Английская Википедия:Automotive industry in Brazil

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Файл:Mercedes-Benz Brazil Central Office (2012).jpg
Mercedes-Benz factory in the metro area of São Paulo
Файл:Brazilian Jeep Renegade.jpg
Jeep Renegade made in Brazil, in the metro area of Recife
Файл:First BMW manufactured in Brazil SAO 2014 0419.JPG
First BMW 328i ActiveFlex manufactured in Brazil, at the Araquari plant, in the metro area of Joinville. The car was signed by all the workers on the production line.
Файл:Soja (5590534984).jpg
John Deere produces agricultural machinery in Brazil.

The Brazilian automotive industry is coordinated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (cars, light vehicles, trucks, buses and agriculture machines) with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris. In 2021, the annual production exceeded 2.2 million vehicles, the 8th largest in the world.[1]

Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil, such as: BMW, BYD, Chery, Fiat, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, JAC Motors, Kia, Land Rover, Lexus, Lifan, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan Motors, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo Trucks, among others, as well as national companies such as Agrale, Marcopolo, Randon, and more. In the past there were national brands such as DKW Vemag, FNM, Gurgel, and Troller. Some traditionally produced modern equipped replicas of older models.

Some companies such as Rolls-Royce and Porsche, rely on local distributors to import their vehicles, but brands with local factories, such as Honda and Chevrolet may also import some of their models.

History

Файл:BMW X1 Activeflex Maringa 09 2015 331.JPG
BMW X1 Activeflex (flexible-fuel) made in Brazil
Файл:Rio 01 2013 TransOeste 5810.JPG
Mercedes-Benz bus made in Brazil, serving the city of Rio de Janeiro
Файл:Biarticulado em Curitiba.jpg
Marcopolo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba
Файл:Fábrica da Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA).jpg
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles production in the metro area of Recife
Файл:Entrega 25 novos ônibus para o Corredor Metropolitano ABD (32486461147).jpg
Volvo buses made in Brazil, serving the metro area of São Paulo
Файл:CORE Bomb Squad.jpg
Mercedes-Benz police van, made in Brazil, in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Файл:Lotação 316.jpg
Mercedes-Benz micro bus made in Brazil, serving the city of Porto Alegre
Файл:Praça Eurfásio Correia Curitiba BRT 05 2013 6511.JPG
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba

The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility and was followed by General Motors in 1926. In 1928, Ford established the Fordlândia, an industrial district in the Amazon rainforest. The district is no longer in use but saw a populational growth compared to the early 2000s, when roughly 90 people lived in the town.[2]

In 1956, the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was initially produced, with license purchase of Italian Iso. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Bandeirante. In 1959, the first Volkswagen factory was built, it started manufacturing the Type 2, which preceded the famous Beetle. At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.[3]

In the late 1950s, Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing pickup trucks, and in the 1960s, automobiles and commercial vehicles, GM also brought buses. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars.[4][5] The Italian Fiat established its first factory in the 1970s, and Mercedes-Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and opened an automobile factory in 1998.[6][7] These companies dominated the Brazilian market until mid-1990s, when the Brazilian market was finally opened to imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil.[8]

The automotive industry in Brazil sells to all over Latin America and the world. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[9]

In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto Program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = Tax over Industrialized Product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. The country has recently lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[10] The Inovar-Auto program ended in December 2017 and was replaced by the Route 2030 Program.[11]

Timeline

1890s

1900s

1910s

  • 1911: The first Brazilian automotive magazine, "Revista de Automóveis", was launched in Rio de Janeiro by the Automóvel Clube do Brasil, founded by Santos Dumont; the collection can be observed in the Automotive Press Museum (Miau), in São Paulo.[12]
  • 1908-1913: The first trip by car from Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo was in 1908. The first trip by car from São Paulo to Curitiba was in 1913.[13]
  • 1917: By now, the State of São Paulo had a fleet of 2,600 motor vehicles. In 1918, the first female driver in São Paulo, the wife of the commander of the Port of Santos, operated her automobile under protest from traditional families.[14]
  • 1919: The first automotive industry of Brazil was implemented by Henry Ford. Ford's head office in the United States opens a statewide branch, with initial capital of Шаблон:US$. Model T and TT trucks began to be assembled in São Paulo.[15]

