Liberty is for Americans.

Teacher

Throughout his career, Calder frequently worked as a teacher. He was instructor in modeling at the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art from 1899 to 1904.[4] He taught at the National Academy of Design's evening school, 1910–11, and alongside Hermon Atkins MacNeil at NAD, 1911–12. He taught modeling at the Art Students League of New York, 1918–22.[1]Шаблон:Rp He was never on PAFA's faculty, but may have occasionally lectured there, where his friend Charles Grafly was instructor in sculpture.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Personal

Calder married portrait painter Nanette Lederer on February 22, 1895, and they lived in Philadelphia for the first decade of their marriage. They had two children: Margaret Calder Hayes (1896–1988) and Alexander "Sandy" Calder III (1899–1976).[1]Шаблон:Rp Calder contracted tuberculosis in 1905, and he and his wife moved to Arizona for a year, leaving the children with friends (to protect them from the disease). Once he recovered his health, the family was reunited in 1906, and settled in Pasadena, California.[5] They moved back east in 1910, and settled in Croton-on-Hudson, New York.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Calder died in 1945. He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. His memoir, Thoughts of A. Stirling Calder on Art and Life (1947), was published posthumously.

Selected works

Шаблон:GeoGroupШаблон:-

Title Image Year Location/GPS Coordinates Material Height Notes
Dr. Samuel D. Gross Memorial[6] Файл:Statue of Samuel D. Gross.jpg 1895–1897 Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:Samuel D Gross LOC 00109v (cropped).jpg
Posthumous portrait of Dr. Gross, based on Thomas Eakins's 1875 painting.

From 1897 to 1970, the statue stood on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.:
Bust of Major General John F. Hartranft[7] Файл:Hartranft Smith Arch.JPG 1898 Smith Memorial Arch,
West Fairmount Park,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt Gen. Hartranft was a U.S. Medal of Honor recipient for the First Battle of Bull Run.
Class of 1892 Drinking Fountain[8]
(The Scholar and the Football Player) 		1900 Quadrangle Dormitories,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord, 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:University of Pennsylvania- its history, traditions, buildings and memorials- also a brief guide to Philadelphia (1918) (14578112798).jpg
Located under the arch at the top of the North Steps.
Overmantel frieze: The Boar Hunt Файл:Fireplace in Keil Hall - Mercersburg Academy (Chambersburg, PA.).jpg Шаблон:Circa1900 Keil Hall,
Mercersburg Academy,
Mercersburg, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		carved oak Modeled by Calder, carved by John J. Maene.[9]
Sewell Cross[10]
Major General William Joyce Sewell Monument 		Файл:Sewell Memorial, The World's Work, Sept 1910, p.13386.jpg 1901 Harleigh Cemetery,
Camden, New Jersey
Шаблон:Coord 		green granite Шаблон:Cvt Modeled by Calder, carved by Leland & Hall Company.

Gen. Sewell was a U.S. Medal of Honor recipient for the Battle of Chancellorsville.

Calder was awarded PAFA's 1905 Walter Lippincott Prize for the Sewell Cross.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Man Cub: "Sandy" Calder at Age 3 Файл:Man Cub MET 22.89.jpg 1901–02 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		plaster
(original lost) 		Шаблон:Cvt PAFA purchased Calder's plaster original in 1905, and used it to make a 1906 bronze cast.[11]
The plaster was either returned to Calder or lost (by 1941).[1]Шаблон:Rp
A 1922 bronze cast is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[12]
Sundial[13] Файл:Calder sundial Hort Center.JPG 1903–1905 Fairmount Park Horticultural Center,
West Fairmount Park,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		marble Шаблон:Cvt Located in the Sunken Gardens:
Файл:2008-Subaru-Cherry-Blossom-Festival-of-Greater-Philadelphia-1.jpg
Missouri: The Queen of Rivers[14] Файл:The World almanac and encyclopedia (1904) (14598348608).jpg 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition,
St. Louis, Missouri 		plaster Calder won a silver medal for his sculpture at the 1904 World's Fair.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Philippe Francois Renault[15] Файл:Calder Renault 1904 SAAM-J0050225.jpg plaster
Calder Cross[16]
William Hickman Harte Memorial Cross 		Файл:Sterling Calder Celtic Cross.JPG Шаблон:Circa1905 Chippiannock Cemetery,
Rock Island, Illinois
Шаблон:Coord 		granite Шаблон:Cvt Master William Hickman Harte was a Union naval officer who died in the June
17, 1862 Battle of Saint Charles, following the sinking of the USS Mound City.
Fifty years later, Harte's son located his Arkansas grave, and commissioned
this cenotaph for their home town cemetery.[17]
Henry Charles Lea Monument[18] Файл:Henry Charles Lea monument, Laurel Hill Cemetery.jpg 1911 Laurel Hill Cemetery,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze
Файл:HC Lea grave LH Philly.jpg
Henry Charles Lea was a noted historian.
The seated figure is Clio, the Muse of History:
Stretching Girl[19] Шаблон:Circa1911 National Academy of Design,
Manhattan, New York City 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt Calder's NAD diploma piece, presented following his election as an Academician
in 1913.[20] Robert Henri painted Calder's NAD diploma portrait.[20]

