Английская Википедия:Appalachian bogs
Appalachian bogs are boreal or hemiboreal ecosystems, which occur in many places in the Appalachian Mountains, particularly the Allegheny and Blue Ridge subranges.[1][2] Though popularly called bogs, many of them are technically fens.[3]
Natural history
After the Pleistocene ice ages, species and ecosystems that had shifted southward often survived in local refugia. As a result, cold-adapted ecosystems, such as bogs, remain as far south as East Tennessee and Western North Carolina.[4] Development of land has greatly reduced both the number and acreage of the bogs in North Carolina.[5] Bog ecosystems evolved in humid cold temperate regions and are generally ombrotrophic which means the system is dependent on precipitation for moisture and nutrient inputs.[6]
Shady Valley bogs
Situated between Holston Mountain and the Iron Mountains, the community of Shady Valley, Tennessee, once contained an estimated 10,000 acres (40 km²) of cranberry bogs.[7] In recent years, The Nature Conservancy has initiated a bog restoration program in Shady Valley.[8] The Conservancy also sponsors the town's annual Cranberry Festival, which is held the second weekend in October.[9][10]
Notable bog preserves
- Cranberry Glades, in Pocahontas County, West Virginia
- Cranesville Swamp Preserve, in Preston County, West Virginia and Garrett County, Maryland
- Mountain Bogs National Wildlife Refuge in Ashe County, North Carolina.
- Tamarack Swamp, in Pennsylvania's West Branch Susquehanna Valley
- Tannersville Cranberry Bog, in Northeastern Pennsylvania
Cataract bogs
Шаблон:Main A cataract bog is a rare ecological community, formed where a permanent stream flows over a granite outcropping. The sheeting of water keeps the edges of the rock wet without eroding the soil, but in this precarious location no tree or large shrub can maintain a roothold. The result is a narrow, permanently wet, sunny habitat.
While a cataract bog is host to plants typical of a bog, it is technically a fen, not a bog. Bogs get water from the atmosphere, while fens get their water from groundwater seepage.[11]
Cataract bogs inhabit a narrow, linear zone next to the stream, and are partly shaded by trees and shrubs in the adjacent plant communities.[12]
Cataract bogs are found only in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of the United States, at elevations of between Шаблон:Convert. They are restricted to the Blue Ridge Escarpment region of South Carolina and a small area of North Carolina, a region with exceptionally high rainfall.[11]
Sods
Шаблон:Main Sods is a term used in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia for a mountaintop meadow or bog, in an area that is otherwise generally forested. The term is similar (perhaps identical) to that of a "grass bald", a more widespread designation applied throughout the central and southern Appalachian region.
The best known example of a sods is Dolly Sods, a federally designated wilderness area in Tucker County, West Virginia and popular destination for recreationalists. Other examples include Nelson Sods (Pendleton County) and Baker Sods (Randolph County).
See also
- Appalachian balds
- Appalachian temperate rainforest
- Cove (Appalachian Mountains)
- Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest
- Fen
References
- ↑ Mountain Bogsfws.gov Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Archived at GhostarchiveШаблон:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineШаблон:Cbignore: Шаблон:Cite AV mediaШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:WWF ecoregion
- ↑ Archived at GhostarchiveШаблон:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineШаблон:Cbignore: Шаблон:Cite AV mediaШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Davis, Donald Edward. Where There Are Mountains: An Environmental History of the Southern Appalachians. University of Georgia Press, 2002, p. 13.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV mediaШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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