Английская Википедия:Anglo-Saxon runic rings
There are seven known rings of the Anglo-Saxon period (9th or 10th century) bearing futhorc inscriptions. Futhorc are Anglo-Saxon runes which were used to write Old English.
The most notable of the rings are the Bramham Moor Ring, found in the 18th century, and the Kingmoor Ring, found 1817, inscribed with a nearly identical magical runic formula read as Шаблон:Quote
A third ring, found before 1824 (perhaps identical to a ring found in 1773 at Linstock castle in Carlisle), has a magical inscription of a similar type, Шаблон:Quote
The remaining five rings have much shorter inscriptions.
- Wheatley Hill, County Durham, found 1993, now in the British Museum. Late 8th century. Inscription: "Шаблон:Lang" (I am called ring).
- Coquet Island, Northumberland, found before 1866, now lost. Inscription: "Шаблон:Lang" (this is…).
- Cramond, Edinburgh, found 1869-70, now in the National Museum of Scotland. 9th-10th century. Inscription: "Шаблон:Lang"
- Thames Exchange, London, found 1989, now in the Museum of London. Inscription: "Шаблон:Lang"
Bramham Moor Ring
The Bramham Moor Ring, dated to the ninth century, was found in Bramham cum Oglethorpe, West Yorkshire in or before 1732 (now in the Danish National Museum, no. 8545). It is made from electrum (gold with niello), with a diameter of c. 29 mm. and weighs 40.22 g. The inscription reads[1] Шаблон:Quote
Where k is the late futhorc Шаблон:Lang rune of the same shape as Younger Futhark Шаблон:Lang and the Шаблон:Lang is written as a bindrune.
Kingmoor Ring
The Kingmoor Ring (also Greymoor Hill Ring) dates to the 9th or 10th century. It is of gold, with a diameter ca. 27 mm.
It was discovered in June 1817 at Greymoor Hill, Kingmoor, near Carlisle (Шаблон:Coord). By 1859, the ring was in the possession of the British Museum (ring catalogue no. 184) who has received it from the Earl of Aberdeen. A replica is on exhibit in the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery in Carlisle.
The inscription reads[1] Шаблон:Quote
The final Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang is written on the inside of the ring. The inscription amounts to a total of 30 signs.
Where k is the late Futhorc Шаблон:Lang rune of the same shape as Younger Futhark Шаблон:Lang, and the s is the so-called "bookhand s" looking similar to a Younger Futhark k, Шаблон:Lang.
Linstock Castle Ring
A ring made of agate, perhaps dating to the 9th century, found before 1824. Now British Museum ring catalogue no. 186. The inscription reads Шаблон:Quote Page (1999) takes this to be a corrupt version of the inscription of the Kingmoor and Bramham Moor rings.
The location where this ring was found is unrecorded, but Page (1999) suggests that it is identical to a ring found at Linstock Castle in 1773. A note found among Thorkelin's archive documenting his travels to England between 1785 and 1791. The paper records an obscure inscription, "Шаблон:Lang", identified as "found in 1773 at Lynstock Castle near Carlisle, & not far from the Picts Wall in Cumberland". Page adduces a note from a sale catalogue of 1778 which lists "An ancient Runic ring, found near the Picts Well, 1773".[2]
The ring bears a unique variant of Шаблон:Lang which more closely resembles that rune's appearance in manuscripts than to the rune's other epigraphical attestations.
Wheatley Hill Finger-Ring
A gilded silver ring, dating to the 8th century, found in 1993 in Wheatley Hill, County Durham and now in the British Museum.[3]
The inscription reads Шаблон:Quote The first and last runes are covered up by two of the three gem bosses that were later applied to the ring.
Whilst runic inscriptions often refer to the object on which they're written, usually this is "me" or another suitable pronoun. The Wheatley Hill Finger-Ring is unique amongst runic inscribed objects as identifying what type of object it is - a "ring". [4]
Interpretation of the Шаблон:Lang charm
The sequence Шаблон:Lang found on both the Kingmoor and Bramham Moor Rings is interpreted as a spell for staunching blood, based on comparison with a charm containing the sequence Шаблон:Lang found in Bald's Leechbook (i.vii, fol. 20v). For this reason, the entire inscription is likely a protective or healing charm or spell with the ring serving as an amulet.[1][5]
The charm in Leechbook is also found in Bodley MS:
| Leechbook i.vii[6] | Bodley MS [7] |
| Шаблон:Poemquote | Шаблон:Poemquote |
The Leech book has the instruction: "to stop blood, poke into the ear with a whole ear of barley, in such a way that he [the patient] be unaware of it. Some write this:", followed by "either for horse or men, a blood-stauncher".
While the charm is "magical gibberish", there are a number of elements that can clearly be identified as Irish: Шаблон:Lang corresponds to Old Irish Шаблон:Lang "stream of blood". Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, etc. may be for Шаблон:Lang "for irritation". Other parts sound clearly Anglo-Saxon such as Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang for Шаблон:Lang "unhealthy". The .lll. has been taken as a corruption of the ogham letter Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang) "alder", the Шаблон:Lang following it as the gloss Шаблон:Lang "it is a tree, i.e. 'alder'" In the interpretation of Meroney (1945), the original text gave a list of ingredients for staunching blood, alder (Шаблон:Lang), curds (Шаблон:Lang), etc., with a gloss explaining one of them having slipped into the text. Шаблон:Lang is taken as Irish for "prohibition against bleeding", Шаблон:Lang as "against afflictions" (Old Irish Шаблон:Lang).[8]
Fake rings
A number of fake rings, dating from the 18th century exist. They are generally bronze, do not have niello letters but rather some kind of lacquer, and show signs of machining.
Notes
See also
References
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Page, Raymond I. 'The Inscriptions,' Appendix A in Wilson, D. M. Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700-1100 in the British Museum. London:Trustees of the British Museum. pp. 67–90.
- Page, Raymond I. (1999), "Two Runic Notes," Anglo-Saxon England, Volume 27, Шаблон:ISBN.
- Okasha, Elisabeth (2003). "Anglo-Saxon Inscribed Rings." Leeds Studies in English, n.s. 34, pp. 29–45.
- Шаблон:Cite book p. 32.
External links
- Anglo-Saxon Runic Rings (ansax.com February 2010)
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Page (1999), 112-114.
- ↑ Page (1999), 291f.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Bruce Dickins, Runic Rings and Old English Charms ASNSL 167 (1935), 252.
- ↑ ed. Thomas Oswald Cockayne (1865, reprint 1965), II:54; Felix Grendon, The Anglo-Saxon Charms The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 22, No. 84 (1909), 105-237 (201f.).
- ↑ ed. Arthur Napier, Herrig's Archiv 74 (1890), 323.
- ↑ Howard Meroney, Irish in the Old English Charms Speculum, Vol. 20, No. 2 (1945), 172-182
