Английская Википедия:Aloha shirt
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates
The aloha shirt (Шаблон:Lang-haw[1]), also referred to as a Hawaiian shirt, is a style of dress shirt originating in Hawaii. They are collared and buttoned dress shirts, usually short-sleeved and made from printed fabric. They are traditionally worn untucked, but can be worn tucked into the waist of trousers. They are worn casually or as informal business attire in Hawaii.
"Aloha Friday", or Casual Friday, a now-common tradition of celebrating the end of the workweek by wearing more casual attire on Fridays, initially grew out of an effort to promote aloha shirts.[2]
Design
Aloha dress shirts are printed, mostly short-sleeved, and collared. They almost always have buttons, sometimes for the entire length of the shirt or at least up to the chest. They usually have a left chest pocket sewn in, often with attention to ensure the printed pattern remains continuous. Aloha shirts may be worn by men or women. Women's aloha shirts usually have a lower-cut, v-neck style.
The lower hems are straight,[3] and the shirts are often worn with the shirt-tails hanging out, rather than tucked in. Wearing an untucked shirt was possibly influenced by the local Filipinos who wore shirt-tail out, and called these Шаблон:Transl meaning "friend".Шаблон:Refn[4]Шаблон:Refn Wearing it untucked or tucked depends on personal taste; it carries the same connotations of tucking or untucking a polo shirt. In the 1950s, the shirt became allowed as business attire for aloha week, but only if worn tucked in.[5]Шаблон:Sfnp
Traditional men's aloha shirts are usually adorned with traditional Hawaiian quilt designs, tapa designs, and simple floral patterns in more muted colors. Contemporary aloha shirts may have prints that do not feature any traditional Hawaiian quilt or floral designs but instead may incorporate drinks, palm trees, surf boards or other island tropical elements in a similar form as the traditional aloha shirt.[6]
It has been observed that locals (kamaʻāina) tended to shy away from the garishness of aloha shirts as "too wild" when they first appeared,Шаблон:Refn whereas tourists embraced wearing designs of many bright colors.[4] An example of the type of shirt the locals may prefer includes the "reverse print"; these shirts are often printed on the interior, resulting in the muted color on the exterior.Шаблон:Citation needed
History
According to some sources, the origin of aloha shirts can be traced to the 1920sШаблон:Sfnp or the early 1930s,[7] when the Honolulu-based dry goods store "Musa-Shiya the Shirtmaker" under the proprietorship of Kōichirō Miyamoto,[7] started making shirts out of colorful Japanese prints.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:Sfnp[7] It has also been contended that the aloha shirt was devised in the early 1930s by Chinese merchant Ellery Chun of "King-Smith Clothiers and Dry Goods", a store in Waikiki.[8]Шаблон:Sfnp Although this claim has been described as a myth reinforced by repeated telling,[9] Chun may have been the first to mass-produce[10] or to maintain the ready-to-wear in stock to be sold off the shelf.[11][12]
The name "aloha shirt" appeared later. By 1935 and 1936, the word aloha was being attached to various sorts of Hawaiian products, so calling the garments "aloha shirts" was hardly original.Шаблон:Sfnp The term aloha shirt first appeared in print in an advertisement for Musa-Shiya in the June 28, 1935 issue of The Honolulu Advertiser newspaper.Шаблон:Sfnp[13] However, Ellery Chun is sometimes credited for coining the term,[14] perhaps in 1933;[15] Chun's store reportedly carried window signs that said "aloha shirts".[10][16] The term "aloha sportswear" was registered as a trademark by Chun's company in 1936,Шаблон:Sfnp[11] followed by Chun trademarking "Aloha Shirt" in 1937 and owning the rights to this appellation for the next 20 years.Шаблон:Sfnp
Within years, major designer labels sprang up all over Hawaii and began manufacturing and selling aloha shirts en masse. By the end of the 1930s, 450 people were employed in an industry worth $600,000 annually.[17] Two notable manufacturers of this period are Kamehameha and Branfleet (later Kahala), both founded in 1936.Шаблон:Sfnp[4] Retail chains in Hawaii, including some based on the mainland, may mass-produce a single aloha shirt design for employee uniforms.
