Английская Википедия:Andrew Planta

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Andrew Joseph Planta, also known as Andreas Joseph von Planta (1717–1773) was a Swiss Reformed pastor who emigrated to England, where he became librarian at the British Museum. He was born in Susch, studied theology in Zürich and worked as pastor in the Italian-speaking Protestant parish of Castasegna. He published an Italian psalter and book of prayers in 1740. In 1745, he obtained an MA degree at the University of Erlangen.

After working as an educator at the court in Ansbach, he moved to London in 1752 to take up the post of pastor of the German Reformed congregation. He became assistant librarian at the British Museum in 1758, reader and tutor to Queen Charlotte in the 1760s and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1770. Several of his daughters worked as governesses at court or in noble families. His son Joseph Planta succeeded him at the British Museum and later became its principal librarian.

Early life and family

Файл:B-Susch-Tuor-Planta.jpg
Planta tower and Reformed church in Susch

Planta was born on 4 August 1717 (O.S.) in Susch.Шаблон:Sfn His father was the Шаблон:Lang Joseph Planta (1692–1729) and his mother was Elisabeth Conrad from Fideris.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Шаблон:Ill was at this time one of the most important families of the Engadin area.Шаблон:Sfn While there are unverified claims that the family is related to a Roman family of the same name that had dealings with Emperor Claudius,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn the family is more reliably documented since 1139Шаблон:Sfn or 1244.Шаблон:Sfn Planta had four younger siblings; the youngest was Шаблон:IllШаблон:Sfn (1727–1772), a theologian, educator and scientist.Шаблон:Sfn

Education and early career

Title page of book reading "Li CL. Sacri Salmi di Davide. Ed alcuni CANTICE ECCLESIASTICE. Piu necessari e comuni. Tradotti ed accomodate alle Melodie di A: LOBVASSER da Andrea G. Planta. M. I. C. Jn Strada nella Stamperia die Giovanni Jannetto. Annol. MDCCXL.
Title page of Andrew Planta's psalm translation into Italian

In 1734, Planta studied theology at the Schola Tigurina in Zürich; he passed an examination by the synod and was ordained in Ilanz in Grisons in 1735.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1736 or 1737, he became pastor of the parish of Castasegna,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn one of very few parishes with an Italian-speaking Protestant population.Шаблон:Sfn In 1739, he translated the metrical psalter of Ambrosius Lobwasser into Italian as Шаблон:Lang,Шаблон:Sfn which appeared together with an accompanying book of prayers (Шаблон:Lang) in 1740.Шаблон:Sfn He also translated Johann Hübner's children's bible into Italian, which appeared in 1743 as Шаблон:Lang without acknowledgment of the translator, but the second Italian edition of 1785 and the Ladin edition of 1770 both credit Planta.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1745, Planta went to the recently founded University of Erlangen, where he obtained an MA degree with a dissertation entitled Шаблон:Lang (A docimastical exercise showing an outline of general philosophy).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Reports that he obtained a doctorateШаблон:Sfn or that he was professor of mathematics in ErlangenШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn are not correct.Шаблон:Sfn From 1745, Planta worked as educator of prince Alexander at the Ansbach court of Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his wife Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He likely also taught mathematics at the Gymnasium Carolinum.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Life in London

Файл:The British Museum at Montague House; the courtyard. Engravi Wellcome V0013502.jpg
British Museum at Montagu House

After travelling to London, where his brother Martin had lived 1749–1750, with the permission of the Ansbach court, Planta became pastor of the German Reformed congregation at the Savoy Chapel in London in 1752, serving until 1772.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His inaugural sermon on 22 October 1752, Шаблон:Lang was printed in London.Шаблон:Sfn The family lived in Bloomsbury.Шаблон:Sfn In 1757, Planta became French tutor to Mary Eleanor Bowes.Шаблон:Sfn From 1758, he worked as an assistant librarian at the British Museum.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was Assistant Keeper of Natural History 1758–1765 and Assistant Keeper of Printed Books 1765–1773.Шаблон:Sfn After 1761, he served as reader and taught Italian to Queen Charlotte.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1765, during Leopold Mozart's journey to London with his family, Planta entertained the Mozart family at Montagu House and showed them around the museum, probably on the occasion of a gift of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music to the museum.Шаблон:Sfn In his Natural History role at the museum, Planta was succeeded by Daniel Solander and in Printed Books by his son Joseph Planta.Шаблон:Sfn In 1768, Carl Gottfried Woide was appointed as assistant pastor; he later succeeded Planta as pastor of the German congregation.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Plantasig.png
Signature of Andrew Planta, from the Royal Society election certificate of Johann Reinhold Forster

Planta was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 15 March 1770.Шаблон:Sfn The citation on his election certificate was "Andrew Joseph Planta of the British Museum MA, & Minister of the German Reformed Church at the Savoy, a Gentleman of good learning, and well versed in natural knowledge, being desirous of becoming a member of the Royal Society; we recommend him, of our Personal acquaintance, as likely to be a valuable & useful member". His proposers were Gregory Sharpe, Gowin Knight, Henry Baker, Jerome de Salis, Joseph Ayloffe, Matthew Duane, Charles Morton, Samuel Harper, Matthew Maty, Richard Penneck, Henry Putman, Joshua Kirby and John Bevis.Шаблон:Sfn Planta himself was one of the proposers when Johann Reinhold Forster was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in February 1772.Шаблон:Sfn

Planta died on 25 February 1773.Шаблон:Sfn His burial was on 3 March 1773 in St George's, Bloomsbury.Шаблон:Sfn

Personal life and children

Planta married Margarete Scartazzini de Bolgiani from Bondo in 1738.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn They had six daughters and one son.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Several of the daughters worked as governesses and educators for noble families;Шаблон:Sfn Wendy Moore later wrote "the Planta family had a seemingly endless supply of talented daughters."Шаблон:Sfn The family spoke Romansh at home also during their time in London.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The oldest daughter Anna Planta was born in Castasegna.Шаблон:Sfn In 1762, she married Christian Minnick or Minnicks,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and they emigrated to Pennsylvania.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn The second child was Elizabeth Planta, born in 1740 or 1741.Шаблон:Sfn In 1757, she became governess to Mary Eleanor Bowes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn From 1777, she was married to John Parish, who was Superintendent of Ordnance at the Tower of London.Шаблон:Sfn The next child was the only son, Joseph Planta, born 10 February 1744 in Castasegna,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn who succeeded his father at the British Museum and became its principal librarian. He died in 1827.Шаблон:Sfn His younger sister Frederica Planta was born in 1750.Шаблон:Sfn She later served as governess and English teacher of the daughters of George III and Queen CharlotteШаблон:Sfn but died in February 1778.Шаблон:Sfn She was succeeded by her sister Шаблон:Ill ("Peggy")Шаблон:Sfn who died in 1834.Шаблон:Sfn The second youngest sister, Anna Elizabeth (Eliza) Planta, was born in London in 1757. She succeeded her sister Elizabeth as governess to Mary Eleanor Bowes' children from 1776,Шаблон:Sfn but soon after married Reverend Henry Stephens.Шаблон:Sfn She moved to Russia after 1789 to work for Catherine Shuvalova. Her daughter Elizabeth later married Mikhail Speransky but died soon after giving birth to a daughter, Elisabeth Bagréeff-Speransky in 1799.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The youngest daughter Ursula Barbara Planta,Шаблон:Sfn who was left money in Mary Eleanor Bowes' will,Шаблон:Sfn died in 1834.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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Citations

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Sources

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