Английская Википедия:Anion exchange protein 2

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Версия от 03:06, 1 февраля 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Anion exchange protein 2''' (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC4A2'' gene.<ref name="pmid8434259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tanner MJ | title = Molecular and cellular biology of the erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE1) | journal = Seminars in Hematol...»)
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox gene Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A2 gene.[1][2] AE2 is functionally similar to the Band 3 Cl−/HCO3− exchange protein.

Mice have been used to explore the function of AE2. AE2 contributes to basolateral membrane HCO3− transport in the gastrointestinal tract.[3] AE2 is required for spermiogenesis in mice.[4] AE2 is required for normal osteoclast function.[5][6] The activity of AE2 is sensitive to pH.[7]

AE3 has been suggested as a target for prevention of diabetic vasculopathy.[8]

Structure

The cryo electron microsopic studies revealed that human AE2 protein forms a homodimer and stays in resting state of inward-facing conformation at physiological pH.[9] A loop between transmembrane (TM) helices 10 and 11 extends from TM domain into its cytoplamic domain, forming a "trigger" locking the TM helices in the resting state. In addition, the C-terminal loop (CTD loop) inserts into the anion binding pocket to further block its activities.

Mechanism of ion exchange

During the process of acid secretion, the cellular pH increases, triggering the release of the "trigger" loop from the cytoplasmic domain.[10] This allows for the re-arrangement of the TM helices, while the CTD loop is forced out, enabling HCO3- binding. Further conformational changes then turn the AE2 protein into an outward-facing conformation, releasing HCO3- into the extracellular environment and capturing Cl- into the binding pocket. Finally, the AE2 protein returns to its inward-facing conformation and releases Cl- into the cytosol. This working cycle of the AE2 protein replaces a weak acid anion with a strong acid anion, thereby lowering the cellular pH and re-balancing pH homeostasis.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:NLM content Шаблон:Solute carrier family

Шаблон:Membrane-protein-stub

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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