Английская Википедия:Angelica
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Angelica is a genus of about 90 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Lapland, and Greenland.[1] They grow to Шаблон:Convert tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Found mainly in China, its main use was for medicine. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic.
Some species can be found in purple moor and rush pastures.
Characteristics
Angelica species grow to Шаблон:Convert tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Their large, sparkling, starburst flowers[2] are pollinated by a great variety of insects (the generalist pollination syndrome),[3] the floral scents are species-specific, and even specific to particular subspecies.[4] The active ingredients of angelica are found in the roots and rhizomes[5] and contains furocoumarins in its tissues, which make the skin sensitive to light.[6]
Species
List of species accepted by Plants of the World Online Шаблон:As of:[7]
- Angelica acutiloba – Шаблон:Lang-zh in Chinese and Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica adzharica – Adjarian angelica
- Angelica ampla – giant angelica
- Angelica angelicastrum – Norwegian angelicaШаблон:Refn
- Angelica anomala – anomalous angelica
- Angelica apaensis
- Angelica archangelica – garden angelica, archangel, angelique
- Angelica arguta – sharp-toothed angelica, Lyall's angelica
- Angelica atropurpurea – purplestem angelica, alexanders, American angelica, masterwort
- Angelica biserrata – heavy-toothed angelica
- Angelica brevicaulis – short-stem angelica
- Angelica breweri – Brewer's angelica
- Angelica californica – California angelica
- Angelica callii – Call's angelica
- Angelica canbyi – Canby's angelica
- Angelica capitellata – Ranger buttons
- Angelica cartilaginomarginata – Шаблон:Transliteration in Korean
- Angelica cincta – Hubei angelica
- Angelica cryptotaeniifolia – Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica cyclocarpa – Nepalese angelica
- Angelica czernaevia – Eastern Siberian angelica, parsley angelica
- Angelica dabashanensis
- Angelica dahurica – Шаблон:Lang-zh in Chinese
- Angelica dailingensis
- Angelica dawsonii – Dawson's angelica
- Angelica decurrens – descending angelica
- Angelica decursiva – Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica dentata – coastalplain angelica
- Angelica duclouxii – DuCloux's angelica
- Angelica edulis – Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica genuflexa – kneeling angelica
- Angelica gigas – Шаблон:Transliteration in Korean
- Angelica glauca – Шаблон:Transliteration (Kumaoni language), chippe/chouru'Шаблон:Which lang in Uttarakhandi languages (India)
- Angelica gmelinii – Gmelin's angelica, Okhostk angelica
- Angelica grayi – Gray's angelica
- Angelica hakonensis – Hakone angelica
- Angelica hendersonii – Henderson's angelica
- Angelica heterocarpa – variable-fruit angelica
- Angelica inaequalis – unequal angelica
- Angelica indica – Indian angelica
- Angelica japonica – Japanese angelica, Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica kaghanica
- Angelica kangdingensis
- Angelica keiskei – Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese
- Angelica kingii – King's angelica
- Angelica komarovii
- Angelica laxifoliata
- Angelica lignescens [8]
- Angelica likiangensis
- Angelica lineariloba – poison angelica
- Angelica longeradiata
- Angelica longicaudata
- Angelica longipes
- Angelica lucida – seacoast angelica
- Angelica major
- Angelica maowenensis
- Angelica megaphylla
- Angelica minamitanii
- Angelica mixta
- Angelica morii
- Angelica morrisonicola
- Angelica muliensis
- Angelica multicaulis
- Angelica multisecta
- Angelica nakaiana
- Angelica nelsonii
- Angelica nitida
- Angelica nubigena
- Angelica oreada
- Angelica pachycarpa – Portuguese angelica
- Angelica paeoniifolia
- Angelica palustris – marsh angelica
- Angelica pinnata – small-leaf angelica
- Angelica pinnatiloba
- Angelica polymorpha
- Angelica pseudoselinum
- Angelica pseudoshikokiana
- Angelica pubescens – Шаблон:Nihongo3 in Japanese, Шаблон:Lang-zh in Chinese
- Angelica pyrenaea
- Angelica razulii
- Angelica roseana – rose angelica
- Angelica saxatilis
- Angelica saxicola
- Angelica scabrida – Charleston Mountain angelica, rough angelica
- Angelica setchuenensis
- Angelica shikokiana
- Angelica sinanomontana
- Angelica sinensis – Шаблон:Lang-zh in Cantonese and Шаблон:Lang-zh in Mandarin Chinese
- Angelica sylvestris – wild angelica
- Angelica taiwaniana
- Angelica tarokoensis
- Angelica tenuisecta
- Angelica tenuissima – Korean gobon,[9] slender angelica[9]
- Angelica ternata
- Angelica tianmuensis
- Angelica tomentosa – woolly angelica
- Angelica triquinata – filmy angelica, mountain angelica
- Angelica turcica
- Angelica ubadakensis
- Angelica ursina – ezo angelica
- Angelica urumiensis
- Angelica valida
- Angelica venenosa – hairy angelica
- Angelica viridiflora
- Angelica wheeleri – Utah angelica
- Angelica yakusimensis
- Angelica yanyuanensis
Cultivation and uses
Some species are grown as flavouring agents or for their medicinal properties.[10] The most notable of these is garden angelica (A. archangelica), which is commonly known simply as angelica. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are commonly used to flavour gin. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavour of many liqueurs, such as Chartreuse.
Among the Sami people of Lapland, the plant is used to make a traditional musical instrument the fadno.
Seacoast angelica (A. lucida) has been eaten as a wild version of celery.
In parts of Japan, especially the Izu Islands, the shoots and leaves of ashitaba (A. keiskei) are eaten as tempura, particularly in the spring.
A. sylvestris and some other species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including bordered pug, grey pug, lime-speck pug and the V-pug.
A. dawsonii was used by several first nations in North America for ritual purposes.
A. atropurpurea is found in North America from Newfoundland west to Wisconsin and south to Maryland, and was smoked by Missouri tribes for colds and respiratory ailments.Шаблон:Medical citation needed This species is very similar in appearance to the poisonous water hemlock.
The boiled roots of angelica were applied internally and externally to wounds by the Aleut people in Alaska to speed healing.Шаблон:Medical citation needed
The herb, also known by the Chinese name, Шаблон:Lang-zh, and Latin name, Шаблон:Lang, is used medicinally in traditional Chinese medicine.Шаблон:Citation needed
Notes
References
External links
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite EB9
- Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- Traditional and Modern Use of Wild Angelica
Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Acta botanica Gallica 144: 186 (1997)
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web