Английская Википедия:Amalgamated Transit Union

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox organization The Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) is a labor organization in the United States and Canada that represents employees in the public transit industry. Established in 1892 as the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, the union was centered primarily in the Eastern United States; today, ATU has over 200,000 members throughout the United States and Canada.

History

The union was founded in 1892 as the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America. The union has its origins in a meeting of the American Federation of Labor in 1891 at which president Samuel Gompers was asked to invite the local street railway associations to form an international union. Gompers sent a letter to the local street railway unions in April 1892, and based on the positive response arranged for a convention of street railway workers.Шаблон:Sfn The convention began on September 12, 1892, in Indianapolis, Indiana, attended by fifty delegates from twenty-two locals. Many of the smaller unions were affiliated with the AFL, while four larger locals were affiliated with the Knights of Labor and two were independent.Шаблон:Sfn

The first president was William J. Law from the AFL-affiliated local in Detroit.Шаблон:Sfn Detroit was chosen as the headquarters, using the same facilities as the Detroit local.Шаблон:Sfn Because the number of members affiliated with the Knights of Labor was greater than the numbers affiliated with the AFL, according to the claims of the delegates, the new international remained unaffiliated despite pleas by Gompers.Шаблон:Sfn The objectives included education, settlement of disputes with management, and securing good pay and working conditions. The international was given considerable authority over the locals.Шаблон:Sfn

The second convention was held in Cleveland in October 1893, with just fifteen divisions represented by about twenty delegates.Шаблон:Sfn At this meeting William D. Mahon was named president, and he still held this position in 1937. By then the union had been renamed the Amalgamated Association of Street, Electric Railway and Motor Coach Employees of America.Шаблон:Sfn The union struggled in the early years as the transit companies followed the practice of firing union activists. In the 1897 meeting in Dayton, Ohio, there were twenty delegates. The treasury of the union now had $4,008.Шаблон:Sfn An early achievement was to have laws passed in a dozen states by 1899 that mandated enclosed vestibules for the motormen. Wages were close to $2 a day where the union was established, and in Detroit and Worcester the nine-hour day had been achieved, although in most cities ten- or eleven-hour days were common.Шаблон:Sfn

At the start of the 20th century the Amalgamated Association launched a militant organizing program. Although the union was always willing to arbitrate in disputes, there were many strikes against the streetcar companies. Often these turned violent, as in St. Louis in 1900 or Denver in 1920. The public and small businesses sympathized with the strikers, and passengers and other unions often became involved in the street actions.Шаблон:Sfn When buses began to replace streetcars, the association began to be challenged by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Stablemen and Helpers. It was agreed that the Amalgamated Association would have jurisdiction over buses operated by street railway companies, while the Teamsters would have jurisdiction over independent bus lines and over road transportation of goods.Шаблон:Sfn

Political and legislative activities

In 2008, the ATU endorsed Hillary Clinton in her unsuccessful bid for the Democratic Presidential nomination; after she conceded defeat, the ATU endorsed Barack Obama in his bid to become president.Шаблон:Sfn

The ATU was named the "Most Valuable National Union" in The Nation magazine's Progressive Honor Roll of 2012 for its support of the Occupy movement, the National Day of Action for Public Transportation, and other social justice issues.Шаблон:Sfn

