Английская Википедия:Ardèche (river)
The Ardèche (Шаблон:IPA-fr; Шаблон:Lang-oc) is a Шаблон:Convert long river in south-central France, a right-bank tributary of the River Rhône.[1] Its source is in the Massif Central, near the village of Astet. It flows into the Rhône near Pont-Saint-Esprit, north-west of Orange. The river gives its name to the French department of Ardèche.
The valley of the Ardèche is very scenic, in particular a Шаблон:Convert section known as the Ardèche Gorges. The walls of the river here are limestone cliffs up to Шаблон:Convert high. A kayak and camping trip down the gorge is not technically difficult and is very popular in the summer. The most famous feature is a natural Шаблон:Convert stone arch spanning the river known as the Pont d'Arc (arch bridge).
Geography
The source of the river lies at Шаблон:Convert above sea level in the Vivarais, near the Col de la Chavade, in the forest of Mazan in the commune of Astet. After the towns of Aubenas and Ruoms, it collects the Chassezac and the Beaume and plunges into its famous gorge below Vallon-Pont-d'Arc. It flows into the Rhône at Pont-Saint-Esprit.
Departments and communes
The Ardèche flows through the following departments and communes:[2]
- Department of Ardèche (named after the river):
- Astet (source)
- Mayres (Le Lignon joins)
- Barnas
- Thueyts
- Pont-de-Labeaume (La Fontolliere joins)
- Lalevade-d'Ardeche (right bank)
- Vals-les-Bains (left bank) (La Volane joins)
- Labégude (right bank)
- Ucel (left bank)
- Saint-Privat (left bank) (Le Luol joins)
- Aubenas (right bank)
- Saint-Didier-sous-Aubenas
- Saint-Étienne-de-Fontbellon (right bank)
- Vogüé
- Lanas (right bank)
- Saint-Maurice-d'Ardeche (left bank) (L'Auzon joins)
- Balazuc
- Chauzon (right bank)
- Pradons (left bank)
- Ruoms (left bank)
- Labeaume (right bank) (La Ligne joins)
- Saint-Alban-Auriolles (right bank) (La Beaume and La Cassezac joins)
- Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (left bank) (L'Ibie joins)
- Salavas (right bank)
- Labastide-de-Virac (right bank)
- Saint-Remèze (left bank) (Gorges de l'Ardeche)
- Bidon (left bank)
- Saint-Martin-d'Ardeche (left bank)
- Saint-Just-d'Ardèche (left bank)
- Department of Gard
- Le Garn (right bank)
- Aiguèze (right bank)
- Saint-Julien-de-Peyrolas
- Saint-Paulet-de-Caisson
- Pont-Saint-Esprit (joins the Rhône)
Tributaries
The most important tributaries and subtributaries to the Ardèche include:
| Left tributary | Right tributary |
|---|---|
Hydrology
The river has an average discharge of Шаблон:Convert but experiences severe floods, called "coups de l'Ardèche" (Blows of the Ardèche), in spring and autumn and periods of very low water in summer. During flood events in 1827, 1890, and 1924, it reached Шаблон:Convert and the water level rose to a record Шаблон:Convert in the gorge.
Despite the Ardèche's short length, the flow of the river at Шаблон:Convert is relatively high—higher than the Gardon at Шаблон:Convert, the Cèze (22 m3/s), the Hérault (44 m3/s), or the Agout (55 m3/s)—major rivers south of the Massif Central but much longer.
Rates of flow at Saint-Martin d'Ardèche
The inter-annual average flow of the Ardèche was observed and calculated over a period of 26 years at Saint-Martin d'Ardèche. It amounted to Шаблон:Convert for a surface basin of Шаблон:Convert—i.e. the vast majority of its watershed of Шаблон:Convert. The river has seasonal fluctuations: a typical flow around the Cevennes, with high water in autumn and winter being double the normal, brings the average monthly flow at the first peak of Шаблон:Convert in October then, after falling to Шаблон:Convert in December, a new peak occurs from Шаблон:Convert in January–March (with a maximum in January). A rapid decline in flow rate follows ending in a dry period in July–August resulting in a decrease of the average monthly rate to the level of Шаблон:Convert in July.[3] (See bar chart below.)
The VCN3 (minimum flow) can drop to Шаблон:Convert in a dry year.
Floods can be extremely important (usually following storms in the Cevennes). The Qix 2 and Qix 5 are respectively Шаблон:Convert which is high. QIX 10 is Шаблон:Convert while QIX 20 and QIX 50 respectively rise to Шаблон:Convert.
The maximum instantaneous flow recorded in Saint-Martin d'Ardèche has been Шаблон:Convert (two-thirds of the average flow of the Danube), while the maximum recorded daily rate was Шаблон:Convert.
The runoff curve number flowing into the catchment of the river is Шаблон:Convert annually, which is very high. The specific flow (Qs) reaches 28.3 litres per second per square kilometre of the catchment.