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

Файл:Polo automotivo FCA.Jeep GOIANA (PE).jpg
Jeep Renegade assembly line in the metro area of Recife

1960s

1970s

Файл:Federal University of Paraná building, Curitiba, Brazil, CAIO Millennium Biarticulado bus Volvo B12M Biarticulado chassis.jpg
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba

1980s

1990s

Файл:Move Articulado BHTRANS.jpg
Volvo bus, made in Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte
Файл:Bus stop in São Paulo (crop).jpg
Mercedes-Benz bus, made in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo

2000s

Файл:Polo Automotivo Jeep (FCA) - Goiana, Pernambuco, Brasil.jpg
Former Brazilian president Michel Temer during a visit to the Jeep industrial plant in the metro area of Recife

2010s

2020s

Historical production by year

Year Quantity < 0.5  0.5 – 1 millions 1 – 2 millions 2 – 3 millions 3 – 4 millions
1950 –  
1960 133,000    
1970 416,089    
1980 1,165,174    
1990 914,466    
2000 1,681,517    
2005 2,530,840    
2006 2,611,034    
2007 2,970,818    
2008 3,220,475    
2009 3,182,617    
2010 3,381,728    
2011 3,406,150    
2012 3,402,508    
2013 3,712,380    
2014 3,364,890    
2015 2,429,463    
2016 2,157,379    
2017 2,699,672
2018 2,880,724
2019 2,944,962
2020 2.014.055  
2021 2,248,253  
2022 2,370,000  
2023 2,320,000  

Historical sales

Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Big
Source : BSCB,[17] Fenabrave[18]

Шаблон:Center

Шаблон:Legend inlineШаблон:SpacesШаблон:Legend inlineШаблон:SpacesШаблон:Legend inlineШаблон:SpacesШаблон:Legend inlineШаблон:SpacesШаблон:Legend inlineШаблон:SpacesШаблон:Legend inline

