Английская Википедия:Anatolii Horelik
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Hryhorii Horelik (Шаблон:Lang-uk), commonly known by his pseudonym Anatolii Horelik (Шаблон:Lang-uk; 1890–1956), was a Ukrainian Jewish anarchist activist that agitated in Donbas during the 1917 Revolution.
Biography
Hryhorii Horelik was born into a lower-middle-class family in Henichesk, where he worked in a grocery store. During the 1905 Revolution, he joined the Ukrainian anarchist movement, for which he was arrested. He fled abroad in 1909. He went to study in France, but after the outbreak of World War I, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the anarcho-syndicalist movement, as a member of the Union of Russian Workers and the Industrial Workers of the World.Шаблон:Sfn
After the outbreak of the February Revolution in 1917, Horelik returned from his exile.Шаблон:Sfnm He moved to Katerynoslav, where he became secretary of the Donbas Anarchist Bureau.Шаблон:Sfnm When the October Revolution broke out, Horelik's Katerynoslav Anarchist Federation organised a demonstration of 80,000 people, who marched under the anarchist black flag.Шаблон:Sfn For three days, Horelik observed the anarchist-led factory committees attempted to bring about workers' self-management. But the process was interrupted when the Bolsheviks cut the city off from supplies, bringing the city under Bolshevik authority.Шаблон:Sfn During this period, Horelik reported that anarchist propaganda was widespread, particularly in the countryside, with newspapers and books making their way into the hands of many Ukrainian peasants.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1918, Horelik opened up correspondence with more than 1,400 villages in Donbas, speculating that a hypothetical anarchist party in the region could count hundreds of thousands of members.Шаблон:Sfn But he blamed the lack of effective anarchist organisation on the "anarchist intelligentsia", who were largely settling in major Russian cities and even collaborating with the Bolshevik government, instead of participating in the building of a libertarian movement, which had been left to the rank-and-file.Шаблон:Sfn Horelik's anti-intellectualism was later taken up by Peter Arshinov, who in turn blamed theoretical confusion and chronic disorganization for the failures of the Ukrainian anarchist movement, leading him to formulate platformism.Шаблон:Sfn
When Ukraine was occupied by the Central Powers, Horelik went into hiding, participating in the anarchist underground as an educator. Although he was personally opposed to violence, he participated in the Makhnovist movement,Шаблон:Sfn as a member of the Nabat.Шаблон:Sfnm He participated in the establishment of an agricultural commune in Kharkiv, which flourished until its repression by the Cheka in the autumn of 1920.Шаблон:Sfn
In October 1920, Horelik reported an incident where multiple detachments of the Red Army approached the Nabat leadership and proposed that they seize power in Ukraine, but Volin and other members rejected this, as they believed in the self-organization of the masses.Шаблон:Sfn On 26 November 1920, the leaders of the Nabat, including Horelik, were arrested by the Cheka in Kharkiv and transferred to a prison in Moscow.Шаблон:Sfnm Months later, the imprisoned leaders of the Nabat staged a hunger strike to attract the attention of syndicalist delegates to the Profintern congress.Шаблон:Sfnm Amid widespread protest against their imprisonment, they were finally released and deported in January 1922, by order of Vladimir Lenin.Шаблон:Sfnm
Horelik emigrated to Argentina, where he joined an émigré group of Golos Truda that had been established in Buenos Aires. In 1956, he died in his Argentine exile.Шаблон:Sfnm
References
Bibliography
- Английская Википедия
- 1890 births
- 1956 deaths
- 20th-century Ukrainian educators
- 20th-century Ukrainian Jews
- American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
- Anarcho-syndicalists
- Argentine people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
- Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
- Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
- French-language writers
- Jewish anarchists
- Jewish trade unionists
- Jewish Ukrainian politicians
- Jewish Ukrainian writers
- Makhnovists
- People from Melitopolsky Uyezd
- Russian-language writers
- Spanish-language writers
- Ukrainian anarchists
- Ukrainian editors
- Ukrainian emigrants to Argentina
- Ukrainian people exiled by the Soviet Union
- Ukrainian trade unionists
- Ukrainian syndicalists
- Yiddish-language writers
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