Английская Википедия:Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor
An aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor (synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, Extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor, DDCI and AAADI) is a medication of type enzyme inhibitor which inhibits the synthesis of dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC, AAAD, or DOPA decarboxylase). It is used to inhibit the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to dopamine outside the brain, i.e. in the blood. This is primarily co-administered with L-DOPA to combat Parkinson's disease. Administration can prevent common side-effects, such as nausea and vomiting, as a result of interaction with D2 receptors in the vomiting center (or cheomoreceptor trigger zone) located outside the blood–brain barrier.[2]
Examples of extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitors include carbidopa and benserazide.
Indications
Peripherally selective DDCIs incapable of crossing the protective blood–brain barrier (BBB) are used in augmentation of L-DOPA (levodopa) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) to block the conversion of L-DOPA into dopamine outside the brain, for the purpose of reducing adverse side effects.[3] Combined L-DOPA and DDCI therapy does not inherently decrease peripheral cardiovascular side effects of L-DOPA administration; however, combined therapy potentiates the central effects of L-DOPA by decreasing the dose-dependency 4-5 fold, therein allowing for effective Parkinson's disease treatment without cardiovascular risk associated with high peripheral dopamine.[4][5]
List of DDCIs
- Benserazide (Madopar, Prolopa, Modopar, Madopark, Neodopasol, EC-Doparyl, etc.)
- Carbidopa (Lodosyn, Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, Stalevo, etc.)
- Methyldopa (Aldomet, Aldoril, Dopamet, Dopegyt, etc.)
- alpha-Difluoromethyl-DOPA (DFMD)
- 3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone [58262-89-8]
- Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
- Epigallocatechin (EGC)
References
Шаблон:Enzyme inhibition Шаблон:Antiparkinson agents Шаблон:Adrenergic receptor modulators Шаблон:Dopamine receptor modulators
Шаблон:Nervous-system-drug-stub
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Cotzias, G. C., Papavasiliou, P. S., and Gellene, R., New England Journal of Medicine, 1969, 280, 337.
- ↑ Yahr, M. D., in Advances in Neurology, ed. M. D. Yahr, p. vi, vol. 2. New York, Raven Press, 1973.