After World War II, many servicemen and servicewomen returned to the United States from Asia and the Pacific islands with aloha shirts made in Hawaii since the 1930s.[18] One significant manufacturer was Shaheen, which began business in 1948.[4] Following Hawaii's statehood in 1959, when extant tropical prints came to be regarded as rather tacky, designer Alfred Shaheen became noted for producing aloha shirts of higher chic and quality, and Elvis Presley wore a Shaheen-designed red aloha on the album cover for Blue Hawaii (1961).[18][19] In 1956, Tori Richard, a well-known brand of alohas was established.[20][21] Spooner's of Waikiki, precursor of Reyn Spooner, also established business in 1956.[22]
Exports
Garments manufactured in Hawaii could bear "Made in Hawaii" labels before statehood (1959), and even afterwards, their sales to mainland United States continued to be referred to as "exports".[23]
Aloha shirts tend to be referred to as "Hawaiian shirts" by the populace from the mainland United States,[4] and are often brilliantly colored with floral patterns or generic Polynesian motifs.Шаблон:Citation needed
The aloha shirt is currentlyШаблон:When the premier textile export of the Hawaii manufacturing industry.Шаблон:Citation needed
Aloha dress codes
Aloha Week
In 1946, the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce funded a study of aloha shirts and designs for comfortable business clothing worn during the hot Hawaiian summers. The City and County of Honolulu passed a resolution allowing their employees to wear sport shirts from June–October. City employees were not allowed to wear aloha shirts for business until the creation of the Aloha Week festival in 1947. The Aloha Week festival was motivated by both cultural and economic concerns: First held at Ala Moana Park in October, the festival revived interest in ancient Hawaiian music, dancing, sports, and traditions. There was a holoku ball, a floral parade, and a makahiki festival attended by 8,000 people. Economically, the week-long event first attracted visitors during October – traditionally a slow month for tourism – which benefited the Hawaiian fashion industry as they supplied the [[muumuu|muШаблон:OkinaumuШаблон:Okinau]] and aloha shirts worn for the celebration.Шаблон:Sfnp Aloha Week expanded in 1974 to six islands, and was lengthened to a month. In 1991, Aloha Week was renamed to Aloha Festivals.[24]
In the end, Aloha Week had a direct influence on the resulting demand for alohawear, and was responsible for supporting local clothing manufacturing: locals needed the clothing for the festivals, and soon people in Hawaii began wearing the clothing in greater numbers on more of a daily basis. Hawaii's fashion industry was relieved, as they were initially worried that popular clothing from the mainland United States would eventually replace aloha attire.Шаблон:Sfnp
Aloha Friday
In 1962, a professional manufacturing association known as the Hawaiian Fashion Guild began to promote aloha shirts and clothing for use in the workplace, particularly as business attire. In a campaign called "Operation Liberation", the Guild distributed two aloha shirts to every member of the Hawaii House of Representatives and the Hawaii Senate. Subsequently, a resolution passed in the Senate recommending aloha attire be worn throughout the summer, beginning on Lei Day.Шаблон:Sfnp The wording of the resolution spoke of letting "the male populace return to 'aloha attire' during the summer months for the sake of comfort and in support of the 50th state's garment industry".Шаблон:Sfnp
In 1965, Bill Foster Sr., president of the Hawaii Fashion Guild, led the organization in a campaign lobbying for "Aloha Friday", a day employers would allow men to wear aloha shirts on the last business day of the week a few months out of the year.Шаблон:Sfnp Aloha Friday officially began in 1966,[25] and young adults of the 1960s embraced the style, replacing the formal business wear favored by previous generations. By 1970, aloha wear had gained acceptance in Hawaii as business attire for any day of the week.Шаблон:Sfnp Unlike the court dress required in most jurisdictions, attorneys in Hawaii may be allowed to wear aloha shirts in court, though this varies among individual courts.[26]
Hawaii's custom of Aloha Friday slowly spread east to California, continuing around the globe until the 1990s, when it became known as Casual Friday.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Today in Hawaii, alohawear is worn as business attire for any day of the week,[16] and "Aloha Friday" is generally used to refer to the last day of the work week.Шаблон:Sfnp Now considered Hawaii's term for "Thank God It's Friday" (TGIF),[27] the phrase was used by Kimo Kahoano and Paul Natto in their 1982 song, "It's Aloha Friday, No Work 'til Monday",[28] heard every Friday on Hawaii radio stations across the state.Шаблон:Citation needed
Aloha attire
The related concept of "aloha attire" stems from the aloha shirt. Semi-formal functions such as weddings, birthday parties, and dinners are often designated as "aloha attire", meaning that men wear aloha shirts and women wear muumuu or other tropical prints. Because Hawaii tends to be more casual, it is rarely appropriate to attend such functions in full evening wear like on the mainland;[29] instead, aloha attire is seen as a happy medium between excessive formality and casual wear (i.e., business casual).
See also
- Barong tagalog – formal Filipino shirt made of pineapple fiber
- Batik – Indonesian and Malaysian shirt worn casually or as business attire
- Bowling shirt
- Camp shirt
- Guayabera – Mexican, Central American, and Caribbean shirt worn casually or as business attire
- Kariyushi shirt – Okinawan shirt worn casually or as business attire
- Tori Richard – aloha shirt brand
- Reyn Spooner – aloha shirt brand
- Jams – aloha shirt brand
Notes
References
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
External links
Шаблон:Wiktionary Шаблон:Commons category
- ↑ Via the Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокwsj2017-03-30не указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокkeane&quinnне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокgoggans&difrancoне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Harvp apud Шаблон:Harvp
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhonolulu-advertiser-2000-07-11не указан текст - ↑ 10,0 10,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhirahara&smithне указан текст - ↑ 11,0 11,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокschmittне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокfundaburk-p169не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhonolulu-advertiser-1926-06-28не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhonolulu-advertiser-1987-04-02не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhendricksonне указан текст - ↑ 16,0 16,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокhonolulu-advertiser-formalне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокwsj2012-06-07не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокlatimes2009-01-04не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокfujiiне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокlatimes2010-06-20не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокgazetteне указан текст - ↑ Dale Hope: The Aloha Shirt with a different year of introduction.Шаблон:When
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- American fashion
- Symbols of Hawaii
- Shirts
- Surf culture
- 1930s fashion
- 1950s fashion
- 1960s fashion
- 1990s fashion
- Textile arts of Hawaii
- Tiki culture
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
.jpg){kind=link}