Year Models and Ranking Year
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
1977 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Volkswagen Passat Ford Corcel Chevrolet Chevette Fiat 147 not available 1977
1978 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1978
1979 Volkswagen Fusca Volkswagen Brasilia Fiat 147 Volkswagen Passat Chevrolet Chevette Ford Corcel not available 1979
1980–1987 not available
1988 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Uno Volkswagen Voyage Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Ford Del Rey Chevrolet Opala 1988
1989 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Fiat Uno Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Voyage Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet D-20 1989
1990 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Voyage Ford Verona Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana 1990
1991 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Ford Verona Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Apollo Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Chevette 1991
1992 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Parati Ford Escort Chevrolet Chevette Volkswagen Santana Ford Verona Fiat Tempra 1992
1993 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Ford Escort Chevrolet Kadett Chevrolet Monza Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati Chevrolet Chevette Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Santana 1993
1994 Fiat Uno Volkswagen Gol Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Monza Chevrolet Kadett Fiat Tempra Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Parati 1994
1995 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa Ford Escort Fiat Tipo Volkswagen Golf Fiat Tempra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Chevrolet Monza 1995
1996 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Palio Ford Escort Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Chevrolet Kadett Volkswagen Santana Fiat Tempra 1996
1997 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Chevrolet Vectra Volkswagen Parati Ford Ka Volkswagen Kombi Fiat Palio Weekend 1997
1998 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Uno Chevrolet Vectra Ford Ka Ford Fiesta Ford Escort Volkswagen Parati Volkswagen Polo 1998[19]
1999 Volkswagen Gol not available 1999
2000 Volkswagen Gol not available 2000
2001 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch) Ford Fiesta Fiat Palio Weekend Fiat Siena Volkswagen Golf 2001
2002 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Peugeot 206 Chevrolet Astra Fiat Siena 2002
2003 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Renault Clio Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Toyota Corolla 2003
2004 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Corsa Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Fiat Siena Chevrolet Astra Ford EcoSport 2004
2005 Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Corsa Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Ford Fiesta Volkswagen Fox Ford EcoSport Fiat Siena Fiat Strada 2005
2006 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Chevrolet Celta Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford EcoSport Fiat Strada 2006
2007 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Siena Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma 2007
2008 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Honda Civic Ford Ka 2008
2009 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Palio Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Volkswagen Voyage Ford Ka 2009
2010 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Ford Ka 2010
2011 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Chevrolet Celta Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Strada Fiat Palio Fiat Siena Volkswagen Voyage Ford Fiesta (Hatch) 2011
2012 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Volkswagen Fox/Cross Chevrolet Celta Fiat Strada Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Fiat Siena Chevrolet Corsa (Sedan) Renault Sandero 2012
2013 Volkswagen Gol Fiat Uno Fiat Palio Ford Fiesta (Hatch) Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Siena Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Renault Sandero 2013
2014 Fiat Palio Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Chevrolet Onix Fiat Uno Hyundai HB20 Ford Fiesta Fiat Siena Volkswagen Fox/Cross Renault Sandero 2014
2015 Chevrolet Onix Fiat Palio Hyundai HB20 Fiat Strada Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Volkswagen Fox/Cross Fiat Uno Renault Sandero Chevrolet Prisma 2015
2016 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Chevrolet Prisma Toyota Corolla Fiat Palio Renault Sandero Volkswagen Gol Fiat Strada Honda
HR-V		 2016[20]
2017 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Renault Sandero Toyota Corolla Fiat Strada Fiat Mobi Fiat Toro 2017
2018 Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Ford Ka (Hatch) Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Renault Kwid Fiat Strada Fiat Argo Jeep Compass 2018
2019 Chevrolet Onix Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Renault Kwid Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Fiat Strada Chevrolet Prisma Volkswagen Polo Jeep Renegade 2019[21]
2020 Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Ford Ka (Hatch) Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Strada Volkswagen Gol Fiat Argo Volkswagen T-Cross Jeep Renegade Fiat Toro 2020[22]
2021 Fiat Strada Hyundai HB20 Fiat Argo Jeep Renegade Chevrolet Onix (Hatch) Jeep Compass Fiat Toro Volkswagen Gol Fiat Mobi Hyundai Creta 2021[23]
2022 Fiat Strada Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Mobi Volkswagen Gol Chevrolet Tracker Volkswagen T-Cross Fiat Argo Jeep Compass 2022[24][25]
2023 Fiat Strada Volkswagen PoloШаблон:Tooltip Chevrolet Onix Hyundai HB20 Chevrolet Onix Plus Fiat Mobi Volkswagen T-Cross Fiat Argo Chevrolet Tracker Hyundai Creta 2023[26]
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
See also: Best-selling models in Шаблон:Hlist

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers

Current

Large Passenger Vehicles Manufacturers and Importer

Файл:BSB 01 2014 BMW 320i ActiveFlex 01.jpg
BMW 320i Activeflex (flexible-fuel) made in Brazil
Файл:Linha Verde Curitiba BRT 02 2013 Est Marechal Floriano 5974.JPG
Volvo bus made in Brazil, in the city of Curitiba

Motorcycle and Bicycle manufacturers (Medium and Large Production)

Файл:Premium Auto Onibus - C41883 - Flickr - Rafael Delazari.jpg
Marcopolo bus made in Brazil, serving the metro area of Belo Horizonte

Bus, coach and truck manufacturers

Tractors manufacturers

Файл:John Deere 5055 E.JPG
John Deere, agricultural machinery, made in Brazil

A link to a map containing all plants currently in Brazil: [1][2]