Flows of waterways in the Ardèche catchment
| Waterway | Location | Flows in mШаблон:Sup per second | Side max(m) |
Max. instant |
Max. journ. |
Runoff Curve (mm) |
Area (kmШаблон:Sup) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Module | VCN3 (low water) |
QIX 2 | QIX 5 | QIX 10 | QIX 20 | QIX 50 | |||||||
| Ardèche | Meyras | 3.52 | 0.090 | 150 | 230 | 280 | 330 | - | 4.09 | 360 | 157 | 1092 | 102 |
| Ardèche | Pont-de-Labeaume | 16.30 | 0.550 | 400 | 590 | 710 | 830 | 980 | 7.00 | 1660 | 531 | 1840 | 280 |
| Ardèche | Vogüé | 26.00 | 1.100 | 730 | 1100 | 1400 | 1600 | 1900 | 7.81 | 2200 | 890 | 1294 | 636 |
| Ligne | Labeaume | 2.07 | 0.002 | 170 | 300 | 390 | 480 | - | 4.14 | 622 | 162 | 586 | 112 |
| Beaume | Saint-Alban-Auriolles | 7.56 | 0.230 | 270 | 430 | 540 | 640 | - | 5.73 | 683 | 348 | 994 | 241 |
| Chassezac | Chambonas | 15.50 | 0.820 | 550 | 900 | 1100 | 1300 | 1600 | - | 1800 | 878 | 965 | 507 |
| - from Borne | Saint-Laurent-les-Bains | 2.69 | 0.075 | 110 | 180 | 230 | 270 | 330 | - | 694 | 174 | 1357 | 63 |
| - from Altier | Altier | 3.44 | 0.130 | 120 | 210 | 270 | 330 | 400 | 3.12 | 960 | 190 | 1056 | 103 |
| Ardèche | Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche | 64.30 | 2.700 | 1800 | 2600 | 3100 | 3600 | 4300 | 8.12 | 4500 | 2510 | 908 | 2240 |
Voice server
The prefecture of Ardèche has provided a voice server since June 2005 whose objective is to regularly disseminate information messages to allow monitoring of any significant event that might trigger a civil security crisis or standby alert. Precise information on the evolution of any flood is provided.
Peculiarity
The Ardèche receives water from the Loire river via the "La Palisse" flood barrier and the Lake d'Issarlès. Effectively, the water is collected to feed the EDF hydroelectric plant at Montpezat-sous-Bauzon and is subsequently piped into the Fontaulière river, a tributary of the Ardèche, near the town of Aubenas.
Hydronymy
Several ancient inscriptions about a college of nautes (Boatmen) in associated rivers have been discovered in the Gard. It is possible that the two rivers concerned are the Ardèche and the Ouvèze.[4]
The identification of these two rivers is still pending. However, if it does involve the Ardèche river, the spellings Hentica (from 950), then Ardesca (in the Charta Vetus) have been attested.
Protected areas
The Ardèche is protected along almost all of its course. These protected areas are:
- The sources of the Ardèche: Astet and Mayres, ZNIEFF type I
- The Upper valley of the Ardèche, between Thueyts and Ucel: ZNIEFF type I
- The Riparian forest and floodplain of the Ardèche, between Ucel and Vogüé: ZNIEFF type I
- The Middle Valley of the Ardèche and its Tributaries: Natura 2000 site
- The National Nature Reserve of the Gorges de l'Ardèche
- The lower valley of the Ardèche: ZNIEFF type I.
Tourist attractions
- The Gorges de l'Ardèche - The Gorges de l'Ardèche (Ardèche Gorge) is located between the villages of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc and Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche. The road along the north rim of the gorge (the Corniche) has views into the gorge and over the river.
- Pont d'Arc (arched bridge) - A natural stone bridge across the river near the town of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc forms the natural to the Gorges de l'Ardèche.
- Chauvet Cave - This limestone cave, which is named after its discoverer, is in the Gorges de l'Ardèche. It contains early Stone Age cave paintings of great variety and expressiveness. Since the cave is not open to the public, photographs of cave paintings are displayed in an exhibition in Vallon-Pont d'Arc.
References
External links
- Prefecture of Ardèche Шаблон:In lang
- Characteristic Flows - The Ardèche at Saint-Martin-d’ArdècheШаблон:Dead link Шаблон:In lang
- Banque Hydro - Station V5064010 - The Ardèche at Saint-Martin-d’Ardèche (Sauze St. Martin) - (option Synthèse) Шаблон:Webarchive (Enter the Station Number)
- Trek Earth Photo
- ↑ Шаблон:Sandre
- ↑ Google Maps
- ↑ Page on characteristic flows - The Ardèche at Saint-Martin-d’ArdècheШаблон:Dead link Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ CIL XII, 3316 and 2317; 4107 Шаблон:In lang
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