Another bronze cast is at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art
in Bentonville, Arkansas.[21]
An American Stoic: Portrait of Najinyankte[22][23] 1912 Rhode Island School of Design Museum,
Providence, Rhode Island 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt A standing Sioux man wrapped in a blanket.
Star Maiden[24] Файл:StarASC.jpg 1913–1915 Oakland Museum,
Oakland, California 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:The story of the exposition; being the official history of the international celebration held at San Francisco in 1915 to commemorate the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the construction of the (14579801637).jpg
The Star Maidens were balustrade figures surrounding the Court of the Universe:
Fountain of Energy (destroyed) Файл:Calder Fountain of Energy SAAM-J0050248.jpg

Файл:Perry Energy sculpturemuralso00panarich 0006.jpg

Файл:Fountain energy.jpg

Файл:Panama-Pacific International Exposition – Opening day.jpg 		1913–1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition,
San Francisco, California 		staff
Файл:Fountain of Energy Stirling Calder 1915.jpg
"Energy, the Lord of the Isthmian Way, rides grandly upon the earth. His
outstretched arms have severed the lands and let the waters pass. Upon
his mighty shoulders stand Fame and Glory, heralding the coming of a
conqueror. Energy, the Power of the Future, the Superman, approaches."[25]
Файл:Calder EasternHemisphere Todd vol.1 opp. p.194.jpg
The globe featured a large reclining female figure with the head of a lioness,
The Eastern Hemisphere, and a large reclining male figure with the head of
a bull, The Western Hemisphere:
4 sculpture groups were clustered around the globe:
The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean, The North Sea, The South Sea
Файл:Fountain energy atlantic.jpg Файл:PacificASC.jpg Файл:Fountain energy northsea.jpg Файл:Calder South Sea Fountain of Energy PPIE 1915.jpg
12 Nerieds riding dolphins were spaced around the pool's perimeter:
Файл:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 1.jpg Файл:Calder Nereid Riding Dolphin 2.jpg
The Nations of the East[26] (destroyed) Файл:Nationa of the East.jpeg

Файл:Calder Arch Rising Sun Story of Expo vol.2 p.139.jpg 		1913–1915 atop The Arch of the Rising Sun,
Panama–Pacific International Exposition,
San Francisco, California 		staff
The Nations of the West[27] (destroyed) Файл:The Nations of the West - Project Gutenberg eText 16960.jpg

Файл:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.142.jpg 		1913–1915 atop The Arch of the Setting Sun,
Panama–Pacific International Exposition,
San Francisco, California 		staff
Файл:Calder Enterprise American Architect Dec 1920 p.779.jpg
Crowning figure: Enterprise
Файл:Todd Story of Exposition vol.2 opp. p.70.jpg
Central figure: The Mother of Tomorrow
Depew Memorial Fountain Файл:DepewFountain.jpg 1915–1917 University Park,
Indianapolis, Indiana
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Crowning figure:
Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:Depew Memorial Fountain - Maquette.jpg
Calder completed this commission following sculptor Karl Bitter's 1915 death.

Bitter's 1915 maquette for the fountain:
George Washington as President,
Accompanied by Wisdom and Justice[2] 		Файл:Washington in Peace Calder.jpg 1917–18 Washington Square Arch,
Washington Square,
Manhattan, New York City
Шаблон:Coord 		marble Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:The Washington Square Arch, Greenwich Village, NY (5).jpg
Sometimes called Washington at Peace.
Hermon Atkins MacNeil modeled Washington at War (1914–16).
The pair flank the north side of the arch.
The Great Stone Barge[28][29]
(Delights and Terrors of the Sea) 		Файл:Coco Grove FL Vizcaya barge02.jpg 1917–1919 "Villa Vizcaya" (James Deering estate),
Coconut Grove, Florida
Шаблон:Coord 		limestone
Файл:American Architect Feb 28, 1917 p.147.jpg
Calder's barge sculptures were criticized for being "excessively erotic."[30]

