Английская Википедия:Antimicrobial spectrum
The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic means the range of microorganisms it can kill or inhibit. Antibiotics can be divided into broad-spectrum antibiotics, extended-spectrum antibiotics and narrow-spectrum antibiotics based on their spectrum of activity. Detailedly, broad-spectrum antibiotics can kill or inhibit a wide range of microorganisms; extended-spectrum antibiotic can kill or inhibit Gram positive bacteria and some Gram negative bacteria; narrow-spectrum antibiotic can only kill or inhibit limited species of bacteria.[1][2][3]
Currently no antibiotic's spectrum can completely cover all types of microorganisms.[4]
Determination
The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic can be determined by testing its antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microbes in vitro . Nonetheless, the range of microorganisms which an antibiotic can kill or inhibit in vivo may not always be the same as the antimicrobial spectrum based on data collected in vitro.[2][5]
Significance
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora).[3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.[3][6] They may also have side effects, such as diarrhea or rash.[7] Generally, a broad antibiotic has more clinical indications, and therefore are more widely used.[2][8] The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) recommends the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics whenever possible.[9]
Examples
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic: Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline,[1] Imipenem, Azithromycin
- Extended-spectrum antibiotic: Ampicillin[1]
- Narrow-spectrum antibiotic: Sarecycline,[10] Vancomycin, Isoniazid[1]
See also
References
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