Timeline

Year Location
1892 Indianapolis Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America is founded in September 1892
1900 St. Louis St. Louis Streetcar Strike of 1900
1903 As electrically powered streetcars became more common, the name was changed to the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employees of America.Шаблон:Sfn
1908 Chicago Chicago Tunnel Company refuses to recognize the Amalgamated Association. On May 9 all workers go on strike. Company uses strikebreakers to break the strike.Шаблон:Sfn
1909 Omaha An attempt to organize Omaha streetcar workers fails when armed strikebreakers are brought in.Шаблон:Sfn
1910 Philadelphia The streetcar union launches a strike in February 1910. Violence erupts, and the strike escalates into a general strike of unions in all industries on March 4, involving about 100,000 workers. After three weeks the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company agrees to negotiate.Шаблон:Sfn
1912 Boston Boston streetcar workers go on strike. After two months they gain the right to form a trade union, and a system of arbitration for future disputes is agreed upon.Шаблон:Sfn President Mahon cedes jurisdiction over carpenters, painters, electricians, and other skilled trades to the AFL. The union's membership is divided into 34 distinct labor units, each with a separate agreement negotiated with the company's representative Cyrus S. Ching.Шаблон:Sfn
1913 Indianapolis Indianapolis Streetcar Strike of 1913 starts on October 31. After rioting, the Indiana National Guard is brought in and the city placed under martial law on November 5. As a result, Indiana enacts laws that set minimum wages, regular hours and workplace improvements.Шаблон:Sfn
1916 Washington, D.C. Workers on streetcars in Washington, D.C. are organized when local 689 of the Amalgamated Association wins recognition after a three-day strike.Шаблон:Sfn
1917 Bloomington, Illinois 1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike: A general strike in Bloomington occurred, by both the ATU local 752 transit workers and sympathy strikers that made up the vast majority of the town's workers.
1917 Minneapolis-Saint Paul 1917 Twin Cities streetcar strike: Efforts to organize workers of the Twin City Rapid Transit Company fail after several instances of rioting. Workers later unionized in 1934.
1935 Omaha On April 20, 1935, a long and violent strike begins in Omaha, but is not successful.Шаблон:Sfn
1936 New York City Negotiations for the Transport Workers Union to join the Amalgamated Association break down.
1944 Philadelphia Despite opposition from the union, white workers walk out from August 1–8 in the Philadelphia transit strike of 1944 in an attempt to block giving non-menial jobs to black workers. Troops are brought in and the workers return to work having failed to achieve their goal.Шаблон:Sfn
1947 Cornwall, Ontario Workers at the Cornwall Street Railway strike repeatedly for wage increases throughout August and September in a dispute which is only ended through mediation from Ontario Minister of Labour Charles Daley.
1964 Name is changed to Amalgamated Transit Union
1966 New York City In the 1966 New York City transit strike, the TWU and the ATU both strike against the New York City Transit Authority. The ATU represents 1,750 bus employees in Queens and Staten Island, while the TWU represents 33,000 transit employees.Шаблон:Sfn The 12-day strike leads to passage of the Taylor Law, redefining the rights and limitations of unions for public employees in New York.Шаблон:Sfn
1983 Greyhound faces growing competition and is forced to drop its fares. To survive, it requests a 9.5% wage cut, which the union rejects. In November 1983 the ATU calls a strike of Greyhound employees, with 12,700 members walking off the job. The union accepts a 7.8% wage cut on December 19, 1983, just before Christmas.Шаблон:Sfn
1990 A second Greyhound strike begins in March 1990. Over 9,000 union members lost their jobs when Greyhound hired an army of replacements. One striker was killed when struck by a bus driven by a strikebreaker. The strike drags on and many drivers return to work. The ATU let its members return in 1993.Шаблон:Sfn
2006 Toronto 2006 Toronto Transit Commission wildcat strike
2008 Toronto The 2008 Toronto Transit Commission strike is called at 90 minutes notice at midnight on Friday, August 2. Emergency legislation is passed over the weekend to force the strikers back to work.Шаблон:Sfn

Leadership

Presidents

1893: William D. Mahon[1]
1946: A. L. Spradling[1]
1959: John M. Elliott[1]
1973: Daniel V. Maroney[1]
1981: John W. Rowland[1]
1985: Jim La Sala[1]
2003: Warren S. George
2010: Larry Hanley
2019: John Costa

Secretary-Treasurers

1892: J. C. Manual[1]
1893: S. M. Massey[1]
1894: M. G. Moore[1]
1895: James G. Grant[1]
1895: Rezin Orr[1]
1917: L. D. Bland[1]
1934: William Taber[1]
1946: Rip Mischo[1]
1968: James J. Hill[1]
1974: John Rowland[1]
1976: Raymond C. Wallace[1]
1989: Oliver W. Green[1]
2001: Oscar Owens
2019: Kenneth R. Kirk

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Works cited

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Portal

Шаблон:AFL-CIO Шаблон:Canadian Labour Congress Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 Шаблон:Cite book
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