The eroded sculptures were used to cast concrete replicas in 1981.[31]
Garden sculpture Файл:Calder Vizcaya AmericanArchitect Dec1920 p.730.jpg Файл:Vizcaya - panoramio (13).jpg Файл:Busts - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08625.jpg Файл:Shepherd group - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08703.jpg Файл:Gate - Vizcaya Museum and Gardens - Miami, Florida - DSC08283.jpg Файл:Villa Vizcaya - IMG 8050.JPG
The Little Dear with the Tiny Black Swan
(Leda and the Swan)[32] 		Файл:Calder Little Dear 1921 SAAM-J0050084.jpg 1918–1921 Denver Art Museum,
Denver, Colorado 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt A Шаблон:Cvt version is a promised gift to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.[33]
Swann Memorial Fountain[34]
(Fountain of Three Rivers) 		Файл:Logan Square in Phila..JPG 1920–1924 Logan Circle,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Central figures:
Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:Swann Fountain Delaware.JPG
Wilson Eyre, architect.

The female allegorical figures represent the Schuylkill River and the
Wissahickon Creek.
The male Lenni Lenape figure represents the Delaware River.
Naiad with Tragic Mask[35]
Model for a Fountain 		Файл:Calder Naiad with Tragic Mask SAAM-J0050115.jpg Шаблон:Circa1920 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		painted plaster Шаблон:Cvt A bronze cast is at the Reading Public Museum in Reading, Pennsylvania.[36]
A larger plaster version is at the Montclair Art Museum in Montclair, New Jersey.[37]
Scratching Her Heel[38] Файл:Scratching Her Heel MET 270706.jpg 1921 Metropolitan Museum of Art,
Manhattan, New York City 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt Another bronze cast is at the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah, Georgia.[39]
The Last Dryad[40] Файл:Calder Last Dryad SAAM-J0050118-000001.jpg 1921 Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		plaster Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:The Last Dryad by Alexander Stirling Calder - University of California, Berkeley - DSC04911.JPG
A 1926 bronze cast is at the University of California, Berkeley.
Shakespeare Memorial[41]
(Tragedy and Comedy, Hamlet and the Fool) 		Файл:Shakespeare monument - panoramio.jpg 1923–1926 In front of the Free Library of Philadelphia,
Logan Square,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:Shakespeare Memorial Philly.JPG
Gilbert McIlvaine, architect

Touchstone and Prince Hamlet:

Another bronze cast is at Brookgreen Gardens.[42]
Head of George Bellows[43] 1925 Conner-Rosenkranz Gallery,
Manhattan, New York City 		plaster Шаблон:Cvt A bronze cast is at the New York Historical Society.[44]
Our Lady and the Holy Child[45]
(A Study in French Gothic Style) 		Файл:Calder Our Lady 1926 SAAM-J0050097.jpg 1926 St. Mary's of Redford Church,
Detroit, Michigan 		marble Шаблон:Cvt Located in a niche behind the High Altar.[46]
Pioneer Woman (Self-Reliant)[47] Файл:Calder Pioneer Woman SAAM-S0000367.jpg 1926–27 Woolaroc Museum,
Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt One of twelve bronze models created by American sculptors for the 1927
Pioneer Woman statue competition. Bryant Baker won the commission.
His heroic-sized Pioneer Woman was dedicated in 1930, in Ponca City, Oklahoma.

Calder received a $10,000 honorarium for his model.[48]
Bust of John James Audubon[49] Файл:Calder Audubon 1927 SAAM-S0000369.jpg 1927 Hall of Fame for Great Americans,
Bronx Community College,
Bronx, New York City
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze
Leif Eriksson Memorial[50]Шаблон:Anchor Файл:Reykjavik-31-Hallgrimskirche-Leifur Eiriksson-2018-gje.jpg
Файл:LeifurEiriksson10.JPG 		1929–1932 Hallgrímskirkja Cathedral,
Reykjavík, Iceland 		bronze Шаблон:Cvt
Файл:Áletrun á styttu af Leifi Eiríkssyni.JPG
Gift of the United States commemorating the 1000th anniversary of the
founding of the Althing, Iceland's parliament.

The statue appeared on a U.S. postage stamp and an Icelandic coin.