Current and Former Independent, Custom and Foreign Manufacturers

  • Agrale (Motorcycle division)
  • Alfa Romeo
  • Athena Auto (Partnership between Fibracar Compósitos and Scherer Automotiva)[32]
  • Athos Cars (Formerly Chamonix Athos)[33]
  • AutoLatina
  • Automotiva Usiminas (Formerly Brasinca; manufactured car body, dump container and crew-cabs for companies such as Ford, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Simca, Scania, Massey Ferguson, Volkswagen, Volvo, Chevrolet and FNM, between 1950s and mid-1990s)[34]
  • Benelli
  • Bernardini
  • CBP Indústria, Comércio e Exportação (Closed due to trademark infringement; bought Coyote Indústria e Comércio, a former autocross vehicle manufacturer, in the late 80s)[35][36][37]
  • Chrysler (Ceased sales; representation, concessionaires and repair shop still operational)
    • Chrysler
    • Dodge
  • Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) (Declared bankruptcy)[38]
  • Companhia Distribuidora Geral Brasmotor (Former manufacturer for Chrysler, Plymouth, Fargo and Volkswagen; currently owned by Whirlpool, produces since only refrigerators)[39]
  • Companhia Industrial Santa Matilde[40]
  • Companhia de Intercâmbio Pan-Americano (CIPAN) (Chrysler, Plymouth and Fargo representative)[41]
  • Distribuidora de Automóveis, Caminhões e Ônibus Nacionais (Dacon) (Volkswagen and Porsche representative)[42][43]
    • Projets d'AvantGarde (PAG DACON)
  • Emis Indústria e Comércio de Veículos[44]
  • Engenheiros Especializados (Engesa)[45]
  • Farus Indústria de Veículos Esportivos[46]
  • Ford Motors Company Brasil
  • Fábrica Nacional de Motores (Reestablished as Fábrica Nacional de Mobilidade, focused in Electric trucks)
  • Grupo Busscar (Declared bankruptcy)
    • Busscar Ônibus (Reopened as Carbuss Indústria Catarinense de Carrocerias)
  • Grupo Souza Ramos
    • Ford Souza Ramos (Biggest Ford representative; defunct after Ford do Brasil ceased production)[47]
    • SR Veículos Especiais[48]
    • MMC Automotores do Brasil (Mitsubishi representative and manufacturer)
  • Gurgel Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Moplast Moldagem de Plástico)[49]
  • Hofstetter Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
  • Indústria Brasileira de Automóveis Presidente (IBAP)[50]
  • Indústria Brasileira de Veículos (IBV)[51]
  • Indústria de Carrocerias Bugre[52]
  • JPX Indústria e Comércio (Founded by Eike Batista)[53]
  • Karmann-Ghia do Brasil (Subsidiary of Wilhelm Karmann)[54]
  • Kasinski (Currently under Magneti Marelli brand, a Fiat subsidiary)[55]
    • Cofap – Companhia Fabricadora de Peças
    • Cofave – Sociedade Amazonense Fabricadora de Veículos
  • Kers Tecnologia em Mobilidade Sustentável (Microenterprise supported by Unioeste University and the government of the State of Parana)[56]
  • LHM Indústria Mecânica (Formerly Nurburgring Indústria e Comércio)[57]
  • Lafer (Ceased auto vehicle industry; still producing furniture)[58]
  • Little Croc (Amphibious buggy)[59]
  • Lobby Indústria e Comércio (Formerly Matis Indústria e Comércio)[60]
  • L’Auto Craft Montadora de Veículos (Formerly L’Automobile Distribuidora de Veículos)[61]
  • Mahindra & Mahindra (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2015, still produce tractors)
  • Material Ferroviário (Mostly known as Mafersa)
  • Mercedes-Benz (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2020, still produce truck and bus)
  • Miura (Currently owned by Rangel & Lima Indústria de Veículos; Formerly owned by Besson, Gobbi & Cia.)[62]
  • Mobilis (Startup focused in urban mobility solution; produced a small electric vehicle in 2017)[63]
  • Montauto – Montadora Nacional de Automóveis / BRM – Buggy Rodas e Motores (Biggest dune buggy manufacturer in Brazil)[64]
  • Mundeo (Propeller-driven car built "to simulate the feel of an inverted flight"; traffic restriction on public roads)[65]
  • Nasser Brasil Motores Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (NBM)[66]
    • NBM Indústria, Comércio de Veículos
  • Obvio! Automotoveículos[67]
    • Vrooom! Veículos Elétricos (Currently active and focused on electric vehicles)
  • Pioneira da Indústria Nacional de Automóveis Reunida (Pinar)[68][69]
  • Plascar – (Formerly Oscar S.A. Indústria de Artefatos de Borracha)[70]
  • Polaris
  • Puma Automóveis[71]
  • Py Motors Comércio e Indústria[72]
  • SEED (Acronym for: Small Electric with Economic Design) (Formerly MMR Motorsport)[73]
  • Simca do Brasil (Replaced by Chrysler do Brasil in 1967)[74]
  • TAC (Formerly Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense (TAC); utility car project sold to the Chinese Zotye)
  • Tarso Marques Concept (TMC) (Founded by Tarso Marques, former Formula 1 pilot; specialized in custom jobs)[75][76]
  • Vemag-DKW (Vemag was acquired by Volkswagen do Brasil in 1967)
  • Viação Cometa (Currently owned by Auto Viação 1001)
    • Companhia Manufatureira Auxiliar (CMA)
  • Viação Itapemirim
    • Tecnobus – Serviços, Comércio e Indústria (Formerly Tecnobus Implementos Rodoviários)
  • VLEGA Gaucho
  • Willys-Overland do Brasil
  • Wladimir Martins Veículos (WMV) (Sold to Polystilo Indústria e Comércio in 1983 and for Py Motors in 1986)

