Английская Википедия:Ammonium acetate
Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially.[1]
History
The synonym Spirit of Mindererus is named after R. Minderer, a physician from Augsburg.[2]
Uses
It is the main precursor to acetamide:[3]
- NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O
It is also used as a diuretic.[1]
Buffer
As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, ammonium acetate is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution. Ammonium acetate is volatile at low pressures. Because of this, it has been used to replace cell buffers that contain non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.[4] It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD and CAD-based detection for this reason. Other volatile salts that have been used for this include ammonium formate.
When dissolving ammonium acetate in pure water, the resulting solution typically has a pH of 7, because the equal amounts of acetate and ammonium neutralize each other. However, ammonium acetate is a dual component buffer system, which buffers around pH 4.75 ± 1 (acetate) and pH 9.25 ± 1 (ammonium), but it has no significant buffer capacity at pH 7, contrary to common misconception.[5]
Other
- a biodegradable de-icing agent.
- a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.
- a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
- a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC (cation exchange capacity) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.
- part of Calley's method for lead artifact conservation
Food additive
Ammonium acetate is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264. It is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.[6]
Production
Ammonium acetate is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia.[7] Obtaining crystalline ammonium acetate is difficult on account of its hygroscopic nature.
References
External links
Шаблон:Acetates Шаблон:Ammonium salts
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Ullmann
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:OrgSynth
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