Calder's plaster model is at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.[51]

Файл:View from the top of Hallgrímskirkja.JPG
A bronze cast is at the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia.[52]

View from the cathedral's tower, looking west to the Atlantic Ocean:
Cruel Nature: Self-Portrait at Age 60[53][54] Файл:Calder Cruel Nature 1930 SAAM-J0050231.jpg Шаблон:Circa1930 National Portrait Gallery,
Washington, D.C. 		terra cotta Шаблон:Cvt
Robert Henri: The Painter-Teacher with the
Gift of Friendship[55][56]
(Posthumous Bust of Robert Henri) 		Файл:Calder Robert Henri SAAM-J0050172.jpg 1934 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		plaster
(unlocated)[57] 		Шаблон:Cvt Calder and Henri (1865–1929) had been friends since 1885, when both were first-year
students at PAFA.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Calder's widow had a bronze cast made of the bust in 1947, which she donated to PAFA.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Posthumous Bust of John Singer Sargent[58] Файл:Calder Sargent 1934 SAAM-J0050237.jpg Шаблон:Circa1934 Bronx Community College,
Bronx, New York City 		plaster
Introspection Файл:Calder Introspection 1935 SAAM-J0050044.jpg Шаблон:Circa1935 plaster
Continental Post Rider[59] Файл:Sculpture "Continental post rider," by Alexander Stirling Calder at the Ariel Rios Federal Building, Washington, D.C LCCN2013634477.tif 1936 William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building,
Washington, D.C. 		aluminum Шаблон:Cvt
Bust of William Penn[60] Файл:Wmpennhofjeh.JPG 1936 Hall of Fame for Great Americans,
Bronx Community College,
Bronx, New York City
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze
Nature's Dance[61][62]
(The Dance of Life) 		Файл:Calder Dance of Life SAAM-J0050049.jpg 1938 Brookgreen Gardens,
Murrells Inlet, South Carolina
Шаблон:Coord 		Indiana limestone Шаблон:Cvt
Bishop William White[63][64] Файл:Bishop William White by Alexander Stirling Calder, Washington Memorial Chapel.jpg 1940 Washington Memorial Chapel,
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Шаблон:Coord 		bronze The Right Reverend White was the first bishop of the American Episcopal Church.

Calder's last major commission.
Bust of Winston Churchill[65] Файл:Calder Churchill 1943 SAAM-J0050194.jpg 1943 plaster Inscription: "HAVE FAITH, HAVE HOPE, DELIVERANCE IS SURE." JULY 14, 1941.

Architectural sculpture

  • Four figures of famous actresses, marble, I. Miller Building, Broadway and West 46th Street, Manhattan, New York City, 1927–1929:
Файл:University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.JPG
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

Medallions

References

  • Armstrong, Craven et al., 200 Years of American Sculpture, Whitney Museum of Art, NYC, 1976
  • Bach, Penny Balkin, Public Art in Philadelphia, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1992
  • Calder, A. Sterling, Thoughts of A. Stirling Calder on Art and Life, Privately published, New York, 1947
  • Craven, Wayne, Sculpture in America, Thomas Y Crowell Co, New York 1968
  • Fairmount Park Art Association, Sculpture of a City: Philadelphia's Treasures in Bronze and Stone, Walker Publishing Co., Inc, New York. NY 1974
  • Falk, Peter Hastings, ed., Who was Who in American Art, Sound View Press, Madison Connecticut, 1985
  • Gadzinski, Cunningham, Panhorst et al., American Sculpture in the Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Museum of American Art of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1997
  • Hayes, Margaret Calder, Three Alexander Calders, Paul S Eriksson Publisher, Middlebury, Vermont, 1977
  • Шаблон:Cite journal
  • Kvaran and Lockley, A Guide to American Architectural Sculpture unpublished manuscript,
  • Opitz, Glenn B ed., Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers, Apollo Book, Poughkeepsie NY, 1986
  • Proske, Beatrice Gilman, Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture, Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina, 1968