Educational Institutions

Local manufacture encouraged

As of 2022, Brazil has a 16~18% tariff on imported combustion engine vehicles[79][80] and 0% on electric vehicles.[81]

Passenger Vehicle Currently Offered and Manufactured in Large Scale

Шаблон:Further Agrale: Marruá

Audi: Q3/Q3 Sportback; Imported: A3, A4, A5, A6, A8, Q5, Q7, Q8, RS, e-tron and e-tron GT

BMW: 3 Series, X3; Imported: 1 Series, 2 Series, 4 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X2, X4, X5, X6, X7, Z4 and iX

Chery: Tiggo 5x Pro, Tiggo 7 Pro, Tiggo 8; Imported: iCar, Arrizo 6 Pro and Tiggo 8 Pro Plug-in Hybrid

Chevrolet: Onix/Onix Plus, Montana, Spin, Tracker, S10, Trailblazer; Imported: Cruze, Equinox and Silverado

Citroën: C3, C4 Cactus; Imported: Jumpy, e-Jumpy, Jumper

Fiat: Argo, Mobi, Pulse, Abarth Pulse, Strada, Toro, Fiorino, Fastback; Imported: Cronos, 500e, Scudo, e-Scudo and Ducato

Honda: City (Sedan and Hatchback), HR-V; Imported: Civic e:HEV (Sedan) and Accord[82]

Hyundai: Creta, HB20/HB20S; Imported: Kona Hybrid

Jeep: Commander, Compass, Renegade; Imported: Compass 4xe, Gladiator and Wrangler

Land Rover: Land Rover Discovery, Range Rover Evoque; Imported: Defender and Velar

Mitsubishi: L200 Triton, Eclipse Cross; Imported: Pajero Sport

Nissan: Kicks; Imported: Frontier, Leaf, Sentra and Versa

Peugeot: Partner Rapid; Imported: 208, e-208, 2008, e-2008, 3008, Expert, e-Expert and Boxer

Ram: Rampage; Imported: 1500, 1500 Classic and 2500

Renault: Duster, Kardian, Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero, Master; Imported: Kangoo, Kwid E-Tech, Mégane E-Tech and Zoe

Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Yaris (Sedan and Hatchback); Imported: Hilux, SW4 and RAV4

Volkswagen: Nivus, Polo Track, Saveiro, T-Cross, Virtus; Imported: Amarok, Jetta GLI, Taos and Tiguan Allspace

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Automotive industry in Brazil Шаблон:Economy of Brazil Шаблон:Brazil topics Шаблон:Automotive industry by country Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Sydney A. Latini, A Implantação da Indústria Automobilística no Brasil, Editora Alaúde, 2007, p. 92
  3. ↑ Jeep called Tupi
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Anfavea Brazil Car Association
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Anfavea Brazil Car Association
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  66. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  67. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  70. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  71. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  73. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  74. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  77. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  79. ↑ Imported cars tariff in Brazil
  80. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  81. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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