Английская Википедия:Apitoxin
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Expand German Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee. It is a cytotoxic and hemotoxic bitter colorless liquid containing proteins, which may produce local inflammation. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.[1]
Components
Bee venom is a complex mixture of proteins and smaller molecules.
The main component is melittin, which amounts to 52% of venom peptides[2] One of the main allergens is phospholipase A2, which amounts to 12% and is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids, causing degradation of cell membranes.[3] Adolapin[4] contributes 2–5% of the peptides.[5][6] Further protein components include apamin (2%), a neurotoxin, hyaluronidase (2%), which dilates blood vessels, increasing their permeability and facilitating the spread of the venom,[3] mast cell degranulating peptide (2%), tertiapin, and secapin.[7] Small molecules in bee venom include histamine (0.1–1%), dopamine and noradrenaline.[8]
Research
Mark Crislip, a practicing infectious disease specialist, examined the claims that bee venom can treat arthritis. He was unable to "find a clean, i.e., a non-TCPM based, randomized, placebo-controlled study of bee venom in humans for the treatment [of] arthritis."[9]
Apitoxins are under preliminary research for their potential biological effects, such as in cancer.[10]
See also
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal Шаблон:Closed access
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ UniProt Шаблон:UniProt, Шаблон:UniProt, Шаблон:UniProt, Шаблон:UniProt, Шаблон:UniProt, Шаблон:UniProt.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