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Portal Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Alexander Stirling Calder Шаблон:Alexander Calder Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 Gadzinski, Cunningham, Panhorst et al.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Washington Arch: George Washington as President, from SIRIS.
  3. ↑ ‘’Exhibition of Models for a Monument to the Pioneer Woman’’ at the Chicago Architectural Exhibition, East Galleries, Art Institute of Chicago, June 25 to August 1, 1927
  4. ↑ John William Leonard, ed., Men and Things: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries (New York: L. R. Hamersly & Company, 1908), p. 374.
  5. ↑ Alexander Calder, An Autobiography with Pictures (Pantheon Books, 1966).
  6. ↑ Dr. Samuel Gross, from SIRIS.
  7. ↑ Major General John Frederick Hartranft, from SIRIS.
  8. ↑ A Drinking Fountain, from SIRIS.
  9. ↑ Anna Margaretta Archambault, A Guide Book of Art, Architecture, and Historic Interest in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company, 1924), p. 250.
  10. ↑ The Sewell Cross, from SIRIS.
  11. ↑ Man Cub, from SIRIS.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Sundial, from SIRIS.
  14. ↑ The Missouri, from SIRIS.
  15. ↑ Philippe Francois Renault, from SIRIS.
  16. ↑ Calder Cross, from SIRIS.
  17. ↑ Minda Powers-Douglas, Chippiannock Cemetery (Arcadia Publishing, 2010), p. 98.[1]
  18. ↑ Henry Charles Lea Monument, from SIRIS.
  19. ↑ Stretching Girl, from SIRIS.
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 David B. Dearinger, Paintings & Sculpture at the National Academy of Design, Volume 1: 1826–1925 (Hudson Hills Press, 2004), p. 84.
  21. ↑ Stretching Girl, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.
  22. ↑ Najinyankte, from SIRIS.
  23. ↑ An American Stoic, from Bonham's Auction House.
  24. ↑ Star Maiden, from SIRIS.
  25. ↑ Stella G. S. Perry, The Sculpture and Mural Decorations of the Exposition: A Photo Survey of the Art of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition (San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company, Publishers, 1921), p. 16.[2]
  26. ↑ The Nations of the East, from SIRIS.
  27. ↑ The Nations of the West, from SIRIS.
  28. ↑ Stone Barge, from SIRIS.
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Jed Perl, Calder: The Conquest of Time — The Early Years: 1898–1940 (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2017), p. 14.
  31. ↑ Delights and Terrors of the Sea, from SIRIS.
  32. ↑ Leda and the Swan, from SIRIS.
  33. ↑ The Little Dear with the Tiny Black Swan, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.
  34. ↑ Swann Memorial Fountain, from SIRIS.
  35. ↑ Naiad with Tragic Mask, from PAFA.
  36. ↑ Naiad with Mask, from Reading Public Museum.
  37. ↑ Naiad with a Mask, from SIRIS.
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Scratching Her Heel, from SIRIS.
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Shakespeare Memorial, from SIRIS.
  42. ↑ Tragedy and Comedy, from SIRIS.
  43. ↑ George Bellows, from SIRIS.
  44. ↑ George Wesley Bellows, from SIRIS.
  45. ↑ Our Lady and the Holy Child, from SIRIS.
  46. ↑ Our Lady and the Holy Child, from Andy Hoxie via Flickr.
  47. ↑ Pioneer Woman, from SIRIS.
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  49. ↑ John James Audubon, from SIRIS.
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Leif Ericson, from SIRIS.
  52. ↑ Leif Ericson, from SIRIS.
  53. ↑ Self-mask, from SIRIS.
  54. ↑ A. Stirling Calder Self-Portrait, from National Portrait Gallery.
  55. ↑ Robert Henri, from PAFA.
  56. ↑ Bust of Robert Henri, from SIRIS.
  57. ↑ Model of Bust of Robert Henri, from SIRIS.
  58. ↑ Bust of John Singer Sargent, from SIRIS.
  59. ↑ Continental Post Rider, from SIRIS.
  60. ↑ William Penn, from SIRIS.
  61. ↑ Nature's Dance, from SIRIS.
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ [3] Шаблон:Webarchive
  64. ↑ Right Reverend William White, from SIRIS.
  65. ↑ Winston Churchill, from SIRIS.
  66. ↑ Witherspoon Building Figures, from SIRIS.
  67. ↑ A. Stirling Calder, "The Relationship of Sculpture to Architecture," The American Architect, vol. 68, no. 2346 (8 December 1920), p. 778.
  68. ↑ Spandrel figures, from SIRIS.
  69. ↑ Oakland Auditorium Panels, from SIRIS.
  70. ↑ South Frieze, from SIRIS.
  71. ↑ Pediment at Missouri State Capitol, from SIRIS.
  72. ↑ Ethel Barrymore as Ophelia, from SIRIS.
  73. ↑ Rosa Ponselle as Norma, from SIRIS.
  74. ↑ Marilyn Miller as Sunny, from SIRIS.
  75. ↑ Mary Pickford as Little Lord Fauntleroy, from SIRIS.
  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  77. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  79. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  80. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  81. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  83. ↑ The Dance of Life, from SIRIS.
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