Английская Википедия:Ansuz (rune)

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Версия от 11:32, 1 февраля 2024; EducationBot (обсуждение | вклад) (Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|Runic alphabet letter}} {{More citations needed|date=July 2022}} {{infobox rune | lang1 = pg | lang2 = oe | lang3 = on | name1 = '''*Ansuz''' | name2a = '''Ōs''' | name2b = '''Āc''' | name2c = '''Æsc''' | name3 = '''Óss''' | meaning1 = "god" | meaning2a = "god" | meaning2b = "oak" | meaning2c = "ash" | meaning3 = "Æsir...»)
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox rune Шаблон:Contains special characters Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, Шаблон:Runic. The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism.

The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a (Файл:EtruscanA-01.png), like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph.

Name

In the Norwegian rune poem, óss is given a meaning of "estuary" while in the Anglo-Saxon one, Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script takes the Latin meaning of "mouth". The Younger Futhark rune is transliterated as ą to distinguish it from the new ár rune (ᛅ), which continues the jēran rune after loss of prevocalic *j- in Proto-Norse *jár (Old Saxon Шаблон:Lang).

Since the name of Файл:Gothic a.svg a is attested in the Gothic alphabet as Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, the common Germanic name of the rune may thus either have been *ansuz "god", or *ahsam "ear (of wheat)".

Development in Anglo-Saxon runes

The Anglo-Saxon futhorc split the Elder Futhark a rune into three independent runes due to the development of the vowel system in Anglo-Frisian. These three runes are Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script (transliterated o), Шаблон:Lang "oak" Шаблон:Script (transliterated a), and Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script "ash" (transliterated æ).

Development in Younger Futhark

Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:See

Файл:Forasrun.svg
Variations of the rune in Younger Futhark.

The Younger Futhark corresponding to the Elder Futhark ansuz rune is Шаблон:Script, called óss. It is transliterated as ą. This represented the phoneme /ɑ̃/, and sometimes /æ/ (also written Шаблон:Script) and /o/ (also written Шаблон:Script). The variant grapheme Шаблон:Script became independent as representing the phoneme /ø/ during the 11th to 14th centuries.

Rune poems

It is mentioned in all three rune poems:

Rune Poem:[1] English Translation:

Old Norwegian
Шаблон:Runic Óss er flæstra færða
fǫr; en skalpr er sværða.


Estuary is the way of most journeys;
but a scabbard is of swords.

Old Icelandic
Шаблон:Runic Óss er algingautr
ok ásgarðs jöfurr,
ok valhallar vísi.
Jupiter oddviti.


God is aged Gautr
and prince of Ásgarðr
and lord of Valhalla.

Old English
Шаблон:Runic Ōs bẏþ ordfruma ælcre spræce
wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur,
and eorla gehwam eadnẏs and tohiht.


The mouth is the source of all language,
a pillar of wisdom and a comfort to wise men,
a blessing and a joy to every knight.

Notes:
  • In the Icelandic poem, Óss refers to Odin.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Runes

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  1. ↑ Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page Шаблон:Webarchive.
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