Английская Википедия:Athinganoi
Шаблон:Short description The Athinganoi (Шаблон:Lang-grc, singular Athinganos, Шаблон:Lang, Atsinganoi) were a Manichaean sect[1] regarded as Judaizing heretics who lived in Phrygia and Lycaonia but were neither Hebrews nor Gentiles. They kept the Sabbath, but were not circumcised. They were Shomer nagia.[2]
Other sources mentioned that the Athinganoi were Simonians, and had nothing to do with the Manichean or Paulinic sect, and settled in the year of the East–West Schism in 1054 at Byzantium, and married Byzantine women, adopted Greek Orthodox Christianity and later assimilated in Slavic and Greek Population.[3] In some studies the Athinganoi are described as remnants of the Indo-Greeks who left India in 400 AD during the Migration period.[4]
Name
The etymology of the word is not certain, but a common determination is a derivation in Greek for "(the) untouchables" (compare Indian Chandala, dalit), derived from a privative alpha prefix and the verb Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transliteration, "to touch"). The Manichean sect is mentioned in Soghdian sources.[5]
Association with Roma
The name Шаблон:Transliteration, a later variant form of which is Шаблон:Transliteration (Шаблон:Lang), came to be associated with the Roma who first appeared in the Byzantine Empire at the time. Шаблон:Transliteration is the root word for "cigano", "çingene", "cigány", "zigeuner", "tzigan", "țigan", and "zingaro", words used to describe members of the Roma in various European languages. Today many of these words are still used in a derogatory sense, albeit others are the most common exonym for them in a given language. The idea of Roma as sorcerers also plays a part in the apparent confusion between the Шаблон:Transliteration (the Roma), and the Шаблон:Transliteration.[6]
The exact relationship between the Шаблон:Transliteration and the Roma remains uncertain. Historians, such as Rochow, have suggested three different explanations for the association:[7]
- The name may have been transferred from the Christian sect to the Roma because both had gained a reputation for fortune telling or because the Roma were perceived to have adopted the religious practices of the sect.
- The popular Greek name for the Roma, Шаблон:Transliteration, may have been original and unrelated to the Шаблон:Transliteration, with the association of the two groups in Byzantine writings was due to ignorance and confusion between superficially similar names.
- The name Шаблон:Lang may have been given to any itinerant people who came from abroad and were perceived to practice a different religion, with the term only later applying more narrowly to the Roma.
Purported doctrines according to Christian polemicists
An earlier, and probably quite distinct, sect with the same name is refuted by Marcus Eremita, who seems to have been a disciple of St. John Chrysostom.
They were regarded as Judaizing Heretics. About AD 600, Timotheus, Presbyter of Constantinople, in his book De receptione Haereticorum[8][9] adds at the end of his list of heretics who need rebaptism the Mandopolini, "now called Шаблон:Transliteration. They live in Phrygia, and are neither Hebrews nor Gentiles. They keep the Sabbath, but are not circumcised. They will not touch any man. If food is offered to them, they ask for it to be placed on the ground; then they come and take it. They give to others with the same precautions".[9]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Joshua Starr: An Eastern Christian Sect: The Athinganoi. In: Harvard Theological Review 29 (1936), 93-106.
- Ilse Rochow: Die Häresie der Athinganer im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert und die Frage ihres Fortlebens. In: Helga Köpstein, Friedhelm Winkelmann (eds.), Studien zum 8. und 9. Jahrhundert in Byzanz, Berlin 1983 (= Berliner Byzantinistische Arbeiten, 51), 163-178.
- Paul Speck: Die vermeintliche Häresie der Athinganoi. In: Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 47 (1997), 37-50
Шаблон:Heresies condemned by the Catholic Church Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 2010, Gabriela Brozba, Between reality and myth: A corpus-based analysis of the stereotypic image of some Romanian ethnic minorities, page 42
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Perry, John, "Tajik i. The Ethnonymn: Origins and Application,"Encyclopædia Iranica, Excerpt 1: "An intriguing Sogdian occurrence of the adjective tājīgāne (arguably to be pronounced as tāžīgāne) in a Manichaean hymnal from Turfan, of about the year 1000, may supply the missing link between Middle Persian tāzīg 'Arab' and Turkic/New Persian tāzik, tāžik 'Persian'.", online edition, 2009, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-i-the-ethnonym-origins-and-application (accessed on 20 July 2009)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Cotelier, "Monumenta eccles. Graeca", III, 392; P.G., LXXXVI, 34.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Catholic
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